人教版选修七Unit 2 robots Grammar学案.doc

unit 2 robots grammar学案单元语法：动词不定式的被动语态 (the passive infinitive)学习目标：掌握动词不定式的被动语态在句子中所作6种成分的不同用法；掌握动词不定式的被动语态的2种变化形式。重点语法解说：一、 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式（to be done /to have been done），在句中可作成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。1.作主语(指某次具体的或将要发生的动作) it is an honour for me to be askedto speak here. it is a good thing for him to have been criticized.2. 作宾语 (用于某些动词后作宾语, 常见的动词有want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide, expect, manage, offer, promise, refuse, plan, try, learn, afford, need.) she asked to be sent to work in xinjiang. she preferred to have been given heavier work to do. 3.作表语 (表示目的, 预测, 安排，愿望等) his dream was to be admitted to a good university.4.宾语/主语补足语： he wanted the letter to be typed at once. she didnt like herself to be praised like that. the books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. the book is said to have been translated into many languages. 5.作定语 (动词不定式作定语往往后置，且与被修饰的词之间存在动宾关系、主谓关系、同位关系。)are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?she was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 6.作状语 (表示目的、结果、原因等。) she was too young to be assigned such work.二、不定式的主动形式表示被动1在there be结构中。如：there is no time to lose (也可用to be lost).there is a lot of homework to do(也可用to be done)2在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap, dangerous等。如：he is hard to get along with.he is an impossible person to work with3.在“tooto do; enoughto”结构中。如：the problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)the house is big enough to live in.（不及物动词要补出相应的介词）4在“with+n+to do”结构中。（和逻辑主语是主动关系）如：with nothing to do，he lay in bedwith so many exercises to do，i cant go to the cinema5当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。如： this is the best book to read (=for usyou to read) the important thing to do is to lockthe door when we leave the house6当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如： i have a letter to type today(i是to type的逻辑主语) do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语)注意：不定式作定语，且与它所修饰的词是动宾关系时，多用主动式表被动意义；如果不定式动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现，则应用不定式的被动语态。如：i have nothing to do this afternoon. (i是to do的逻辑主语, nothing和do是动宾关系)i am going to the post office. do you have any letters to be posted? (动作的执行者不是you)预习自测题 指出如下课文原句中动词不定式所作的句子成分。 1.it was going to be tested out by larrys wife.( ) 2.larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.( ) 3.claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.( ) 4.tony expected the house to be completely transformed. ( ) 5.but even though tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt.( ) 6.how awful to be discovered by her, claire thought. ( ) 7.what a sweet victory to be envied by those women! ( )课堂检测题单句语法填空1. it is a great honour _(invite) to attend the opening ceremony.2. the novel is said _(publish) next month.3. my mother is not easy _(persuade).4. the volunteer will show you the right path _(take).5. they still have many difficulties _(overcome).6. “are there any more clothes_(wash)?”asked mum.7. he asked _(send) to yushu to help the local people.8.tom refused _(accompany) by his father to school.9.my little sister should love _(take) to watch the movie 2012.10.could you please give me something_(eat)? 当堂训练题句型转换1. this is the book that i will give tom tomorrow. this is the book _ _ _ _ tom tomorrow.2. she is too weak. you shouldnt make her study tonight. she is too weak_ _ _ _ _ tonight.3. people say that this team will finish the work next month. the work is said _ _ _ next month.4. he pretend that the policeman mistook him for a thief. he pretended _ _ _ _a thief by the policeman.5. i dont expect that i shall be disturbed while im sleeping. i dont expect _ _ _ while im sleeping.完成句子1.tom doesnt like to _(别人同情他).2.im glad _(被给了这次机会) to visit your country.3._(被人爱)is a happy thing.4.he said in a low voice_(以防被人偷听).5. the book is said_(已被译成了英语)6.he hurried to the theater _(结果被告知票已经被卖光了).课后练习题一、完成句子1.our head teacher expected _(有人)马上就做这项工作).2.youre lucky _(没有淋雨).3._(有很多棘手的问题要解决),the newly-elected president is having a hard time.4.dont lie to your mother. she appears _(好像有人告知她所有事情).5._(下周出版的那本书) is supposed to be funny.二、语法填空 aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. i live _1_an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. the airport _2_(build) years ago, but for _3_ reason it could not be used then. last year, however,_4_ came into use. over a hundred people must _5_(drive) away from their homes by the noise. i am one of the few people _6_(leave). sometimes i think this house _7_(knock) down by a passing plane. i _8_(offer) a large sum of money to go away, _9_i am determined to stay here. everybody says i must be mad and they are _10_(probable) right.三、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. mum saved every cent she could spare _ (pay) for my schooling. 2. he seemed _ (clean) the room before i came in. 3. the boy is said _ (send) to the hospital last week. 4. i feel it an honour _ (ask) to speak here. 5. perhaps it is a good thing for you _(criticize).四、单句改错。1. she usually has a lot of meetings to be attended.2. he worked hard to be caught up with the other students. 3. the purpose of the organization is to have been greeted all newcomers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.4. do let your mother know all the truth, although she appears to be told everything.参考答案1.预习自测题1.宾语 2.宾语补足语 3.主语 4.宾语补足语 5.宾语 6.主语 7. 主语2.课堂检测题1.to be invited 2.to be published 3.to persuade 4.to take 5.to overcome6.to be washed 7.to be sent 8.to be accompanied 9.to be taken 10.to eat3.当堂训练题句型转换。1.to be given to 2.to be made to study 3.to be finished 4.to be mistaken for 5.to be disturbed完成句子1.be offered sympathy by others 2.to have been gi