人教版选修七unit 3 under the sea using language课时作业.docx

using language课时作业i. 完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中，选出最佳选项。a marine biologist placed a shark into a large holding tank and then released several small bait fish into the tank. the result met your 1 , the shark quickly swam across the tank, attacked and ate the smaller fish.the biologist then 2 a strong piece of fiberglass into the tank, creating two 3 parts. she then put the shark on one side of the 4 fiberglass and a new set of bait fish on the other. 5 , the shark quickly attacked. but this time, the shark 6 because it knocked hard against the fiberglass 7 . determined, the shark kept 8 this behavior every few minutes, but 9 . meanwhile, the bait fish swam around 10 in the second part. eventually, the shark 11 hope of hunting. this experiment was carried out several times. each time, the shark got less 12 and made fewer attempts to attack the fish, until it 13 hitting the fiberglass and simply stopped attacking. the biologist then 14 the fiberglass, but the shark didnt attack. the shark was trained to believe a 15 existed between it and the bait fish, 16 the bait fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm.many of us, after experiencing setbacks and failures, 17 give up and stop trying. like the shark in the story, we believe that 18 we were unsuccessful in the past, we will always be unsuccessful. 19 , even when no real obstacle exists between where we are and where we want to go, we 20 see obstacles in our heads.1. a. demandsb. expectationsc. schedulesd. requirements2. a. changedb. addedc. insertedd. crashed3. a. separateb. oppositec. connectedd. relevant4. a. delicateb. hiddenc. transparentd. flexible5. a. yetb. meanwhilec. insteadd. again6. a. bouncedb. pausedc. withdrewd. leapt7. a. trapperb. catcherc. testerd. divider8. a. accomplishingb. repeatingc. copyingd. strengthening9. a. in orderb. in vainc. in secretd. in pain10. a. unaccustomedb. unchallengedc. unharmedd. unnoticed11. a. divorcedb. declinedc. raisedd. abandoned12. a. blindb. aggressivec. alertd. arbitrary13. a. got occupied withb. got involved in c. got tired ofd. got used to14. a. readjustedb. restoredc. replacedd. removed15. a. barrierb. distancec. gapd. distinction16. a.sob. butc. asd. for17. a. readilyb. intentionallyc. emotionallyd. physically18. a. becauseb. thoughc. unlessd. while19. a. above allb. in other wordsc. as a resultd. in conclusion20. a. abruptlyb. constantlyc. eventuallyd. occasionallyii. 阅读理解auntil recently, scientists had mapped only about 20 percent of the sea floor. but our knowledge of the deep seas is changing because of information from satellites. scientists have produced a new map that provides a detailed picture of the oceans. the map is expected to help oceanographers (海洋学家), industry and governments.the new map is twice as detailed as the map made 20 years ago. david sandwell is a geophysics professor at the university of california. he and other scientists worked on the mapping project. he says they turned to space to look deeper into the ocean.the scientists collected and studied information from two satellites. some of the data came from the european space agencys cryo-2 satellite. it was placed in earths orbit to watch sea ice. the other satellite is the american space agencys jason-1. it is studying the surface of the oceans. scientists combined the satellite data with images gathered by sonar (声波定位仪) equipment on ships. sonar works by sending sound waves through the water. when the sound waves hit an object, its presence is confirmed.the new map shows the sea floor as it has never been seen before. it shows thousands of underwater mountains and places where continents pulled apart. it shows where earthquakes were active many years ago. they all are buried deep underneath the ocean floor.david sandwell says the map is a powerful tool for fisheries, those interested in protecting the environment and for oil exploration.“the petrol exploration industry is interested in how to reconnect the continents, bring them back together tectonically so you can map the basins on one continental edgesay, africaand use that to establish where the similar basin would be on the other continental edge in south america.”if scientists know that information, they may be able to find oil fields. the new data also will help scientists improve their estimates of ocean depths. this information can help ships travel safely and improve military operations and scientific projects worldwide.mr. sandwell thinks scientists will make many more discoveries as they examine the new map and the information it provides.1. which one is not mentioned about the benefits brought by the new map?a. fisheries. b. scientific projects.c. ship manufacture. d. oil exploration.2. what can we know about the new map?a. it shows where earthquakes will happen.b. it will be helpful to industry and governments.c. it is three times as detailed as the old one years ago.d. it shows the sea floor as it has ever been seen before.3. the text is likely to appear in _.a. a newspaper b. an advertisementc. a science magazine d. a finance report4. which of the following can be the best title for the text?a. the detailed picture of the oceansb. underwater mountains and placesc. more discoveries about the oceansd. scientists create new maps of ocean floorbrachel louise carson was born on may 27th, 1907 in springdale, pennsylvania. she grew up on a farm where she learnt about nature and animals. rachel loved reading and writing stories when she was young. she even had a story published when she was only ten years old. one of rachels favorite subjects was oceanology(海洋生物学).rachel attended college at the pennsylvania college for women where she majored in biology. she later got her masters（硕士） degree in zoology from johns hopkins university. after graduation, rachel taught for a while and then got a job at the u.s. fish and wildlife service. at first, she wrote for a weekly radio program that educated people on marine（海洋的） biology. later, she became a marine biologist and chief editor of publications for the fish and wildlife service. in addition to her work at the fish and wildlife service, rachel wrote articles for magazines about the ocean. in 1941, she published her first book called under the sea wind. however, her second book, the sea around us, made her famous. the sea around us was published in 1951 and was on the new york times bestseller list for 39 weeks. with the success of the book, rachel quit her job at the fish and wildlife service and concentrated on writing full-time.after world war, farmers began to use pesticides (农药) such as ddt on their crops. rachel was concerned about the effects that large-scale spraying of ddt may have on the health of people as well as the environment. rachel began to gather research material on pesticides and write a book about the subject.rachel spent four years gathering research material and writing the book. she named it silent spring referring to bird death due to pesticides and the spring being silent without their songs. published in 1962, the book became very popular and brought the environmental issues of pesticides to the general public.on april 14th, 1964, she died of breast cancer in her home in maryland.5. what did rachel louise carson major in for her bachelors（学士） degree?a. oceanology. b. zoology.c. biology. d. engineering.6. what is the right order of the following events about rachels life?a. she collected material for silent spring.b. she taught for a while after graduation.c. she gave up her job at the service.d. she had her first book published.e. she became a marine biologist.a. d-a-c-b-e b. b-e-d-c-ac. d-c-a-b-e d. b-d-c-e-a7. it can be inferred from the passage that _.a. rachel showed a talent for writing at a young ageb. it took little effort for rachel to write silent springc. it was silent spring that brought rachel instant famed. rachel is believed to be more a biologist than a writer8. what type of writing is the article likely to be?a. a short story. b. a book review. c. a biography. d. a news report. 七选五型阅读理解four steps to begin your path to greatnessfeeling stuck is quite commonmany times，we have thoughts and dreams of what we want in life 1 our thinking pattern holds us back from going forwardthe good news is，at any moment in time，we have the ability to start taking action toward creating the life we wanthere are four steps to get started：celebrate your successwrite down all the successes youve already achieved and all the awesomeness that you are today 2 and once youre in that positive routine with your thoughts，it will lead you to make better choices and take better actions toward your greatnesscreate your true visionmany times we live based on others expectations or we stay stuck in a particular place because its our safety zoneown your pathit can be hard to do，but allow yourself to get out of your head(or stop listening to what others want for you)and focus on your heart and what its telling you 3 4 .if you want to start going to the gym，going from 0 days a week to 5 days a week right away is extreme，and setting yourself up by biting more than you can chew typically doesnt result in success，but failureinstead，start slow and go once or twice a weekafter you do that for a while and get into a nice routine，up it to more daysover time，you will build toward your goal by taking realistic，smaller steps to get there.have the right support 5 find the right support to cheer you on in the processit could be a friend，a family member，or significant other who you trustwhoever it may be，having someone on your journey will be just what you need to keep you on track and celebrate with you as you work toward the life you dream ofadont do it alonebbe realistic about your goalscbe kind to yourself and accept the momentdyour failure can lead you to another successesadly，they only stay as thoughts and dreams inside of us fthis practice will direct your thinking to a positive place glook within yourself deeply and decide what you want and whats true for you . 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/)，并在其下面写出该加的词；删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉；修改：在错词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。mr. paul lives in a small village in the north of england. living and working on a farm, he doesnt need to take a bus and a train to work. after breakfast, he walks out from the front door and is ready to working. there are many things to do all the day long. he doesnt have the same work hours as that of the workers in the cities. in the evening, he likes to play with their children. he also liked to study chinese on the internet. he is interested in china and which attracts him most is the great wall. although he sometimes feels tiring, he is satisfied with his present life. after all, he wont risk fired. 语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。a number of human foods are dangerous to pets. many of these foods may seem tasty to our pets 1 can prove deadly if eaten. which kinds of human foods are the most dangerous to our pets? for example, grapes can cause sudden kidney(肾) 2 (fail) in cats and dogs. 3 is unknown what the poisonous agent is in these fruits. however, clinical signs can occur within 24 hours of eating. garlic and onions contain chemicals 4 damage red blood cells in cats and dogs. 5 (affect) red blood cells can lose their ability 6 (carry) oxygen effectively. fresh, cooked, or powdered garlic is commonly found in baby foods, which 7 (give) to animals sometimes when they are sick, so be sure to read food labels 8 (care). many cases of human food poisonousness in pets are accidental. the best way to prevent this is to keep all food items in areas that are not 9 (access) to pets. children should also be taught not to give candy, gum, or other human food items 10 pets. if you suspect your pet may have eaten a dangerous food, contact your veterinarian immediately. in many cases, early treatment is necessary and important. i. 完形填空【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。一位海洋生物学家做了一个小实验,作者由这个实验发出感慨:我们中的许多人经历过挫折和失败后,就从情感上放弃尝试。3. a参见上题解析。separate分开的;opposite对面的,迥然不同的;connected相连的;relevant紧密相关的。4. c根据语境可知,这边的鲨鱼可以看到对面的用作诱饵的鱼,因此生物学家插入水箱的玻璃纤维是透明的(transparent)。delicate易碎的;hidden隐藏的;flexible可弯曲的,有弹性的。5. d根据第一段中的attacked可知,此处应表示再一次(again),鲨鱼快速对用作诱饵的鱼发起了攻击。6. a但是这一次,鲨鱼被弹了起来,因为它重重地撞上了玻璃纤维分隔板。bounce(使)弹起,弹跳,符合语境。pause停顿;withdraw撤回,撤离;leap跳跃。7. d参见上题解析。divider分隔物,分开物,符合语境。trapper捕杀动物者;catcher捕捉器,接球手;tester测试员,测试器,试用品。8. b根据上文中的determined和下文中的this experiment was carried out several times. each time, the shark got less and made fewer attempts to attack the fish可知,一开始,鲨鱼不断重复(repeating)这一行为。accomplish完成;copy复制,模仿;strengthen加强。9. b尽管鲨鱼不断重复这一行为,但都是白费力气。in vain徒劳,白费力气,符合语境。in order井然有序,适当;in secret秘密地,暗中;in pain痛苦地。10. c上文提到鲨鱼攻击用作诱饵的鱼的企图都失败了,因此,此处表示用作诱饵的鱼毫发无伤地四处游动。本段最后一句the bait fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm也是提示。unaccustomed不习惯,不适应;unchallenged 未受到过质疑的,未受到过挑战的;unnoticed未被注意到的。11. d最终,鲨鱼放弃了(abandoned)捕猎到用作诱饵的鱼的希望。divorce使脱离;decline拒绝;raise提高。12. b每一次,鲨鱼的攻击性都会变得更弱一点。aggressive侵略的,挑衅的,符合语境。blind盲目的;alert警觉的;arbitrary任意的。13. c根据下文中的and simply stopped attacking.but the shark didnt attack可知,鲨鱼厌倦了(got tired of)撞击玻璃纤维。get occupied with忙于;get involved in卷入。14. d然后,生物学家移除了(removed)玻璃纤维,但是鲨鱼仍不攻击。readjust再次调整;restore恢复;replace替换。15. a鲨鱼被训练得相信它和用作诱饵的鱼之间有障碍物(barrier),因此(玻璃纤维被移除后)小鱼无所顾忌地四处游动,不受攻击。distance距离;gap间隙;distinction区别。16. a参见上题解析。前后句之间是因果关系,前面是因,后面是果,故选并列连词so。17. c我们中的许多人,在经历挫折和失败后,会从情感上(emotionally)选择放弃,并停止尝试。readily快捷地,轻而易举地;intentionally有意地;physically身体上地。18. a好比这个故事中的鲨鱼,我们认为因为我们过去失败过,所以就永远不会成功。此处应用because引导原因状语从句。19. b换句话说(in other words),我们不断(constantly)在我们的脑中看到障碍,即使我们所在的位置和我们想要达到的位置之间并没有真正的障碍。above all最重要的是;as a result结果;in conclusion总之。20. b参见上题解析。abruptly突然;eventually最终;occasionally偶尔。ii. 阅读理解a【语篇解读】是一篇介绍关于新的海洋洋流地图的科普类文章，这个地图不仅能提供详细的大洋的图片而且还可以看到大洋底部的状况，我们通过这个地图可以判断多年前发生在海洋底部的大地震。这个地图对渔业，科学项目研究和石油探测都有重要意义，最后mr.sandwell相信科学家们在这张新地图的帮助下会有更多的发现。做这篇文章时，我们要事先多浏览几遍文章，大体把握文章的细节，这样有助于我们做题时筛选答案。2. b【解析】考查文章细节理解。由文章的第一段的最后一句话提到了这个地图可以帮助海洋学家，工业和政府。故选b。3. c【解析】考查文章主旨大意。这是一篇介绍关于新的海洋地图的科普类文章所以它更有可能出现在科学著作或者杂志里，newspaper报纸advertisement广告science magazine科学杂志finance report经济报告，故选c。4. d【解析】考察文章的细节推断。这篇文章的着重点在于介绍这样的一份洋流地图，它对于各个科研商业的意义，而并不是介绍其他什么东西，所以d项更合理。故选d。b【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍rachel louise carson的一生经历。5. c【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句rachel attended college at the pennsylvania college for women where she majored in biology.可知rachel louise carson主修生物，故选c。6. b【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中after graduation, rachel taught for a while and then got a job at the u.s. fish and wildlife service. later, she became a marine biologist可知rachel毕业之后有一段时间教学，然后在the u.s. fish and wildlife servic得到一份工作，后来成了海洋生物学家。再根据第二段中in 1941, she published her first book called under the sea wind. 她出版了她的第一本书；with the success of the book, rachel quit her job at the fish and wildlife service and concentrated on writing full-time.随着书的成功她放弃了the fish and wildlife service的工作，集中精力在写作上。可知正确顺序是b。7. a【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中rachel loved reading and writing stories when she was young. she even had a story published when she was only ten years old.可知rachel在很小的时候就展示出写作天赋。根据句意可知选a。8. c【解析】推理判断题。纵观全文，特别是第一段第一句rachel louise carson was born on may 27th, 1907 in springdale, pennsylvania和最后一段on april 14th, 1964, she died of breast cancer in her home in maryland.可知本文在介绍rachel louise carson的一生经历。故选c。. 七选五型阅读理解【语篇解读】很多人都有梦想，但是只是停留在想法，文章介绍一些方法可以让你行动起来努力实现梦想。 2. f 【解析】根据上文的句子write down all the successes youve already achieved and all the awesomeness that you are today还有下文的positive，可知这里是：这个做法会引导你的想法到一个积极的地方。故选f。3. g【解析】根据上文的句子focus on your heart and what its telling you专注于你的心，和它告诉你的事情。可知，这里是：看你的内心深处，决定你想要什么和真实的自我是什么。故选g。4. b 【解析】根据这一段最后一句话 over time，you will build toward your goal by taking realistic，smaller steps to get there.可知这段介绍：制定现实的目标。故选b。5. a 【解析】根据下文的句子find the right support to cheer you on in the process可知，这里是：不要 一个人做。故选a。【名师点睛】七选五型阅读理解的解题步骤1. 在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为开门见山与末尾点题的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为结尾总结式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。2. 做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。3. 做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。4. 切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。七选五型阅读理解的解题策略1. 从意思上判断 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。2. 从词汇上锁定线索 做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。3. 从关联词作为切入点 通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词