学人教版必修五Unit1Great scientistsPeriod4Grammar教案设计（14页word版）.docx

2018-2019学年度人教版必修五unit1great scientistsperiod4grammar教案设计知识点过去分词做定语和表语教学目标1、知识：学习过去分词做定语和表语，并能够实际运用。2、方法：分析和理解文章中长难句及高级句式，并学习仿写。3、能力：阅读和分析与科学家有关的文章。教学重点过去分词做定语和表语教学难点了解几位不同领域的科学家，进而帮助理解文章。教学过程一、导入教学建议：导入有很多种方法，一般控制在十分钟左右为宜，可以采用各种形式，比如：1、直接导入法。2、复习以往知识：可以从已学、已知的入手，与今天的教学进行对比。3、课前小测：可以针对学生学校里近期讲授的内容进行出题（以简单题和中档题为主，以10分钟左右为宜）进行测验，也可以针对基础知识进行复习提问，检查学生学校所学内容的掌握程度，进而展开教学。4、以近年来发生的重大事件为题导入。既考查了学生从社会生活中获取信息的能力，又激发了学生的学习兴趣，让学生马上进入学习状态等。以上的导入方法只是建议，大家选择其中一种或两种进行交叉使用即可。复习：单词和词组默写。1）conclude vi.终结；结束；推断；决定2）attend v. 注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with出席；到场照看；照料=take care of; look after3）expose vt.使暴露，显露；曝光；揭露4）absorb v.吸收；使(精神)贯注；占用(时间)5）blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于；n. 责怪；(过失、过错等)责任6）instruct vt.教导；指示7）contribute vi. &vt.捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿8）put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名9）apart from 除之外；另外10）make sense讲得通；有意义二、知识讲解知识点1 reading中重点句子分析 (1) neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。【句法分析】neither nor 既不也不【典型例句】neither you nor he knows about it. 关于这件事，你不知道他也不知道。【练习】jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.a. neither wont tomb. tom wont eitherc. tom will tood. so will tomkey: b 考查句型结构。句意：jane今天晚上不和我们一起吃饭，tom也一样。and后接的应同为否定句，故排除c、d项，a项应改为neither will tom，故选b项。(2) he knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。【句法分析】not/never until 直到才【典型例句】i didnt get the news until last night. 直到昨晚我才听到这消息。【练习】not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.a. did he begin b. had he begunc. he began d. he had begunkey: a 考查倒装句。not until放在句首要用部分倒装，翻译为“直到”，所以begin的动作发生在left的动作之后或同时发生。(3) a woman, who had moved away from broad street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那个水泵的水，每天都叫人把水运到家里来。【句法分析】本句中so that 意为“如此以至于”，that引导结果状语从句；本句中had it delivered是have的复合结构用法，即“have+宾语+宾补”。【典型例句】he did the work so badly that i had to do it all over again myself.他的活干得太差劲了，我只好亲自重做。the patient is going to have his temperature taken. 这个病人准备让人量体温。【练习】youd better start early _ you can get there on time.a. so thatb. so as toc. such thatd. in order tokey: a 考查so that引导的目的状语从句。句意：你们最好早点出发，以便能准时到达那儿。such that无此用法；so as to和in order to后跟动词不定式。(4) 文章例句：only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚。【句型】only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用部分倒装。【练习】汉译英就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵。_ key: only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.(5) 文章例句：he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it . 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转。【句型】with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等。【典例】with the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。【练习】汉译英随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了。_ key: with the test finished, we began our holiday.知识点2 重点语法讲解：过去分词作定语和表语(1) 过去分词做定语过去分词做定语，在语态上是被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：english is a widely used language. (表被动)he threw away the broken cup. (表完成)this is one of the schools built in 1980s. (表被动和完成)prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices (表被动)注意：1）单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，常放在被修饰词的前面，表示被动和完成的意义。the injured passengers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.there are some fallen leaves in the yard. the united states is a developed country. china has sent up many man-made satellites.2）过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。this is the best novel written by xiao ming. = this is the best novel that was written by xiao ming.several guests invited to your birthday party didnt come.= several guests who were invited to your birthday party didnt come.3）及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性，只表示被动关系。polluted water= water which is polluted被污染的水reserved seats= the seats which were reserved被保留的座位trapped animal = the animal which was trapped被困住的动物不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。boiled water= water which has boiled开水fallen leaves= the leaves which have fallen 落叶risen sun= the sun which has risen升起的太阳(2) 过去分词做表语表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。the window is broken. 窗户碎了。dont get so excited. 别这么激动。1）用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词；被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。试对比：the glass is broken.这只杯子是碎的。（表状态）the glass was broken by tom.这只杯子是汤姆打碎的。（表被动）the windows are closed. 窗户是关着的。（表状态）the windows are closed by jack.窗户都被杰克关上了。（表被动）2）表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如：interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语，表示状态。其中有些仅表示状态，毫无被动意味。how did the audience receive the new play?they got very excited.how did bob do in the exams this time?well, his father seems pleased with his results.she was very disappointed to hear the result.hes quite experienced in teaching beginners.三、例题精析教学建议说明：此处内容主要用于教师课堂的精讲，每个题目结合试题本身、答案和解析部分。例题1【题干】prices of daily goods _through a computer can be lower than store prices.a. are boughtb. boughtc. been boughtd. buying【答案】b【解析】根据句子结构，需填动词的非谓语形式，由于prices of daily goods与buy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词bought，故选b。例题2five people won the “chinas green figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.a. being given b. is givenc. givend. was given【答案】c【解析】考查过去分词的用法。此处用过去分词given做后置定语，相当于which was given.例题3child remained _ long after they had been told the puzzling story.a. puzzling b. puzzledc. being puzzledd. to be puzzled【答案】b【解析】考查过去分词用法。此处的puzzled表主语感到迷惑不解。a项的puzzling修饰物，意为“令人迷惑不解”；c项强调正在被进行的动作；d项表在主句谓语之后发生。例题4there have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 beijing olympic games.a. addb. to addc. addingd. added【答案】d【解析】考查过去分词用法。add为及物动词，常用于add sth to sth结构中，本题应为add several new events to the program。因此add与new events之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词做后置定语。例题5the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.a. seatb. seatingc. seatedd. to be seating【答案】c【解析】句考查过去分词做表语。be/remain seated为固定用法“坐下”，故选c。四 、课堂运用教学建议说明：在对课堂知识讲解完，把握了重点突破了难点以及练习精讲了之后，再用练习进行课堂巩固或检测，根据学生情况建议分3个难度层次：易，中，难。基础用所给词的适当形式填空。1. you seem _ (frighten).【答案】frightened【解析】seem后为形容词，主语为人用frightened“感到害怕的”。2.please be patient and remain _ (seat).【答案】seated【解析】seat经常用remain/be seated表示“坐下”。3. i found this _ (break) cup on the floor.【答案】broken【解析】break用在cup前表已经完成的动作，用broken形式。4. i saw a tall, dark and handsome man _ (name) xiao ming.【答案】named【解析】man与name是被动关系。5. she worked for the minnesota manufacturing and mining company, _ (know) as 3m.【答案】known【解析】minnesota manufacturing and mining company与name是被动关系。巩固6. he told me about the things _ at the meeting yesterday. a. discussed b. to be discussed c. to discuss d. being discussed 【答案】a【解析】句义为“他告诉我昨天在会上讨论的事情”。事情是被讨论，可以排除c；选项b表示将要被讨论；选项d表示正在被讨论；故选a。7. how do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?the key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. a. to solving; making b. to solving; made c. to solve; making d. to solve; made 【答案】b【解析】第一个空the key to中的to是介词，后面要接名词或者动名词；第二个空要用made，过去分词作定语，意思是“顾客提出的要求”。故选b。8. im very _ with my own cooking. it looks nice and smells delicious. mm, it does have a smell. a. pleasant; pleased b. pleased; pleased c. pleasant; pleasant d. pleased; pleasant【答案】d【解析】过去分词作表语或定语时常用来修饰人，be pleased with表示“对满意”。pleasant意思是“令人愉快的”，修饰物。故选d。9. its a pleasure to watch the face of a(n) _ baby. a. asleep b. sleepc. sleeping d. slept 【答案】c【解析】baby与sleep之间是一种主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语；asleep只能作表语。故选c。10. this is a temple _ during the qing dynasty. a. built b. to be built c. having built d. being built 【答案】a【解析】temple与build之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，to be built表示要修建，还没有修建；being built表示正在修建当中。本句说庙宇是在清朝时修建的，所以选a。拔高11.这本农民写的书非常受欢迎。_【答案】the book written by the farmer is very popular.【解析】written by the farmer12. 受到老师严厉惩罚的男孩现在是大学生了。_【答案】the boy punished severely by the teacher is now a college student.【解析】punished severely by the teacher13. 在昨天会议上讨论的问题很难解决。_【答案】the problem discussed at the meeting yesterday was very difficult to solve.【解析】discussed at the meeting yesterday14. 大多数被邀请去参加聚会的艺术家都来自南非。_【答案】 most of the artists invited to the party were from south africa.【解析】invited to the party15. 受到老师鼓舞的学生比以前更努力了。_【答案】 the students inspired by the teacher worked harder than ever before.【解析】inspired by the teacher句子理解练习: 英译汉(1) 他不但不知道发生了什么，而且也不关心。_(2) 直到他妈妈回来，他才睡觉。_(3) 他工作太努力了，以至于经常忘记吃饭。_ (4) 只有用这种方法，我们才能尽快地达到目标。_ (5) 点着蜡烛，我们将为她唱生日快乐歌。_【答案】(1) he neither knows nor cares what is happening.(2) he didnt go to bed until his mother came home.(3) he works so hard that he often forgets to have meal.(4) only in this way, can we reach our goal as soon as possible.(5) we will sing happy birthday song for her with the candle on.阅读理解einstein was born in ulm, germany on mar. 14, 1879. einsteins parents moved from ulm to munich when einstein was still a baby. the family business was the manufacture of electrical parts. when the business failed, in 1894, the family moved to milan, italy. at this time einstein decided officially to give up his german citizenship. within a year, still without having completed secondary school（中学）, einstein failed an examination that would have allowed him to continue with a course of study leading to a diploma（文凭）as an electrical engineer at the swiss federal institute of technology. he spent the next year in nearby aarau at a secondary school, where he enjoyed excellent teachers and first-rate facilities（设备）in physics. einstein returned in 1896 to the swiss federal institute of technology, where he graduated, in 1900 as a secondary school teacher of mathematics and physics. after two years he got a post at the swiss patent （专利）office in bern. the patent office work required einsteins careful attention, but while employed（19021909）there, he completed an astonishing range of publications in theoretical physics. for the most part these texts were written in his spare time and without the benefit of close contact（接触）with either the scientific literature or theoretician colleagues. einstein submitted one of his scientific papers to the university of zurich for a phd degree in 1905. in 1908 he sent a second paper to the university of bern and became a lecturer there. the next year einstein received a regular appointment as associate professor of physics at the university of zurich. by 1909, einstein was recognized throughout german-speaking europe as a leading scientific thinker.1. which of the following shows the right order of the events that happened to einstein? a. graduated from the swiss federal institute of technology b. moved to milan c. got a post at the swiss patent office in bern d. worked in the university of zurich e. studied at a secondary school in aarau f. gave up his german citizenship a. c, b, a, e, d, f b . a, b, f, e, d, c c. b, f, e, a, d, c d. b, f, e, a, c, d 【答案】d 【解析】按照这些事件发生的时间顺序可以判断选择d。2. how many countries did einstein stay in before he became successful? a. 2. b. 3. c. 4. d. 5. 【答案】b 【解析】细节题。文中提到他出生在德国，1894年全家搬到意大利，后来又在瑞士上学和工作，所以是3个国家。3. what did einstein do when he was in the patent office? a. he paid little attention to his work.b. he wrote plenty of scientific works. c. he kept close contact with his friends. d. he read a lot of physics books. 【答案】b 【解析】由第二段第二句和第三句可知，正确答案是b，其他选项与文章不符。4. which of the following do you think played the most important role in einsteins success? a. his school year in the secondary school in aarau. b. his years in the swiss federal institute of technology. c. his years in the swiss patent office. d. his phd degree. 【答案】a 【解析】由第一段倒数第二句可知in a secondary school in aarau期间，他遇到了非常优秀的教师和第一流的设备，其他阶段文章并未做出专门介绍，故选a。课堂小结教学建议说明：教师对本节课应掌握的知识作一个小结，将本堂课应掌握的内容做一个概要陈述。本节课的重点句型是：1、neither nor 既不也不2、not/never until 直到才3、so that如此以至于4、only 引导的部分倒装5、with复合结构本节课的重点语法知识是：过去分词作定语和表语通过本节课的学习，学生应该掌握以上的5个重点句型，并且学会如何用过去分词作定语和表语。课后需要通过大量的练习来巩固课上所学的知识，真正做到学以致用。课后作业教学建议说明：讲解完本章的知识点，布置课后作业，让学生巩固知识，建议也分三个层次，每个层次3-5题基础1. the olympic games, _in 776 b.c. did not include women players until 1912. a. first played b. to be first played c. first playing d. to be first playing【答案】a【解析】play与the olympic games构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。2. did you attend the meeting _ yesterday? a. to be held b. having been held c. held d. being held【答案】c【解析】hold与the meeting构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。3. i borrowed a book _ by mark twain from the library last week. i like it very much.a. written b. writing c. was written d. to write【答案】a【解析】write与book构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。4.the living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table _ already for a meal to be cooked. a. laid b. laying c. to lay d. being laid【答案】a【解析】lay与a dining table构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。5.john received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.a. finished b. finishing c. having finished d. was finished【答案】a【解析】根据题意，可知finish与his work构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。6. from the dates _ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that it was made five hundred years ago. a. marking b. marked c. to be marked d. having been marked【答案】b【解析】mark与date构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。7. hearing the_ news, we all felt_.a. encouraging; encouraging b. encouraged; encouraged c. encouraged; encouraging d. encouraging; encouraged【答案】d【解析】encouraging修饰事物，意为“令人鼓舞的”；encouraged修饰人，意为“鼓舞的”。8. as is known to us all, traveling is_, but we often feel_ when we are back from travels. a. interesting; tired b. interested; tiring. c. interesting; tiring d. interested; tired【答案】a【解析】第一空 traveling为主语可知用interesting“令人感兴趣的”；第二空为主语可知用tried“感到疲倦的”。9. cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay【答案】c 【解析】该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.10. the disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.a. recorded b. recordingc. to be recorded d. having recorded 【答案】a【解析】此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。巩固1. dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. a. being known b. having been knownc. to be known d. known【答案】d【解析】know与words, expressions, phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。2.with nothing _ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.a. leaving b. left c. leave d. to leave【答案】b【解析】leave与nothing构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。3. linda worked for the minnesota manufacturing and mining company, _as 3m.a. knowing b. know