汉语言文学综合测试二.docx

【题型：填空】【分数：1分】 得分：1分1Language is a system of _ vocal symbols used for human communication.答：arbitrary答案：arbitrary【题型：填空】【分数：1分】 得分：0分2Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the _coming from the lungs.答：air stream答案：airstream【题型：填空】【分数：1分】 得分：1分3A speech _ is a group of people who share the same language or a particular variety of language.答：community答案：community【题型：填空】【分数：1分】 得分：1分4Mean and frugal are said to be _ synonyms.答：emotive答案：emotive【题型：填空】【分数：1分】 得分：0分5A _ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.答：locutionary答案：prelocutionary【题型：填空】【分数：1分】 得分：1分6An _ is pronunced letter by letter, while an _is pronunced as a word.答：initialism答案：initialism；acronym【题型：填空】【分数：1分】 得分：1分7Language, broadly speaking, is a means of _ communication.答：verbal答案：verbal【题型：填空】【分数：1分】 得分：1分8The history of English lexical expansion is one that is characterized with heavy_ and _.答：borrowing;word formation答案：borrowing；word-formation【题型：填空】【分数：1分】 得分：1分9The localization of cognitive and perceptual function in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called _.答：lateralization答案：lateralization【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：3分10Diachronic linguistics答：It is a study of a language through the course of its history;therfore,it is also called historcial linguistics.答案：It is a study of a language through the course of its history; therfore, it is also called historcial linguistics.【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：1分11Euphemism答：It is a mild,indirect or less offensive words or expression that replace a taboo word.答案：It is a mild, indirect or less offensive words or expression that replace a taboo word.【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：3分12Pitch答：Pitch is a suprasegmental feature, whose domain of application is the syllable.Different rates of vibration produce what is known as different frequencies, and in auditory terms as different pitches.Pitch variations may be dinstinctive like phoneme, that is,when they may contribute to distinguish between different words. In this function, pitch答案：Pitch is a suprasegmental feature, whose domain of application is the syllable. Different rates of vibration produce what is known as different frequencies, and in auditory terms as different pitches. Pitch variations may be dinstinctive like phoneme, that is, when they may contribute to distinguish between different words. In this function, pitch variations are called tones.【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：3分13Syntactic category答：It is a word or phrase that performs a particular grammatical function such as subject or object.答案：It is a word or phrase that performs a particular grammatical function such as the subject or object.【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：3分14Conceptualism答：It is the view which holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic from and what it refers to rather ,in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.答案：It is the view which holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather , in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the medaition of concepts in the mind.【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：0分15Universal Grammar答：It is system of linguistic knowledge and a human species-specific gift which exists in the mind of a normal human being .It consists of a set of general conditions ,or general principles,that generate phrases and sentences.答案：It is the genetically endowed information consisting of principles and parameters that enable the child to deduce a grammar from the primary linguistic data.【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：2分16Componential analysis答：Componential analysis, also called feature analysis or contrast analysis, refers to the description of the meaning of words through structured sets of semantic features, which are given as “present”, “absent” or “indifferent with reference to feature”. The method thus departs from the principle of compositionality. Componential analysis is a method typical of structural semantics which analyzes the structure of a words meaning. Thus, it reveals the culturally important features by which speakers of the language distinguish different words in the domain .答案：a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning., which believe that the meaning of a word can be further divided into smaller units called semantic features.【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：3分17Semantics答：It is the study of meaning communicated through language .The basic task in semantic is to show how people communicate meanings with pieces of language.答案：It is the study of meaning communicated through language. The basic task in semantics is to show how people communicate meanings with pieces of language.【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：1分18Inflection答：It is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number ,person ,finiteness ,aspect and cases to which they are attached.答案：it is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and cases to which they are attached.【题型：名词解释】【分数：3分】 得分：3分19Performatives答：They are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state and are not verifiable, in other words, performatives are utterances that prefome an act“do things”.答案：They are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state and are not verifiable, in other words, performatives are utterances that prefome an act do things.【题型：简答】【分数：10分】 得分：8分20Why does modern linguistics regard the spoken form of language as primary?答：First, the spoken form is prior to the writ-ten form and most writing systems are derived from the spoken form of language. Second, the spoken form plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed and it serves a wider range of purposes Finally, the spoken form is the medium through which we acquire our mother tongue.spoken is prior to written,written is derived from spoken.答案：spoken and written|spoken is prior to written|written is derived from spoken【题型：简答】【分数：10分】 得分：0分21What is the major difference between Saussures distinction between langue and parole and Chomskys distinction between competence and performance?答：Langue is social product.The distincti on between langue, and parole was made by the famous linguist Ferdind de Saussure early this century. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow while parole is the concrete use of the conventions the application of the rules. Language is abstract; it is not the languagepeople actually use, but parole is concrete; it refers to the naturally occurring language.答案：langue is social product|competence as a property of the mind |sociological point of view |psychological point of view【题型：判断】【分数：10分】 得分：0分22Major lexical categories are open categories.答：T答案：T【题型：判断】【分数：10分】 得分：0分23Inflection is a particular way of word-format morphemesions.答：F答案：F【题型：单选】【分数：2分】 得分：2分24Conventionally a _is put in slashes.AallophoneBphoneCphonemeDmorpheme答：C答案：C【题型：单选】【分数：2分】 得分：2分25The meaning of a word or phrase depends largely on the communicative _.AcontentBcontextCresponseDanswer答：B答案：B【题型：单选】【分数：2分】 得分：2分26Lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or _which can not be determined by the context.AhomonymyBantonymyCmeronymyDsynonymy答：A答案：A【题型：单选】【分数：2分】 得分：2分27The two clauses in a _ sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence.AsimpleBcompleteCcomplexDcoordinate答：D答案：D【题型：单选】【分数：2分】 得分：2分28The word TB is formed in the way of _.AacronymyBcl