人教版选修八Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors language points课时作业 (3).docx

unit 5 meeting your ancestors language points课时作业i.阅读理解aa new study revealed that the formation of the earth，sun and moon that cause changes in earths tides can also trigger a special kind of earthquake along the californias san andreas fault(断层).the study，published in the journal proceedings of the national academy of science，is based on previous researcher suggesting that the gravitational tug of sun and moon is not only affecting the sea levels of earth，but can also stretch and compress that earths crust，producing tremors and quakes.furthermore，the new study showed that small tremors deep underground were more likely to occur during certain periods of the tidal cycle.for the study，the researchers looked at about 81,000 lowfrequency earthquakes from 2008 to 2015 along the parkfield section of the san andreas fault and compared it to the twoweek tidal cycle known as the “fortnightly tide”. lowfrequency earthquakes are named due to the rumbling sound they make and not by the rate of its occurrence. these kinds of earthquake only occur about 15 to 30 kilometers below ground and are no larger than magnitude 1 in the richter scale.the researchers discovered that lowfrequency earthquakes tend to occur during the waxing period of the tidal cycle，when the tides are getting little by little. it is already known that the strongest earth tides occur when the sun and moon are in a straight line，while the tide is at its weakest state when the sun and moon are 90 degrees apart.according to the researchers，lowfrequency earthquakes show that some part of the san andreas fault is creeping，or slowly moving，almost all the time.with the help of the tidal forces，lowfrequency earthquakes could provide more information about the deeper part of the fault.“they tell us that the fault continues down below where the regular or typical earthquakes stop on the san andreas，about 10 or 12 km (about 6 to 7 miles)，” said david shelly，a seismologist at usgs and helped write the study，in a statement.“and they tell us a lot of things about that deep part of the fault that we had no idea existed at all before.”“its almost like having a lot of little creep meters embedded in the fault，” shelly said.“we can use these lowfrequency earthquakes as measurements of，at least in a relative sense，how much slip is happening at each little spot on the deep part of the fault where we see these events. when we dont see them，we dont know whats happening；we dont know whether its slipping silently or not slipping at all.”the information is incredibly useful，he added. whenever the deep part of the fault slips，the stress gets transferred to the shallow part of the fault.“so if all of a sudden，we saw that the deep part of the fault was slipping a huge amount，it might be an indication that there was an increased chance of having an earthquake come at the shallower part of the fault，” he said.1.what causes tremors and quakes according to the passage?a.the formation of the earth，sun and moon.b.the change of the sea levels of earth.c.the effect of the gravitational tug of sun and moon on earths crust.d.the movement of creeping in the deep part of the san andreas fault.2.the underlined word “they” in paragraph 6 refers to .a.the researchersb.the tidal forcesc.the lowfrequency earthquakesd.the typical earthquakes3.lowfrequency earthquakes occur when .a.the tides are getting bigger graduallyb.the sun and moon are in a straight linec.the sun and moon are 90 degrees apartd.the san andreas fault moves slowly4.according to shelly，the most important function of the study is .a.to find out where the typical earthquakes occurb.to indicate when the regular earthquakes occurc.to uncover how lowfrequency earthquakes occurd.to offer more information about the deeper part of the faultdmichael herr，who has died aged 76，was the author of dispatches(1977)，the best book about the vietnam war.herr also made vital contributions to two of the best films on the war，apocalypse now and full metal jacket.it took herr eight years to write dispatches，in part because he went home from saigon with a bad case of stress disorder. he had gone to vietnam as a correspondent for esquire magazine.an american general asked him whether he was there to write about military fashion，and another whether he was there to write humour. no，he told them. he wrote little for esquire，but took advantage of the us governments decision to allow correspondents extraordinary access to go to war with the soldiers. he shared their discomforts and their fears，witnessed their death and recorded their language.his own language，a stream of consciousness pulsing with energy，but masterfully controlled，captured the fear and the horror，but also the excitement，of the war in the jungle and paddy fields.“so much beauty”，he recalled，“and so much pleasure”.he recorded with a connoisseurs expertise(行家专长) such details as the many ways in which soldiers would wish each other good luck，and the degrees of madness that were considered acceptable.he identified with the young soldiers and learned in the first few days that you could not affect neutrality(中立).“if you are neutral，you dont get it，” said he.he generally did not carry a weapon，though on occasion he did fire at vietnamese in emergencies.the young soldiers，he said，“are my guns”.the power of the book，perhaps，comes from herrs insistence on describing the war，or more precisely his own responses to it，rather than protesting(抗议) against it.it also comes from the ceaseless accompaniment of two elements，drugs and musicmore particularly rock music，and especially the music of jimi hendrix. herr himself spent drugfuelled weekends in a flat in saigon，staring at an ancient french map of indochina，and he never caught a helicopter without a hendrix record.he met soldiers with a left pocket full of dexedrine，the “upper” officially administered by the army to get them into battle，and a right pocket full of “downers” to get them through it.dispatches did not come out until 1977，when the country was beginning to keep its mind on other problems，but it did more，perhaps，than any other book to freeze an image of despair and a sense of waste about the war，rather as the trench poets of 19141918 did in britain.herr also made vital contributions to two of the most influential vietnam films.he wrote martin sheens voiceover for francis ford coppolas apocalypse now and later wrote the screenplay for stanley kubricks full metal jacket. his work，in the book and the two films，has been seen as part of the process whereby the us came to see itself and its history no longer merely through traditional literature，but in sounds and images，in ways that prefigured(预示) the internet.in 1980 herr moved to london，where he stayed until he moved back to the us in 1991.it was there that he met stanley kubrick，who became a close friend，though herr warned against doing business with him. herr wrote kubricks biography，but he wrote surprisingly little else after dispatches.5.why did michael herr go to vietnam during the war years?a.to join the soldiers in military actions.b.to report military actions and advances.c.to give an authentic account of the war.d.to write about military fashion and humour.6.what can we infer from michael herrs statement underlined in paragraph ?a.it was impossible to remain neutral during the war.b.it was unnecessary to show pity for the war victims.c.neutrality is a means to keep you safe during the war.d.neutrality can help the civilians free from sufferings.7.which of the following about dispatches is true?a.it fully describes herrs protest against the war.b.its language is casually selected and organized.c.music and drugs give the author inspiration.d.it truly reflects herrs responses to the war.8.us soldiers brought drugs with them during the war most probably because .a.they were addicted to drugsb.they suffered stress disorderc.they used them to cure the woundsd.they exchanged them for music records9.which of the following can best describe herrs attitude towards the war?a.supportive. b.uninterested.c.disapproving. d.neutral.50.what can we learn from the last two paragraphs?a.herrs work offered americans more ways to know themselves.b.herr stopped writing after the book dispatches was published.c.herr rejected his friends request to write a biography for him.d.herrs work played a positive role in the birth of the internet.ii.任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。the world would have been so much better if we all knew how to say and do the right thing at the right time. however，that is not the case，especially when it comes to instilling(逐步培养) proper behavior in kids. behavior modification(bm) techniques were recently created to help in instilling proper behavior in children as well as adults.behavior modification refers to establishing various appropriate behaviors in individuals and discouraging those that are not desired. behavior modification techniques are developed largely according to the principles of operant conditioning by b.f. skinner，an american behaviorist.these techniques are used in behavior modification treatment that aims to correct and instill appropriate behavior in children.the commonly used behavior modification techniques are positive reinforcement(强化)，negative reinforcement and punishment. positive reinforcement refers to reinforcing a proper behavior that most desire through the process of rewarding it. this can be done by praising the individual as soon as he performs a desired behavior. negative reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or a behavior because the desired behavior was performed.for example，not letting a child help in washing dishes because he behaved well at a family gathering is a form of negative reinforcement. punishment is something we all can relate to.yes，it is just what it means. however，when put in words，punishment refers to subjecting(使服从于) an individual to a negative condition because of an inappropriate behavior.the behavior modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement. however，parents should realize that these techniques cant be relied upon totally for child behavior modification. though the behavior modification techniques lead to quick results，a parent should continuously try to cultivate(培养) in his child the ability to appreciate the reason why such behavior is expected of him. this can be done through effective communication and greater focus on the parentchild relationship. as a parent，dont make the reward a monetary one.try to make it look more like a privilege than a reward. a parent should also be consistent with his technique and apply it whenever there is a chance so that the child gets a clear idea of what is expected and what is not.although we talk so much about the role of a parent in bringing positive behavior modification to children，both parents and teachers have equally important roles to play. teachers play their role through preventive classroom management，teaching skills for solving social problems like alternative thinking，and continuous monitoring of a childs behavior. it is true that there are various behavior modification techniques available for encouraging proper behavior in children.however，there is nothing that can take the place of proper parenting and an affectionate(慈爱的) environment.techniques for modifying behavior1. of bmestablishing various appropriate behaviors and discouraging undesirable ones，aiming to correct and instill proper behavior in individuals.types of bm techniquespositive reinforcement：reinforcing a 2. behavior by means of rewarding it.negative reinforcement：3. a negative consequence or a behavior.punishment：subjecting an individual to a negative condition 4. to an improper behavior.bm techniquesfor childrenfor parents：realizing these techniques are helpful in leading to quick results，but they are not totally 5. .effective wayscommunicating 6. with children and focusing more on the parentchild relationship.making the reward more of a privilege rather than a reward.remembering to 7. to the same technique and apply it whenever there is a chance.bm techniquesfor childrenfor teachers：realizing both parents and teachers have equally important roles.effective waysplaying their role through classroom management designed for the 8. of potential problems.teaching 9. skills needed in our society.monitoring childrens behavior continuously.10. proper parenting and an affectionate environment play an irreplaceable role in encouraging proper behavior in children.iii.书面表达(满分25分)(饮食)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。a new study has found that energy drinks and sports drinks cause damage to teeth，with energy drinks being twice as damaging as sports drinks.a report found that the high acidity(酸) levels in the drinks do great harm to tooth enamel(釉质)，the smooth out layer that protects teeth.lead author dr. poonam jain said，“young adults consume these drinks believing that they will improve their sports performance and that they are better for them than other drinks.most of these patients are shocked to learn that these drinks are bathing their teeth with acid.” this has led to an increase in tooth decay (蛀牙) and the need for fillings.the report says 30 to 50 percent of american teenagers always drink sports and energy drinks，with as many as 62 percent drinking at least one sports drink a day.it also says brushing teeth after drinking one of the drinks does more harm than good as this will get the acid all over the tooth enamel. the doctors advised people to wait at least an hour before brushing your teeth.dr. jennifer bone of americas academy of general dentistry recommended people chew sugarfree chewing gum and rinse(漱) the mouth with water after drinking the drinks.写作内容1.用约30个单词概述上文的主要内容。2.用约120个单词就“饮用功能饮料”这个话题谈谈你的看法。内容包括如下要点：(1)功能饮料的利弊；(2)你平时会饮用功能饮料吗？为什么？(3)在读过这篇文章后，你是否会饮用功能饮料？为什么？写作要求1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。1.c细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.the gravitational tug of sun and moon is not only affecting the sea levels of earth，but can also stretch and compress that earths crust，producing tremors and quakes.”可知，太阳和月亮的引力对地壳的影响会造成震动和地震。故选c。2.c代词指代题。根据第五段第二句及第六段中的“they tell us that the fault continues down below where the regular or typical earthquakes.”可推知，此处的“they”指的是lowfrequency earthquakes(低频地震)。故选c。3.a推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“研究人员发现，低频率地震倾向于在潮汐周期的满月期，当潮汐正一点点集聚时发生。”可推知，低频地震发生时潮汐正逐渐地变强。故选a。4.d细节理解题。根据倒数第三段及倒数第二段可知，这个研究的主要功能是为研究深层断裂带提供有效的信息。故选d。5.c细节理解题。根据第二段可知，michael herr作为随军记者去了越南并真实地记录了这场战争中的点点滴滴。6.a句意理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“.you could not affect neutrality(中立).”可知，michael herr认识到在战场上是没有中立的立场的，再结合画线句的字面含义可知，此处指的是在战争中保持中立是不可能的。7.d细节理解