英语国家概况(1)课程第1次形成性考核答案与讲评.doc

英语国家概况（1）课程形成性考核题 英语国家概况（1）课程第1次形成性考核答案与讲评（Unit 01-05）The United Kingdom (I)I. True or False: Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I (T) 01. Britain is no longer an imperial country. (Unit 1) (T) 02.The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied the majority of the British people. (Unit 1) (T) 03. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. (Unit 1) (F) 04. Scotland was once conquered by the Romans. (Unit 1) Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. (T) (F) 05. Cardiff, the capital of Scotland, is a large city. (Unit 1) Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. (T) (F) 06. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh to tradition. (Unit 1) The title of Prince of Wales is held by the Kings or Queens eldest son. (T) Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II (T) 07. “Ulster”, referring to Northern Island, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. (Unit 2) (F) 08. The Majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited British Isles before the English arrived 2000 years ago. (Unit 2) The Majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. (T) (F) 09. Most British people are Catholics while most Irish people are Protestants. (Unit 2) Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. (T) (F) 10. Sinn Fein is an illegal political party in Northern Ireland now. (Unit 2) Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland now. (T) (T) 11. The Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist Protestant community their right to decide their future in Northern Island. (Unit 2) (T) 12. The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1988. (Unit 2) Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom (F) 13. In Britain, the process of state-building has been a revolution rather than an evolution, in contrast to that of France. (Unit 3) In Britain, the process of state-building has been an evolution rather than a revolution, in contrast to that of France. (T) (T) 14. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy. (Unit 3) (F) 15. James I was executed in the civil war of Britain. (Unit 3) Charles I was executed in the civil war of Britain. (T) (T) 16. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. (Unit 3) (F) 17. Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister appoints the Cabinet. (Unit 3) Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. (T) (T) 18. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. (Unit 3) Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race (T) 19. In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. (Unit 4) (T) 20. Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. (Unit 4) (F) 21. The amount of spent in national campaign is not limited as well as that on TV. (Unit 4) The amount of spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. (T) (T) 22. Children from upper-middle class usually have a better education than those from the working class or middle class. (Unit 4) (F) 23. The majority of middle-class people today have upper-class parents or grandparents. (Unit 4) The majority of middle-class people today have working-class parents or grandparents. (T) (F) 24. Most immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming writers or musicians. (Unit 4) Some immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming writers or musicians. (T) Unit 5 The UK Economy (T) 25. By the 1880s, the British economy was dominant in the world. (Unit 5) (F) 26. Both the U.S. and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. (Unit 5) Only the U.S. overtook Britain in economy by 1900. (T) (T) 27. Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947. (Unit 5) (T) 28. In the 1970s, with the soaring price of oil and high rate of inflation, Britain went through a bad period. (Unit 5) (F) 29. The secondary industry produces approximately two-thirds of the national wealth. (Unit 5) The tertiary industry produces approximately two-thirds of the national wealth. (T) (T) 30. The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force. (Unit 5) II. Choose the best answer:Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I 01.Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? (Unit 1)Key D A. The cultural centre. B. The business centre. C. The financial centre. D. The football centre. 02.Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristic of Britain? (Unit 1)Key B A. Economic differences between north and south. B. Difference of social systems between Scotland and Wales. C. Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker. D. Cultural differences between immigrants and the British. 03.Which of the following can NOT be found in London? (Unit 1)Key AA. Teahouses. B. Art galleries. C. Museums. D. Theatres. 04.Which is the largest city in Scotland? (Unit 1)Key C A. Cardiff. B. Edinburgh. C. Glasgow. D. Manchester. 05.Which of the following statements is NOT true? (Unit 1)Key B A. Wales was invaded by the Romans. B. Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons. C. Wales was conquered by the Normans. D. Wales was threatened by the English. 06.When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament? (Unit 1) Key BA. In 1688. B. In 1707. C. In 1715. D. In 1745. Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II07.In the 17th century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland because _. (Unit 2) Key A A. they wanted to increase its control over Ireland B. they had too many people and didnt have enough space for them to live in Britain C. they intended to expand their investment D. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them 08.Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for _. (Unit 2)Key D A. its most famous landmark, the “Giants Causeway” B. its rich cultural life C. its low living standard D. its endless political problems 09.Faced with conflicting demands, the British government chose a compromise and organised a partition of Ireland in 1921 because _. (Unit 2)Key B A. the British government wouldnt be able to control Ireland any longer by force B. the British government intended to satisfy both sidesCatholics and Protestants C. Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of Ireland D. Protestants welcomed the idea of partition 10.Why did the British government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct-rule” from London? (Unit 2) Key D A. The power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants. B. The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively. C. The Power-sharing policy couldnt be carried out. D. All the above. 11.Which of the following agreements is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland? (Unit 2)Key CA. The Anglo-Irish Agreement B. The Belfast Agreement C. The Good Friday Agreement D. The Multi-Party Agreement 12.According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by the following jurisdictions except _. (Unit 2)Key B A. the jurisdiction of the Republic of Ireland B. the jurisdiction of loyalist ministers C. the jurisdiction of Great Britain D. the jurisdiction of Northern Ireland Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom 13.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? (Unit 3)Key A A. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power. B. It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world. D. It has no written form of Constitution. 14.What happened in 1215? (Unit 3)Key B A. It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history. B. Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta. C. Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants. D. King Egbert united England under his rule. 15.Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed? (Unit 3)Key B A. James II. B. William of Orange. C. Oliver Cromwell. D. George I. 16.Which of the following in NOT related to the Constitution? (Unit 3)Key A A. It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government. B. It is the foundation of British government today. C. Conventions and laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution. D. The common laws are part of the constitution. 17.Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queens role? (Unit 3)Key A A. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. B. The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the United Kingdom. C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister. D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England. 18.Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? (Unit 3) Key C A. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings. B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. C. The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public. D. Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males. Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race 19.Which group of people cannot vote in the General Election? (Unit 4)Key B A. Members in the House of Commons. B. Lords in the House of Lords. C. The UK citizens above the age of 18. D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic. 20.By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided? (Unit 4)Key A A. The House of Commons. B. The House of Lords. C. The two major parties. D. The Prime Minister. 21.Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaign? (Unit 4)Key A A. Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television. B. There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their campaign. C. Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them. D. Candidates criticise each others policies to show how good their policies are. 22.How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election? (Unit 4)Key AA. 326 B. 351 C. 626 D. 650 23.Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK? (Unit 4)Key B A. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspapers. B. Class division is only decided by peoples income. C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a persons life chances. D. The way people speak may identify them as belonging to a particular class. 24.Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? (Unit 4)Key B A. There is now a varied cuisine for people to choose from. B. Class tension has increased. C. New forms of popular music have emerged. D. Different religious beliefs have been practices actively. Unit 5 The UK Economy 25.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? (Unit 5) Key C A. Britain remained one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies. B. Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945. C. There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards. D. Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita. 26.Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? (Unit 5)Key D A. Beef cattle. B. Dairy cattle. C. Chicken. D. Sheep. 27.Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? (Unit 5)Key A A. In the southeast of England. B. In the northeast of England. C. In the southeast of Scotland. D. In the northeast of Scotland. 28.In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain? (Unit 5) Key B A. The U.S. and Germany. B. The U.S. and Russia. C. Germany and Russia. D. France and Germany. 29.Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War? (Unit 5)Key A A. Imperial Airways. B. British Airways. C. Hawker-Siddeley Corporation. D. The British Aircraft Corporation. 30.Which of the following two companies merged into British Aerospace? (Unit 5)Key A A. The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation B. The British Aircraft Corporation and Rolls Royce. C. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and GEC Avionics. D. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation and Rolls Royce. III. Explain the following terms:Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom I 01.Anglo-Saxons (Unit 1) They were two groups of Germanic people who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 02.King Harold (Unit 1) He was the Saxon King whose army was defeated in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded England from France. Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom II 03.The Provisional IRA (Unit 2) In 1919, a group calling itself the IRA (Irish Republic Army) expanded fighting for the Irish freedom and independence. The Provisional IRA is the radical faction of the IRA. They prefer the use of force and believe that armed force is the only way to get the British out and to have a unified Ireland. 04.The Good Friday Agreement (Unit 2) As a result of multi-party negotiation, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April, 1998. This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it wont change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree. Under the terms of agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers. Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom 05.The Bill of Rights of 1689 (Unit 3) In 1688, King James IIs daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament. The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. 06.The functions of Parliament (Unit 3) The functions of Parliament are: to pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinise government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. 07.The House of Lords (Unit 3) The house of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England, and the Lords Temporal, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers or they have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public. 08.The House of Commons (Unit 3) The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Election and should represent the interest of the people who vote for them. Unit 4 Politics, C