译林版必修三Unit 1 The world of our senses grammar学案.doc

unit 1 the world of our senses grammar学案important words:increasehouse walk fetch volunteersniff prove reduce add link recognizeignore sweat sink rock hang attack attract gratefuladd display bang bite overallfiercedrown bump sneak deadly hit focus avoid stick sniff important phrasesfor as long as possiblecant take the pain any moreanother 60 volunteersmake the most of our sensesbecome stressed have high blood pressurebe linked towarm up so far (so far as i know)more thanrather thanother thancannot help doing .cannot help (to) doa hot cup of souplose sight of the campsweat with fearall of a suddenbe frozen with (by) fearin the distancset sail foradd to ( addto )used to do (be) be (get) used to doinggo missingring outmake good progresswork out a planbe grateful to sb. (for sth.)in the near futurebang intothe process of evolutionthe great white shark compared to other dangersmy goodness.be attracted to water sportshit the shark on the nosefocus on important patterns:1. while having dinner, listen to some enjoyable music rather than watch tv.2. there was such a terrible snowstorm that i could hardly see.3. i felt so tired that i couldnt help wondering whether or not i could get to my destination.4. this was the first storm i had seen from a ship.5. he was very interesting to listen to.6. there is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightning than being attacked by a shark.grammar名词性wh-从句 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。例如：主语： how the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：in ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：the club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。表语： my question is who will take over president of the foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：she will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：i have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：im not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：that depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。2）wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末。例如：it is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。it remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。iv. if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：主语：whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：let us know whether / if you can finish the article before friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：the point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：they are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语： shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： i worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheor not构成。例如： please tell me whether / if they are swedish or danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 i dont care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。v. 否定转移 1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如： i dont think i know you.我想我并不认识你。 i don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。例如： i hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2）将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。例如： it doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 it doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。例如： i dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。（not否定动名词短语 having） its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。例如： the ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。 he was not ready to believe something just because aristotle said so. （否定because状语） 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。 she had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。巩固练习单项选择填空1. a cook can be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.a. smokeb. smokingc. to smoked. smoked2. last night my office _ and all the papers were found _.a. broke into, lying aboutb. broke into; lay aboutc. was broken into; lying aboutd. was broken into, lay about3. with a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having hard time.a. settledb. settlingc. to settled. being settled4. it was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished.a. forb. withc. fromd. of5. what you have done is _ what we expected you to do.a. more thanb. morec. mostd. but also6. she was _ sad than angry when her son lied to her again.a. muchb. morec. mostd. the more7. -how far apart do they live? - _ i know, they live in the same neighbourhood.a. as long asb. as far asc. as well asd. as often as8. without enough evidence, the man could not _ himself to be innocent.a. sayb. makec. proved. tell9. on the long journey, he _,a most amusing companion.a. practisedb. actedc. provedd. led10. the engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _ the helplessness of the crew at sea.a. added tob. resulted fromc. turned outd. made up11. his coming late _ our trouble.a. added up tob. added toc. addedd. added up12. do you think you could _ his voice on the phone?a. knowb. rememberc. recognized. realize13.-oh, its you. i _ you. -ive just had my hair cut and im wearing new glasses.a. didnt recognizeb. hadnt recognizedc. havent recognizedd. dont recognized14.it would be a mistake _ my advice.a. to ignoreb. to passc. to be ignorantd. to inform15. the dutch language is _ german.a. close related tob. closely related withc. ose related withd. closely related to16. the theme of the dialogue should be _ to the theme of the reading passage.a. relatedb. calledc. joinedd. checked17. no matter how i tried to read it, the sentence didnt _ to me.a. understandb. make outc. turnt outd. make sense18. its my first holiday for two years, so i, going to _ it.a. make the use ofb. made the most ofc. make much ofd. made advantage of19. the manager of the company told us thar very little _ was made of the waste material in the past.a. costb. valuec. used. matter20. know it isnt important but i cant help _ about it.a. thinkb. to thinkc. thinkingd. to thinking21.-sorry to have kept you waiting.-it doesnt matter. im quite used to _.a. waitb. waitingc. be wartingd. have waited22. some of the heat near the earths surface can _ electricity.a. used to makeb. be used to makingc. used to makingd. be used to make23. he often works _ into the night, which moves us _.a. deep; deepb. deeply; deeplyc. deep; deeplyd. deeply; deep24. i was so _ moved by the story that i could not fall asleep _ into the night.a. deep; deepb. deeply; deeplyc. deep; deeplyd. deeply; deep25.drilling oil wells was _ work that he couldnt finish it by himself.a. such difficultb. such a difficultc. so difficult ad. so difficult26. i once had _ exciting experience with my friends staying on the farm.a. such ab. so anc. suchd. such an27.the computer has made life _ we can do shopping at home.a. such easily thatb. so easily thatc. such easy thatd. so easy that28. while _ the street, he was hit by a car.a. crossingb. crossc. crossedd. to across29.-will you attend the evening party? -no, _.a. even if invitedb. if invitedc. after invited tod. until invited30. the meeting _ tomorrow is about how to make use of solar energy.a. heldb. being heldc. to be heldd. holding名词性从句练习1_hedoeshasnothingtodowithme. a.whateverb.nomatterwhatc.thatd.if 2.themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow_ a.didthequarrelcameaboutb.thequarrelhadcomeabout c.hadthequarrelcomeaboutd.hadthequarrelcomeabout 3.energyis_makesthingwork. a.whatb.somethingc.anythingd.that 4.informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities. a.whileb.thatc.whend.as 5.thisis_ theshenzhouvspaceshiplanded. a.thereb.inwhichc.whered.when 6.theyhavenoideaatall_. a.wherehehasgoneb.wheredidhego c.whichplacehashegoned.wherehashegone 7.thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfear_hewoulddieofthedisease. a.thatb.whichc.ofwhichd.ofthat 8.theordercame_thesoldiers_ thesmallvillagethenextmorning. a.that;hadtoleaveb.that;shouldleave c./;mustleaved.when;shouldleave 9._isnopossibility_ bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch. a.there;thatb.it;thatc.there;whetherd.it;whether 10.thequestioncameupatthemeeting _wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch. a.thatb.whichc.whetherd.if 11.is_hesaidreallytrue? a.thatb.whatc.whyd.whether 12._themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter. a.thatb.whetherc.ifd.where 13.itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray. a.whileb.ifc.thatd.for 14._morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen. a.whetherb.thisc.whod.if 15._hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus. a.whatb.thatc.whetherd.if 16._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness. a.whatb.thatc.whod.how 17._alltheinventionshaveincommonis_theyhavesucceeded. a.what;whatb.that;thatc.what;thatd.that;what18._appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch. a.whatb.itc.allthatd.that 19.itiswidely_thatsmokingcancausecancer. a.believedb.thinkc.sayd.hoped 20._causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery. a.whatb.thatc.howd.where 21._healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown. a.whatb.thatc.whichd.who 22._haspassedthetestwillgetaprize. a.whoeverb.nomaterwhoc.whomeverd.who 23.is_truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek? athatbitchisdhe 24.ithasnotbeendecided_theywillleavefornewyork. a.whenbwhycthatdwhat 25.obviously_wedomorningexerciseseveryday_usgood. a.thatdob.if;docwhat;doesd.that;dose 26itissaid_wasall_hesaid. athat;that;thatbwhat;what;whatcthat;which;whatdthat;that;which 27_getshomefirstistocookthesupper. a.whobwhomc.thosewhod.whoever 28_ movedusmostwas_ helookedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears. a.that;thatb.what;thatcwhat;whatd.that;what 29._youdiditisnotknowntoall. a.whob.whatc.howd.which 30._youdoshouldbewelldone. ahowb.thatc.whateverdwhy 31.thereasoniplantogois_ shewillbedisappointedifidont. a.becauseb.thatc.thankstod.what 32.whattimedoyouthink_? a.willtomcomebackb.tomwillcomeback c.istomcomingbackd.cantomgethere 33.theteachersaidthatlight_fasterthansound. a.hastraveledb.traveledc.hadtraveledd.travels 34._isstillaquestion _willwin. a.it;thatb.it;whoc.that;whod.this;that 35.ifyouknow_itwasthatwriteataleoftwocities,raiseyourhand. a.whomb.whichc.whod.that 36.insomecountries,_arecalled“publicschools”arenotownedbythestate. a.thatb.whichc.asd.what 37.thinking _youknow_ infactyoudontisaterriblemistake. a.that;thatb.what;whatc.that;whatd.whatthat 38.whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust_ worriesthepublic. a.whyb.whichc.thatd.what 39.whydontyoubring _tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit? a.thatb.whatc.thatd.it 40._davidsayssoundsrighttohelen.thatswhyshehasmadeuphermindtolivewithhim _happens. a.whatever;whateverb.nomatterwhat;whatever c.nomatterwhat;nomatterwhatd.whatever;however 41.thatis_iwasbornandgrewup. a.thereb.inwhichc.whered.theplace 42._shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy. a.whatb.thatc.whend.because 43._wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore. a.thatb.whatc.whichd.whether 44.-haveyoufoundyourbookyet? -no,imnotsure_icouldhaveleftit. a.whetherb.wherec.whend.why 45.thedoctorcouldntanswerthequestion_ thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight. a.ifb.thatc.whetherd.what 46.ifirmlybelieve_ hesaidatthemeetingwasright. a.thatb.whichc.thatwhatd.whatthat 47.-whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice? -_ iwaslastnight. a.thatb.whenc.whered.what 48.ithink,thoughicouldbemistaken,_ helikedme. a.whob.whichc.thatd.what 49.atthemeeting,wediscussed _weshouldemploymoreworkers. a.ifb.whether c.thatd./ 50.after_ seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile. a.whichb.itc.whatd.that 用适当连词填空1. _ he is ready to help others is well-known. 2. _ he will attend the meeting is not decided.3. _ team will win the match is still unknown.4. _ we need is your help.5. _ he became a famous musician is known to all.6. its a pity _ she has made such a mistake. 7. that is _ i didnt attend the meeting.8. _ breaks the rule, he must be punished.9. the possibility _ the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.10. i have no idea _ he will be back.11. _ i am most interested in is american movies.12. _ he says is of no importance.13. _ he will come is certain.14. _ he is often late for class is more than i can tell.15. _ is going to attend the important meeting has not been decided by the manager.16. it is possible _ they will complete the building in three months. 17. the news _ a professor from usa will visit our school spreads all over the campus.18. it depends on _ he is ready or not.19. you should make a decision _ you will go or stay.20. the idea _ we can master a foreign language in a short time is totally wrong.选用适当的介词完成下列句子。1. _ lunchtime, we found he didnt show up. 2. the mist _ the river banks had gone by mid morning.3. i noticed that her face went red _cold.4. while crossing the streets in the city, you must watch out _ the vehicles. 5. i dont think you were listening to me just now. instead, you were staring _ space.6. the policeman said there was no evidence the shooting was linked _ anything else.7. the bus didnt arrive on time. tom became anxious and glanced _ his watch from time to time.8. people like to listen to beethovens music just _ pleasure.9. he always won the music competitions, and he quickly became known _ the best pianist in his country.10. havent you seen the soldier _ watch at that gate? hes so still that he looks like a statue.翻