译林版必修三unit 2 language project学案.docx

unit 2 language project学案.choose the best answers according to the development of chinese characters.1the main difference between the chinese language and many western languages should be that _ according to the passage.awestern languages are usually formed by combining and mixing many different languages from different countriesbthe characters the chinese language uses have meanings and can work alone as words, while western languages cantcthe chinese language has a longer history than western languagesdthe chinese language is easier to be understood than the english language2from the story of cang jie we know the first chinese characters were invented to represent _.aobjectsbideascactions dpictures3how many kinds of chinese characters are mentioned in the passage?a1. b2.c3. d4.4which is the correct explanation about the forming of the character “休”？aa man lying on the ground with his arms crossed.ba man lying against a tree.ca man running.da tree lying beside a man.5the passage is mainly talking about _.ahow the chinese characters were inventedbhow the chinese characters have developedchow the chinese characters have been influenced by western languagesdhow the simplified chinese characters were introduced答案：1.b2.a3.b4.b5.b.fill in each blank with no more than three words.the development of chinese charactersbrief introduction to chinese charactersthe chinese language uses 1.characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.chinese words are formed by 2.putting_together different characters.the origins of chinese characterschinese 3.writing began thousands of years ago.a man named cang jie thought different shapes or pictures could be used to 4.represent_different_objectsthe formationand development of chinese charactersthe first chinese characters were 5.drawings of physical objects.the characters have developed from drawings into 6.standard_formscharacters were made by 7.combining two or more characters together.other characters were developed for 8.directions and numbers.pronunciationone part of a character indicates the meaning and the other suggests the 9.pronunciationsimplified chinesecharactersthey were 10.introduced by the chinese government in the 1950s.单词拼写1he hunted (搜寻) for a lost book and finally found it.2this painting represents (展现) a hunting scene.3people who cannot distinguish (区别) between colours are said to be colourblind.4she has many shortcomings (缺点), but were all very fond of her.5her eyesight (视力) grew so bad that she could hardly see.6the little boy was being dragged (拖) away from the toy store.7deeds (行动) are better than words when people are in need of help.拓展词汇8differ vi.相异，有区别difference n差别，不同different adj.不同的，有差别的differently adv.不同地，有差别地9appearance n外观，外貌appear vi.出现；出场10drawing n绘画，绘画艺术draw v绘画，画11simplify vt.简化simplification n简化simple adj.简单的12combine vt.& vi.组合；(使)联合combination n组合13indicate vt.显示，表示；象征，暗示indication n征兆，迹象；指示indicator n指示者；指示器，显示器14press vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力 n报刊；新闻界；出版社pressure n压力；挤压；压强；压迫(感)15convenient adj.方便的convenience n方便，便利inconvenient adj.不方便的16practical adj.切实可行的，实用的practically adv.讲究实际地；从实际出发地practice n实际；练习；惯例；实习practise v实践；实习，练习巧记单词词根词形变化构词点拨appearappearance动词ance构成名词simplesimplify形容词变e为ify构成动词convenientconvenience形容词变t为ce构成形容词.补全短语1differ from与不同，不同于2as a whole 作为整体，总体上3stand for 代表，象征4instead of 代替，而不是5turn into 变成6think of 想到7in the 1950s 在二十世纪五十年代8as a result of 由于1教材原句not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。句型点拨部分否定。佳句赏析not all birds fly away to the south in winter.冬天不是所有的鸟都飞往南方。2教材原句therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.于是就产生了另外一种方法：字的一部分表意，而另一部分表音。句型点拨have sb. do . “让某人做”。佳句赏析if you cant work out this problem, you can have your brother help you.如果你解不出这道题，你可以让你的兄弟帮助你。3教材原句while the students found the soldiers idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这个系统太复杂而不实用。句型点拨be ofn.(抽象名词)结构。佳句赏析basic research is of great importance in all scientific fields.在各个科学领域里，基础研究是非常重要的。the development of chinese charactersthe chinese language differs from western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. in many cases, a single character can also make up a word. the history of the chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.chinese writing began thousands of years ago. according to an ancient story, a man named cang jie invented chinese writing. one winter day while he was hunting, he saw the tracks of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance of each one was different. then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. the first chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. some characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time. however, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. the character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together.this became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. for example, rest was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. the character prisoner was formed with a man inside a square. other characters were developed for directions and numbers. it is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for up and down， which are opposites of each other.though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. many chinese characters used today were made this way.in the 1950s the chinese government introduced simplified chinese characters and now they have widespread use in chinas mainland.汉字的演变汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示观点、物体或行为。汉语中的汉字是通过把不同的汉字组合而构成的。在许多情况下，单个的汉字也可以构成一个单词。通过考察汉语中单个汉字的发展过程就可以明白汉语的历史。汉字书写起始于数千年前。根据古代传说，一个名叫仓颉的人发明了汉字。冬季的一天，他在打猎的时候看到雪地上的动物的足迹，并注意到每个足迹的外观是不同的。于是，他想到可以用不同的形状代表不同的物体。最初的汉字只是表现有形物体的图画。随着时间的推移，有些汉字被简化了，有些变得更复杂。然而，整体上看，汉字已经从图画的形式发展成为了标准形式。汉字“山”起初是三座在一起的山峰，接着变为一座山峰和三条线条，随着时间推移又变成了我们今天使用的汉字。并非所有的汉字都从物体的图画演变而来。有时，为了表达想法，有些汉字是结合了两个或更多的符号。例如，“休”是由汉字“人”和“树”结合在一起而构成的。“囚”则表示把“人”的符号放在一个方格里面。还有一些汉字是为了表示方向和数字的。只看外形就能容易地辨别其含义。例如，互为反义词的汉字“上”和“下”。尽管这些类型的汉字能表达意义，但它们的缺点之一就是其字形不具有表音的功能。因此，一种把表意部分和表音部分结合起来的造字法产生了。目前使用的许多汉字就是用这种方法造出来的。在20世纪50年代，中国政府推行简化汉字，现在，简化汉字已在中国内地广泛使用。the story of brailleusually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. however, this is not always true. for example, blind people cannot see, but they can still read books.the man who introduced blind people to reading was louis braille (18091852). braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury. when he was ten, he went to a school for the blind in paris. in those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters. since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. the whole system was not convenient for use.indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it.in 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle. his system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers. each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consisted of twelve dots. the soldiers would drag their fingers over the raised dots to read the message.while the students found the soldiers idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use. however, young louis braille took the idea and worked on it. at the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter. braille， the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born.the blind can easily recognize braille with the fingers. they can also easily write in braille with a special typewriter. today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including chinese, has its own version of braille for its people to use.布莱叶盲文的故事通常，当我们谈到阅读时，我们会想到用眼睛去看纸上墨水写成的字母。然而，情况并不一定总是这样。比如，盲人无法看到东西，但他们仍能阅读书籍。将盲人领入阅读世界的人是路易斯布莱叶(18091852)。布莱叶在三岁时因为受伤而失明。十岁时，他进入巴黎一所盲人学校就读。那时候，供盲人阅读的书籍是用纸压在金属丝上来形成字母。因为金属丝很重，所以每本书都会重达100磅，整个系统使用起来非常不方便。事实上，学校图书馆也只有14本这样的书。1821年，一位士兵参观学校时向学生们展示了一种战时夜间传递信息的方法。他的方法是使用带小凸点的纸张，这些小凸点可以用手指感觉出来。字母表里的每一个字母都由12个点组成的不同形状来表示。因此士兵们可以用手指触摸凸点来阅读信息。虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。然而年轻的布莱叶采纳了这个想法并着手完善它。15岁时，他创造出了可以由6个凸点表示字母的体系。“布莱叶盲人点字法”，这一当今被全世界盲人广泛使用的阅读体系就此诞生了。盲人可以轻松地用手指辨别布莱叶盲文。他们也可以使用特殊的打字机，方便地用布莱叶盲文书写。今天，布莱叶盲文是世界上最为普及的盲人阅读及书写体系，几乎每种语言，包括汉语，都有着自己的布莱叶盲文版本供盲人使用。1(教材p38)the chinese language differs from western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。differ vi.相异，有区别(1)differ from与不同，不同于a and b differ in sth. a和b在某方面不同differ/disagree with sb.about/on sth. 在上同某人持不同意见(2)different adj. 不同的be different from 不同于(3)difference n. 差异，不同之处tell the difference between a and b( tell a from b) 区别a与bmake a/no/some difference 有/没有/有些关系(影响)japanese differs greatly from french in pronunciation.日语发音和法语发音大不相同。my brother and i are alike in appearance, but differ_in our tastes.我们兄弟俩长得很像， 但爱好却大不相同。we differ with your opinion on that point.在那一点上我们和你持不同意见。american english is significantly different_from british english.美国英语与英国英语有很大差异。jim, can you tell the difference between this picture and that one?吉姆，你能说出这幅图画和那幅图画的不同吗？one false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬以千里。stand for代表，象征；主张；支持could you tell me what voa stands for?请你告诉我voa代表什么好吗？people usually eat mooncakes which stand for a happy reunion.人们常常吃象征团圆的月饼。john always stands_for what is right.约翰一贯支持正确的事情。stand by支持；站在旁边；袖手旁观stand by sb. 支持/帮助/忠于某人stand out 突出，显眼；出色， 杰出stand up for 支持，维护we cannot stand_by and allow such a thing.对这样的事我们不能袖手旁观。red flags stand out brightly, setting against the blue sky.红旗在蓝天的映衬下显得分外鲜艳。i think a person should stand_up_for what he believes.我认为一个人应该捍卫他的信念。2(教材p38)then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects.接着他有了用不同形状代表不同物体的想法。represent vt.代表；展示；描述；声称the five rings represent the five continents of the world.五个环代表世界五大洲。this picture represents a scene at king arthurs court.这幅画描绘了亚瑟王法庭的一个场面。represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明；阐述；表达represent oneself as/to be 自称是；声称let me represent my ideas to you in another way.让我用另一种方法向你说明我的想法。the young represented himself as/to_be a lawyer.那个年轻人声称自己是律师。辨析比较represent用来表示“代表某人/某个团体政府等”，“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)展示的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”stand for往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”选择上述词语填空“ufo” stands_for unidentified flying objects.he represented the headmaster at the ceremony.3(教材p38)however, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.不过，从总体上说，汉字是从图画形式渐渐发展为标准字形的。as a whole作为整体，总体上i enjoyed the movie as a whole though i thought the acting could have been better.尽管表演还可以更好一些，但是就总体而言我很喜欢这部电影。your essay is welldone on_the_whole.你的论文基本上写得不错。名师点津as a whole“作为一个整体；整体来说，总体上”，侧重于表示所有部分都已考虑；on the whole与generally同义，表示“大体上，总的来说”，多用来表示并非百分之百的意思。4(教材p38)sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.有时为了表达想法的需要，通过把两个或更多的汉字结合起来而创造了一些汉字。combine vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合；使结合；兼备the teacher asked us to combine the two short sentences to make a new sentence.老师让我们把这两个短句合成一个新的句子。(1)combine a and/with b 把a和b结合/联合；兼有combine to do sth. 联(结)合起来做某事combine against . 为反抗而联合(2)combination n. u联合；结合；c混合体，结合体we consider it necessary to combine_work_with_rest.我们认为劳逸结合是必要的。several factors combined to harm our friendship.几种因素凑到一起，伤害了我们的友谊。he carried on the business in combination with his friends.他与朋友们合伙做生意。名师点津combine不与together连用。5(教材p38)it is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for up and down， which are opposites of each other.这些汉字你只要看一眼它们的外形就很容易辨别出它们所要表达的意思，如互为反义词的两个汉字“上”和“下”就属于这种情况。distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征can you distinguish the different musical instruments being played now?你能区分出正在演奏的各种不同的乐器吗？distinguish between .and . 区分/辨别和distinguish .from .使有别于，使具有区别于的特征distinguish oneself 使出众；使著名at what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？the twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这对孪生儿长得很像，没人能分辨出谁是谁。he distinguished himself by his performance in the examination.他在考试中成绩优异，因而显得突出。6(教材p38)though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced.虽然这几种类型的汉字能够表意，但是它们的缺点之一是其字形不具有表音的功能。indicate vt.显示，表示；象征，暗示her action indicates her great determination.她的行动表明了她极大的决心。a red sky at night indicates fine weather next day.夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。he indicated_that he wanted to do the work.他表示想做这份工作。word familyindication n表示；迹象indicative adj. 显示出的；象征的indications are that the situation hasnt improved much.迹象表明，情况并未有大的改观。7(教材p39)in those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters.在那时，盲人用书是通过将纸张压在金属丝上而使字母凸显出来的。press vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力；敦促；逼迫 n报刊；新闻界；出版社写出下列句中press的含义she pressed grapes to make grape juice.挤压，榨取we are pressed for time; we must hurry up.紧迫the police pressed the crowd back behind the barriers.敦促；逼迫the press in china widely reported these events.新闻界margaret was eagerly pressed to say/into saying something more.大家强烈地要求玛格丽特再讲下去。8(教材p39)the whole system was not convenient for use.整个系统用起来不方便。convenient adj.方便的may i come and talk with you whenever its convenient?在你方便时我能来和你谈谈吗？i live just by the market, and its very convenient to go shopping.我家就住在商场旁边， 买东西很方便。(1)be convenient to/for 对于是方便的it is convenient for sb.to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是方便的(2)convenience n. u便利，方便； c便利的事物for convenience 为了方便起见at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候if it_is_convenient_for_you to drop in, i will be more than delighted.你要是方便造访的话，我将极其高兴。please send me an answer at your convenience.请在方便时回信。名师点津convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用事物作主语或用it来充当形式主语。9therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.于是就产生了另外一种方法：字的一部分表意，而另一部分表音。用法分析句中have是使役动词，与one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation构成“have宾语宾补”结构，宾语是one part of a character和the other, 宾补是indicate the meaning和suggest the pronunciation。have作使役动词的用法：have宾语do .让做have宾语doing .让一直做或处于做的状态have宾语donethe doctor had me take exercise for two hours every day.医生让我每天锻炼两个小时。he was busy when i visited him and had_me_waiting for half an hour.我拜访他时，他正好忙着，让我等了半小时。tomorrow i will have my car repaired.明天，我要去修车。i had_my_wallet_stolen while i was on the subway.乘地铁时我的钱包被偷了。10while the students found the soldiers idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这个系统太复杂而不实用。用法分析句中(be) of practical use属于“(be)ofn.(抽象名词)”结构。(1)of抽象名词该名词相对应的形容词。如：of (great)(very)the dictionary is of great use to us.这本词典对我们很有帮助。the meeting seems to be of much importance.这次会议好像挺重要的。we dont think there is anything of interest in your pictures.我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方。(2)of后加表示度量、种类、形状、颜色等的名词，可用来描述人或事物的特征，在句子中可作表语或定语。如：of .size/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/shape/kind/typethe two boys are of_the_same_age,_but are of different heights.这两个男孩年龄相同，但身高不同。名师点津“of抽象名词”结构中，抽象名词前可用any, some, little, no, not much, great等形容词修饰，用以说明其程度；“of名词(表示度量、大小、颜色、类别等)”结构中，名词前常用a(n), the same, this, that, all, different等词修饰或说明。.单句语法填空1graduates should do something creative in the interview to distinguish themselves from other interviewees.2leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly in size and shape.3the statistics clearly indicate that the poverty in rural areas is less widespread than before.4on the whole, what you said agreed with the answer on the book.5the two pairs of shoes are of the same size.but they are different in colour.6to gain better effects in teaching children, you should combine study with pleasure instead of just giving them dull knowledge.选词填空as a whole; differ from; as a result of; in that; distinguish . from .1the lecture is important in_that the lecturer will tell how to choose your future.2we should take all these matters into consideration as_a_whole rather than separately.3he differs_from his twin brother. h