2015、6大学英语六级阅读题每日一练及答案03 (2).doc

2015年6月大学英语六级阅读题每日一练及答案（1）The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt. More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (强调) his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quicklyperhaps with a two-second glance.Ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed persons behavior with the known others behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the persons responses to specific stimuli (刺激因素) , asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another personquestion, self-disclosures, and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we wont ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e. g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e. g. disclosures and truthful statement).1. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested inA. what he wearsB. how tall he isC. how happy he isD. what color he dyes his hair2. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because_.A. some people are more emotional than othersB. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another personC. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other peoples attitudesD. some people choose to keep to themselves3. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because_.A. we dont accept the idea that we might never fully know another personB. we often get information in a casual and inexact wayC. we pay more attention to other peoples motivations and emotionsD. we often have face-to-face conversation with him4. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things areA. disclosures B. deceptionsC. stimuli D. interactions5. This passage mainly concerns_.A. the relationship between peopleB. the perception of other peopleC. secrets and deceptions of peopleD. peoples attitudes and characters参考答案：1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B（2）The discovery that language can be a barrier to communication is quickly made by all who travel, study, govern or sell. Whether the activity is tourism, research, government, policing, business or data dissemination, the lack of a common language can severely impede progress or can halt it altogether.Although communication problems of this kind must happen thousands of times each day, very few become public knowledge. Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major consequences, such as strikes, lost orders, legal problems or fatal accidents-even, at times, war. One reported instance of communication failure took place in 1970, when several Americans ate a species of poisonous mushroom. No remedy was known, and two of the people died within days. A radio report of the case was heard by a chemist who knew of a treatment that had been successfully used in 1959 and published in 1963. Why had the American doctors not heard of it seven years later? Presumably because the report of the treatment had been published only in journals written in European languages other than English.Several comparable cases have been reported. But isolated examples do not give an impression of the size of the problemsomething that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contacts in different communicative situations. In the English- speaking scientific world, for example, surveys of books and documents consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever consulted. Library requests in the field of science and technology showed that only 13 percent were for foreign language periodicals.The language barrier presents itself in stark form to firms who wish to market their products in other countries. British industry, in particular, has in recent decades often been criticized for its linguistic insularityfor its assumption that foreign buyers will be happy to communicate in English, and that awareness of other languages is not therefore s priority. In the 1960s, over two- thirds of British firms dealing with non-English-speaking customers were using English for outgoing correspondence; many had their sales literature only in English; and as many as 40 percent employed no-one able to communicate in the customers languages. A similar problem was identified in other English-speaking countries, notably the USA, Australia and New Zealand. And non-English speaking countries were by no means exemptalthough the widespread use of English as an alternative language made them less open to the charge of insularity.The criticism and publicity given to this problem since the 1960s seems to have greatly improved the situation. Industrial training schemes have promoted an increase in linguistic and cultural awareness. Many firms now have their own translation services. Some firms run part-time language courses in the languages of the countries with which they are most involved; some produce their own technical glossaries, to ensure consistency when material is being translated. It is now much more readily appreciated that marketing efforts can be delayed, damaged or disrupted by a failure to take account of the linguistic needs of the customer.47. Language problems may come to the attention of the public when they have _ such as fatal accidents or social problems.48. What can we infer about American doctors from the case of the poisonous mushrooms?49. Evidence of the extent of the language barrier can be gained from _ of materials used by scientists such as books and periodicals.50. An example of British linguistic insularity is the use of English for materials such as _.51. What ways have been used by the British companies to solve the problem of language barrier since the 1960s?参考答案：47. major consequences48. They probably only read reports written in English.49. surveys/ studies50. sales literature outgoing correspondence51. Industrial training schemes, translation services, part-time language courses and technical glossaries.解析：47.第二段第二句“Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major consequences， such as strikes，lost orders，legal problems or fatal accidentseven，at times，war.”中的“Publicity”就是题目中的“come to the attention of the public”，由此可见，当语言障碍导致“重大后果(major consequences)”，如罢工等等社会问题或者致命的事故时，才会引起关注。因此，答案为“major consequences”。48.毒蘑菇事件是作者在第二段关于语言问题导致致命事故所举的例子。第二段最后一句作者讲道“Presumably because the report of the treatment had been published only in journals written in European languages other than English.”，由此我们可以推断美国医生大概很少读用英语以外的语言所写的报道或论著。故答案为“They probably only read reports written in English”。49.第三段第二句“But isolated examples do not give an impression of the size of the problem- something that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contacts in different communicative situations.”中的“size of the problem”就是指问题的严重程度，即题目中的“extent of the language barrier”。可见“研究”外语材料的使用情况可以帮助了解语言障碍问题的程度。由此，答案可以是“studies”。第三段第三句“In the English-speaking scientific world，for example，surveys of books and documents consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever cnsulted.”指出调查信息机构中书和文件的查阅情况可以知道对外语材料的查阅很少。可见“调查”这些材料的查阅情况可以获得证据。由此，答案也可以是“surveys”。50.由第四段第三句“In the 1960s，over two-thirds of British firms dealing with non-English- speaking customers were using English for out going correspondence;many had their sales literature only in English”可见他们用英语来写往来函件和产品说明、销售宣传这样的一些材料。由于题目只要求写出一个例子，所以答案可以是“sales literature”或者“outgoing correspondence”。51.文章最后一段提到了20世纪60年代以来英国的各家公司用于解决语言障碍问题的四种方法：“Industrial training schemes have promoted an increase in linguistic and cultural awareness.Many firms now have their own translation services.Some firms run part-time language courses in the languages of the countries with which they are most involved;some produce their own technical glossaries，to ensure consistency when material is being translated.”，因此，答案为“Industrial training schemes，translation services，part-time language courses and technical glossaries.”。（3）On the last shopping day before Christmas, stores across the United States were busy but not jam-packed as shoppers scrambled for last-minute gifts, even though some refused to admit it. At Bostons Copley Mall, a small crowd gathered outside the main entrance of luxury department store Neiman Marcus, but no one waiting for the store to open would admit to being a last-minute shopper. Im really here to use a gift certificate and get something for myself and maybe someone else with whats left over, said Matt Doran, who lives in Boston and had been waiting since 8:30 a.m. for the stores 10 a.m. opening. Ilya Polykoff, who moved to Boston from Russia, said he was waiting because I had the day off and I wanted to get some perfume. But he insisted that he was really shopping early because for him Christmas comes in January. The Orthodox Christmas will be celebrated on Jan. 7.There are lots of men out there today, said Karen McDonald, a spokes-woman for mall operator Taubman Centers, after returning from the Lakeside Mall in Sterling Heights, Michigan. There is panic out there but people seem to be in good spirits, she said, adding that most shopping traffic peaked around midday. According to the International Council of Shopping Centers, December 24 was the sixth busiest holiday shopping day in 1997, while 44 percent of holiday sales were recorded in the December 15 to December 24 period. Ed Nally, manager of the Swatch Store known mostly for its brightly colored plastic watches, described the atmosphere as festive rather than crazed. He did say, however, that Dec. 21 was the turning point date, after which shoppers started. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get, Nally said. They become more agitated, less patient. He said red-hot items this year were phones, beepers and the new digital swatch watch that costs $ 70 and came onto the market a week before Christmas.52. The best title for this passage is _.A) Last-Minute Christmas Shoppers Fill U.S. StoresB) Digital Watches Are the Red hot Items This YearC) The Excuse of the Last-Minute ShoppersD) Christmas, the Best Shopping Season53. From the passage we can infer that people would not admit to be a last-minute shopper because _.A) they wanted to use a gift certificateB) Christmas would be celebrated on Jan. 7thC) they did not want gifts recipients to know that they bought them gifts on the last dayD) they bought gifts during the shopping season lasting from December 15th to December 24th54. Which of the following statement is true?A) Most customers came to the mall early in the morning.B) Shop assistants were most busy at noon.C) There were more shoppers in the mall from 7:00 to 9:00 p. m.D) Less people went shopping around midday.55. Which of the following statement is NOT true?A) More people went shopping on Dee. 20th than on Dec. 22nd according to Ed Nally.B) On Dec. 24th, people were crowded outside Bostons Copley Mall, but they were happy.C) Dec. 24th was the sixth busiest holiday shopping day in 1997.D) One can buy brightly colored plastic watches in Swatch Store.56. The word festive in paragraph 2 can not be understood as _.A) cheery B) fetish C) joyous D) merry参考答案：52-56 ACBAB解析：52.主旨题。第一段开始便提到，尽管是圣诞节前最后一天，人们却拒绝承认是last-minute shoppers。第一段首句即本文的中心句，后面描述的现象以及采访顾客的对答都是对本文论点的论证。其中，第一段第二句“but no one waiting for the store to open would admit to being a last-minute shopper”更是点睛之笔.因此，正确答案为A项。53.因果推断题。人们拒绝承认是last-minute shoppers是因为担心收到礼物的人认为该礼物是最后一刻才购买的，难免会让人失望。选项C文中并没有提及，但是按人之常情以及排除法可以断定正确答案为C项，其中，选项A是被采访的人不愿意承认的托词，选项B只是对来自俄罗斯的Polykoff说是如此。54.细节判断题。由第二段第二句“most shopping traffic peaked around midday”可以判断选项A、选项C、选项D选项错误。因此，正确答案为B项。55.细节判断题。第一段开篇提及“the last shopping day before Christmas”，第二段第二句提及“people seem to be in good spirits”，因此选项B是对的.第二段第三句“December 24 was the sixth busiest holiday shopping day in 1997”，由此可以判断选项C也是正确的。文中最后谈及“brightly colored plastic watches in Swatch Store”，由此断定选项D正确。因此，正确答案为A项。56.词义推断题。圣诞节前的商店气氛“the atmosphere as festive”，而不是crazed(疯狂的)，可以推断出festive大约是“快乐的，节日的”的意思。文前还提到“people seem to be in good spirits”，由此可以判断festive的意义相当于cheery，joyous，happy，merry。因此，正确答案为B项。（4）Soichiro HondaThe founder of Honda, Soichiro Honda was a mechanical engineer with a passion for motorcycle and automobile racing. Honda started his company in 1946 by building motorized bicycles with small, war-surplus engines. Honda would grow to become the worlds leading manufacturer of motorcycles and later one of the leading automakers. Following its founders lead, Honda has always been a leader in technology, especially in the area of engine development.Soichiro Honda was described as a maverick(特立独行的人) in a nation of conformists. He made it a point to wear loud suits and wildly colored shirts. An inventor by nature who often joined the work on the floors of his factories and research laboratories, Honda developed engines that transformed the motorcycle into a worldwide means of transportation.Born in 1906, Honda grew up in the town of Tenryu, Japan. The eldest son of a blacksmith who repaired bicycles, the young Soichiro had only an elementary school education when, in his teens, he left home to seek his fortune in Tokyo. An auto repair company hired him in 1922, but for a year he was forced to serve as a baby-sitter for the auto shops owner and his wife. While employed at the auto shop, however, Honda built his own racing car using an old aircraft engine and handmade parts and participated in racing. His racing career was short lived, however. He suffered serious injuries in a 1936 crash.By 1937, Honda had recovered from his injuries. He established his own company, manufacturing piston rings, but he found that he lacked a basic knowledge of casting. To obtain it, he enrolled in a technical high school, applying theories as he learned them in the classrooms to his own factory. But he did not bother to take examinations at the school. Informed that he would not be graduated, Honda commented that a diploma was worth less than a movie theater ticket. A ticket guarantees that you can get into the theater. But a diploma doesnt guarantee that you can make a living.Hondas burgeoning company mass produced metal propellers during WW , replacing wooden ones. Allied bombing and an earthquake destroyed most of his factory and he sold what was left to Toyota in 1945.In 1946, he established the Honda Technical Research Institute to motorize bicycles with small, war-surplus engines. These bikes became very popular in Japan. The institute soon began making engines. Renamed Honda Motor in 1948, the company began manufacturing motorcycles. Business executive Takeo Fujisawa was hired to manage the company while Honda focused on engineering.In 1951, Honda brought out the Dream Type E motorcycle, which proved an immediate success thanks to Hondas innovative overhead valve design, The smaller F-type cub (1952) accounted for 70% of Japans motorcycle production by the end of that year. A public offering and support from Mitsubishi Bank allowed Honda to expand and begin exporting. The versatile C100 Super Cub, released in 1958, became an international bestseller.In 1959, the American Honda Motor was founded and soon began using the slogan, You meet the nicest people on a Honda, to offset the stereotype of motorcyclists during that period. Though the small bikes were dismissed by the dominant American and British manufacturers of the time, the inexpensive imports brought new riders into motorcycling and changed the industry forever in the United States.Ever the racing enthusiast, Honda began entering his companys motorcycles in domestic Japanese races during the 1950s. In the mid-1950s, Honda declared that his company would someday win world championship events-a declaration that seemed unrealistic at the time.In June 1959, the Honda racing team brought their first motorbike to compete in the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy race, then the worlds most popular motorcycle race. This was the first entry by a Japanese team. With riders Naomi Taniguchi, who finished sixth, Teisuke Tanaka, who finished eighth, and Kiyoshi Kawashima, who would later succeed Soichiro as Honda Motor president, as team manager, Honda won the manufacturers prize.However, th