全新版大学英语_视听阅读4Unit2答案.docx

Unit 2This story is based near the Pacific Ocean and takes place near the Mexican port cities of Santa Rosalia and Guaymas on the Gulf of California.Humboldt squids, or Red Devils, are some of the worlds largest animals without a backbone. These sometimes dangerous creatures live in the deep waters of the Pacific Ocean. A researcher and a professional diver have come to the Gulf of California to learn more about them. Will they find any Red Devils? Will they be able to observe them safely?I. Giant Squid. Read the paragraph. Then write the correct underlined word next to each definition. The Humboldt squid is one of the largest invertebrates in the world and can reach more than 182 centimeters in length and weigh almost 30 kilograms. This dangerous predator is carnivorous and feeds mostly on small fish. It has very long tentacles covered with sharp teeth that it uses to attack. When threatened, these sea creatures squirt streams of dark ink in order to blind their enemies and protect themselves. While their normal prey is limited to small sea creatures, Humboldt squid have been known to eat the bodies of dead fishermen at sea and to attack ocean divers. 1. an animal that lives by killing and eating others: _2. a colored liquid usually used in pens: _3. meat-eating: _4. animals with no backbone: _5. animals killed for food by other animals: _6. send a stream of liquid out in a thin line: _7. long, thin, flexible arm-like body parts found on some ocean creatures: _1. predator 2.ink 3.carnivorous 4.invertebrates 5.prey 6.squirt 7.tentaclesII. Deep-Sea Diving. Read the paragraph. Then match each word or phrase with the correct definition. Neurobiologist Dr. Bob Gilly is going to the Gulf of California in Mexico to study the behavior of the Humboldt squid. His colleague Bob Cranston, an experienced deep-sea diver and intrepid cameraman, is joining him on the trip. Because giant squid live at very great depths, Cranston has developed a special diving device that uses a filter to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from his air supply. The special scuba equipment is designed to help him go deeper and stay down longer. The device may also help Cranston avoid the dangerous and sometimes deadly condition of decompression sickness, which results from rising too quickly from the depths of the ocean.1. neurobiologist _2. intrepid _3. filter _4. scuba _5. decompression sickness _1. D 2.C 3.A 4.E 5.BSUMMARYAs far as 180 meters below the oceans surface lives the Humboldt squid, a species that can grow to be 182 centimeters long. Neurobiologist Bob Gilly has tracked this giant squid species, known as the red devil, to the Gulf of California, and hes enlisted cameraman Bob Cranston to assist in his research. Cranston does a night dive to film the squid up close, but when his camera lights attract some, he has an unforgettable encounter with the infamous red devils.Warming upTeaching NOTES1. Provide a general introduction to the Humboldt squid by showing pictures from the reading passage or other sources in class. 2. Have students familiarize themselves with the topic-related words and expressions. 3. Ask questions like “Have you ever heard of the Red Devils?”, “Where do Humboldt squid live?” and “How do scientists study the deep sea marine creatures?”The Humboldt Squid and Its General Characteristics The Humboldt Squid, which is also called Jumbo Squid, Jumbo Flying Squid, or Red Devil, is a large, predatory marine invertebrate. It is found in the warm waters of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Its habitat is at depths of 660 to 2,300 feet, from Tierra del Fuego north to California. It takes its name from the Humboldt Current in which it lives. The biggest Humboldt Squid can reach up to six feet and weigh as much as 100 pounds. Humboldt squid can change color, flashing bright red when angered or excited. This is why it is sometimes called “the red devil”. The average life span of a Humboldt squid is about one year. Sperm whales, sharks, seals, swordfish, and marlin feed on Humboldt squid of all sizes, and gulls and large fish often eat the juveniles.Hunting Pattern of the Humboldt Squid According to researchers, Humboldt Squid hunt for their prey of small fish, krill, lantern-fish, shrimp, mollusks, and other cephalopods in a cooperative manner. This is very unusual in invertebrates. The hunting group of Humboldt squid can contain as many as 1,200 individuals. They can reach swimming speeds from 3 to 15 miles an hour and can jump out of the water and glide through the air to hunt and escape. They usually hunt near the surface at night, as their keen vision helps them to capture the prey. They often approach it quickly with all ten appendages, which extend forward in a cone-like shape. However, when they reach the striking distance, they will open their eight swimming and grasping arms, and use their two long tentacles covered with sharp teeth to grab their prey and pull it back towards a parrot-like beak. Their beaks can easily cut into human flesh and inflict serious wounds. The whole hunting process usually takes place in seconds.Aggressive Behavior of the Red Devils The Humboldt Squid are notoriously aggressive species and have earned the nickname the “Red Devils”. When the fishermen use lights to attract lantern-fish, the Humboldt Squid sometimes gets agitated and attack them. They also attack divers that venture too close. It is said that the squid will fight with the fishermen and even blast them with water and ink when they are caught. However, recent research suggests that the squid are only aggressive while feeding. At other times, they are quite passive. When they are feeding, they may even become cannibalistic. They have been seen to prey upon injured or vulnerable squid of their own shoal. Humboldt Squid and Its Thriving The Humboldt squids population and range is being expanded steadily. They are now encountered as far north as Alaska. Many researchers think that the climate changes and oxygen-level fluctuations that have been negative impact on other species in the diverse California Current have proved beneficial to the Humboldt squid. Other scientists believe that the reason is the Humboldt squids ability to explore and take advantage of new habitats and situations. They can also move very quickly and are capable of very large migration patterns. Still others attribute its flourishing and expansion of range to the declining numbers of the squids predators. video SCRIPTNarrator: Dr. Bob Gilly is a neurobiologist at Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove, California. Hes studied squid for more than 20 years. His most recent study of Humboldt squid, sometimes called “red devils,” tracked the movements of almost 1,000 squid off the coast of Santa Rosalia, Mexico. Two months later, the squid began to appear across the Gulf of California, near Guaymas. To get a closer look at the giant squid and, hopefully, to learn more about them, Gilly headed down to the small fishing village. Gilly has invited Bob Cranston, an intrepid cameraman whos spent more time in deep water with giant squid than anyone, to film the squid. Gilly doesnt dive himself, so Cranston will serve as the scientists eyes underwater. Cranston begins by giving some details about the new diving equipment hes brought.Bob Cranston, Cameraman: “Stay down a little longer, dive a little deeper, get in a little more trouble .”Narrator: The dive wont begin until nightfall, when the squid rise to feed in the higher depths of the sea. The wait gives the men time to look around.Cranston: “Lets walk up here and talk to these fishermen.”Narrator: They decide to get the local fishermens opinion of the giant squid. What they learn is somewhat disturbing.Local Fisherman, Guaymas, Mexico: “We lose people. Every other year, somebody dies. I have a friend that they found floating in the ocean, oh, last year.”Cranston: “Squid fisherman?”Local Fisherman: “Its lucky they found him because, you know, theyre carnivorous. Theyll eat you, I mean, they will eat you!”Dr. Bob Gilly, Neurobiologist: “The squid will eat you?”Fisherman: “The squid will eat you. If you fall into the ocean, theyll get you with their tentacles, youll drown, and then theyll . . . you know, all the rest of them will just eat you.”Narrator: Could these stories be true? Its enough to worry any diver and gives the men something to think about as they have dinner and prepare.Narrator: With the afternoon fading, its time for Gilly and Cranston to get down to business.Cranston: “OK, time to go diving, suns going down.”Narrator: The men have created a plan to get as close as possible to the red devils, but its going to require some major preparations and careful planning. Cranston knows from his past experience that it can take hours just to find the squid, possibly requiring numerous dives to 60 meters deep. With traditional scuba equipment, he could run out of air before seeing a single red devil. So Cranston will be using a “rebreather” for the dive.Cranston: “Get ready! Get ready for a night with the squid.”Narrator: A rebreather is a special device that contains a filter that removes dangerous carbon dioxide from the divers exhaled breaths while simultaneously adding oxygen. Itll allow Cranston to stay underwater longer and go deeper, but it has its disadvantages.Cranston: “With this rebreather, I can stay underwater up to eleven hours. Its pretty painful to stay underwater for eleven hours. The maximum I want to stay underwater is about four. The real danger is that you dont watch your gauges, you get excited about doing something and youre your oxygen level goes down, down, down. And then all of a sudden you pass out because theres no warning of having too little oxygen. Your vision just goes . . . and then you get black.”Narrator: The two men head out to where the fishermen have been finding the jumbo squid. They wait until dusk when the squid rise from inaccessible depths of over 180 meters to a barely accessible depth of 60 meters. Tonight, Gilly and Cranston are going to attempt an interesting experiment. Theyll film the squid using red light.Cranston: “Red is camouflage underwater, so were trying to add some red, but still have something we can film with.”Narrator: Like many deep-dwelling creatures, Humboldt squid arent very sensitive to red light since red is the first color to disappear in the ocean. Cranston will also be using a red rebreather and wearing a red dive suit in the hopes that hell be less invasive in the squids environment. Ideally, this will allow him to witness their natural behavior in their element.Gilly: “A red devil?”Cranston: “Im going to be a red devil down there.”Gilly: “You might never come back. Youre going to join them!”Cranston: “Im not worried about the squid hurting me. Im worried about the squid putting up a situation like pulling your mask off or pulling a rebreather hose off, or something like that. That would be a really bad situation.”Narrator: The red lights may make Cranston less visible, but its still possible that these reportedly dangerous predators may get too close or become aggressive. Narrator: Cranston begins his long dive to 60 meters beneath the ocean. Its a dangerous commitment. Hell have to spend more than an hour coming up if something goes wrong or risk getting decompression sickness. In addition, the 35-kilo rebreather makes him less able to move around than with traditional scuba gear. After a short time, the first squid swim into view. They seem to take no notice of the red light; perhaps Cranston and Gillys theory is correct. Then a squid approaches Cranston. Cranston can see it, but can it see him? Apparently it can but at first, the squid seems more curious than aggressive. Then, suddenly, a bolder squid attacks the camera. Cranston is caught completely off guard. Soon, the devils seem to be coming from all directions and at top speeds. Humboldt squid can swim as fast as 32 kilometers per hour. The average human swims at only two or three kilometers per hour. Eventually, the squid turn their attention to Cranston himself. His worst nightmare is about to come true. One tries to pull off his mask. Luckily, it fails. Then, as quickly as it all began, with one last squirt of ink, the attack is over.Gilly: “Congratulations, Bob!”Cranston: “Well, about what?”Narrator: Back on the boat, Cranston is characteristically relaxed, almost like nothing happened.Cranston: “Well, actually, I had a squid come and, you know, touch me. Theyd grab a hold of the camera, and Id grab a hold of them and kind of shake their hand a little bit. And theyd put out their little tentacles and . . .”Narrator: Finally, Cranston gets to show off his film to Gilly.Cranston: “This was when we had the squid grab a hold of the lights and pull the filters. There he comes right out of nowhere. Theyre coming in at full speed ahead, grab the prey, and full speed reverse. And leave the ink.”Narrator: The red light was definitely a great success. Even though the squid could obviously see it, they came much closer than in white light. Cranston has captured some superb images and Gilly has learned much more about the animals behavior.Gilly: “It makes you suspect that they have incredible intelligence, to see this exploration-type behavior. And I certainly believe they have a lot of intelligence.”Narrator: The discoveries from research trips like Gillys not only add to scientists knowledge about these mysterious animals, but also add to the worlds fascination with the unusual invertebrates known as the red devils.Teaching notesI.1. Give students time to predict the answers. 2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.4. Have students summarize this part using the answers to the questions.II.1. Give students time to predict the answers. 2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.III.1. Have students repeat each sentence after it is spoken twice and then write the sentences.2. Have students listen again, and mark the word stress on content words with a stress mark (?).3. Have students listen to each sentence and draw an upward arrow ? for rising intonation, or a downward arrow ? for falling intonation.4. Have students listen again and draw a curved line ? to mark any words that are linked or blended together.5. Have students practice reading the sentences till they can say them using appropriate intonation and stress pattern.Word bank1. track vt. follow a person or animal by looking for proof that they have been somewhere, or by using electronic equipment e.g.Its difficult to track a creature in the vast ocean.They are tracking arrow squid movements with an automated acoustic telemetry system.2. head down move in the specified directione.g.Well head down there first thing tomorrow morning.The two researchers headed down to Shark Alley to observe the great white sharks. 3. intrepid adj. extremely brave and showing no fear of dangerous situations e.g.Some intrepid individuals were still prepared to make the journey.Are you intrepid enough to make dives where only a few whales and seals dare to go? 4. film vt. record moving pictures with a camera, usually to make a film for the cinema or television e.g.Most of the scenes about these animals were actually filmed in a studio.They filmed how the giant squid hunt their prey deep under the sea. 5. serve as help achieve something or to be useful as somethinge.g.These decoys will serve as baits to attract the sharks. They serve as food for animals, and pollinate plants.Teaching notesI.1. Give students time to predict the answers. 2. Play the video.3. Remind students to take notes when they watch the video.4. Have students compare their answers in pairs.II.1. Give students time to predict the answers. 2. Play the video.3. Elicit the answers from students.4. Have students provide a brief introduction to “the rebreather” and explain its benefits and risks. III.1. Have students go through the information in Exercise I, which can help them complete the task. 2. Remind students to use the sentence patterns in the chart to make the dialogue. 3. Put students into pairs and give them time to practice their dialogues. 4. Have some pairs role-play their dialogues in front of the class.5. Give students some comments and suggestions for improvement. Word bank1. get down to business begin to do or give serious attention to something one must do or something importante.g.Without further delay we should get down to business.I think Ill relax this weekend and then get down to business.2.maximum n. the largest amount allowed or possible e.g.The temperature will reach a maximum of 3C here underwater.The maximum danger sometimes implies the maximum hope in conducting a research.3. accessible adj. able to be reached or easily got e.g.The strength of doing this research is that the subjects are so very accessible.The site is accessible and can provide research opportunities.4. attempt vi. try to do something, especially something difficult e.g.He attempted to escape from the squid by turning off the lights. The rescuers attempted to catch the injured sea lion but failed.5.invasive adj. tending to invade or intrude; moving int