文学阅读与欣赏考前宝典(2010春).doc

文学阅读与欣赏考前宝典亲爱的同学们;期末考试马上就要临近了，面对厚厚的一本文学阅读与欣赏， 你是否感到有些无所适从呢？请不要担心，如果你按照考试宝典的内容认真复习，一定会考出一个很好的成绩！一 如何复习该课程学习的主线是课本。复习时，依据复习要点（focal points），把课本梳理一遍，是如何方法都替代不了的。考试内容有大多是出自课本的，熟悉课本是得高分的法宝。如果按教学平台里的“复习与自测”部分的要点，对照教材和面授辅导课的课程讲义，从头到尾地详细复习一篇，你的考试成绩肯定会是优良。二 复习参考1 面授课上的考点梳理/ VoB 考前串讲2 复习宝典的范围和要点。3 论坛上的老师答疑三 考点串讲1 考试题型题型各单项分数时间(分钟)笔试文学常识单项选择/正误判断/填空3525诗歌/戏剧分析简答题815莎士比亚作品理解英文改述/ 选择1210短篇小说分析问答题2530写作改写小说/续写小说2040 笔试分为五个部分，第一部分文学常识，占35分；第二部分诗歌/戏剧分析，占8分；第三部分莎士比亚作品理解，占12分；第四部分短篇小说分析，占25分；第五部分写作，为20分。考试时间总共120分钟，其中文学常识占25分钟，诗歌/戏剧分析部分占15分钟，莎士比亚作品理解部分占10分钟，短篇小说分析部分占30分钟，写作部分占40分钟。2 试卷各部分详解1） 文学常识的第一部分是10个有关课本出现的文学概念、文学人物和作品的单项选择题。10个均是课本的重点或者基本常识，所以比较简单，而这部分得分也较好。大部分同学都在12分以上（满分20分），很多是1620分。举例如下：1.The poem “Ozymandias” is about a _.A.traveler B.sculptorC.writer D.king2.The story “A Horseman in the Sky” takes place in _.A.American Independence War B.American Civil War C.Colonial timeD.20th century3.The letter found by Kathleen in “The Demon Lover” was signed only using the letter_.A.K B.PC.V D.J4.“London” is a _ by _.A.drama, William Cowper B.drama, William Shakespeare C.poem, William BlakeD.poem, William Wordsworth5.When a pair of consecutive lines in a poem rhyme this is known as a_ .A.ballad B.stanza C.couplet D.sonnet6.A _ character is created to represent the living symbol of one of the frequently reoccurring characteristics of human nature.A. stockB. roundC. flatD. humorous7.Four of Shakespeares well-known tragedies are _.A.Macbeth, Othello, King Lear and Wuthering HeightsB.Macbeth, the Merchant of Venice, Othello and King Lear C.Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello and Wuthering HeightsD.Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello and King Lear8.An accepted dramatic convention used in Shakespeares time where a character expresses his thoughts and feelings, while alone on a stage, is referred to as a _.A.memorialB.soliloquyC.orationD.setting9. Robinson Crusoe is a story, first published in 1719. In the story, Robinson Crusoe is the major character and Friday is his _.A. enemyB. bossC. slaveD. colleague10. It is important to realize that when the author writes a story, he creates “someone” to tell the story: that storyteller is called the “_”.A. writerB. witnessC. characterD. narratorKey: 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D11.The Bennett family are characters in _.A. Gone With the WindB. Pride and PrejudiceC. The Importance of Being ErnestD. Pygmalion12The poem Xu Zhimo wrote is “Farewell to _”.E. CambridgeF. ArmsG. BeijingH. Freedom13 Poetic licence is freedom to _.I. use another poets imageryJ. make political statementsK. combine genresL. break language rules 14E. M. Forster contrasts two types of characters, the “flat” and the “_”.M. deepN. interestingO. roundP. fat15Adlestrop is a _.A. businessmanB. railway stationC. cityD. poet16In Wuthering Heights the relationship between the houses and the characters is _.A. mysteriousB. misleadingC. accidentalD. symbolic17The character who speaks of “a sea of troubles” and “the Whips and Scornes of Time” is _.A. HamletB. MacbethC. Jane EyreD. Shylock18“Omniscient”, “I-witness”, “I-agent” and “Objective” are all examples of a narrators _.A. depthB. competence C. reliabilityD. point of view19When events are arranged “first things first” they are portrayed _.A. chronologicallyB. symbolicallyC. incoherentlyD. horizontally20As the tension is resolved the plot comes to the _.A. climaxB. denouementC. expositionD. elaborationKey: 11-20：B AD C B D A D A B第二部分是文学常识填空。一般是每句三空，有的是列举题，有的是考查某个具体文学作品的相关知识。这部分得分很差，反映出考生对文学常识能够认出来，但写出来有困难，也可以说对文学常识掌握得不够扎实。比如：Please list 3 types of literary genres d_, p_, f_.答案是drama，poetry，fiction如果你写play, poem, story (or novel) 也是可以接受的。如下作为练习题。1We call Jane Eyre a r_ character, since she has three dimensions as a person, and we see her change and develop. She is a plain-featured, empathetic, hard-working, and passionate girl. She works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, R_. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 答案是round, Rochester2.Unit 6 details five different points of view that authors can employ when writing narratives. Two of these are Objective and I-agent, the others are o_, l_ o _and e_.答案是omniscient, limited omniscient, eyewitness3.In Unit 8, three p_ by Cowper, Wordsworth and Blake highlight contrasting views of life in the t_ and life in the c_.答案是poems, town, country4.When the initial setting for a story occurs in the introduction, the literary term for this is e_. Following this there is a(n) e_ of the plot where the action develops into conflict causing a climax to be reached when these conflicts all reach a(n) c_ point before an ultimate resolution occurs.答案是exposition, elaboration, crisisMore exercises of this type:1In the exposition of a plot, the four aspects of the story - who, w_, w_ and w_ are introduced.2Shakespeare chose to make the three witches meet in the thunder and lightning in order to suggest a sense of d_ and e_.3Dickenss creation, the miser Scrooge, is an example of a/an a_ or s_ character. Other examples could be the wise advisor or the absent-minded professor.4The tone in which characters speak can indicate their a_, m_, or m_. 5Aphra Benn, Daniel Defoe and Blake all explore the idea of the dark stranger but from different points of view: the dark stranger as a n_ s_, or as a n_ s_.Key:1. (1) when, (2) where, (3) what.2. danger, evil. (Or any answer with this meaning)3. archetype (or archetypal), stock4. (Any three of these four) (1) attitudes, (2) manners, (3) mood, (4) the moral outlook of the characters.5. (1) noble savage, (2) natural slave2) 戏剧或诗歌分析。这部分主要考查的是对课本中某段戏剧节选或对一篇诗歌的理解。如果是戏剧分析，5个简答题涉及主题、人物、情节等，如果是诗歌分析，5个简答题涉及主题、韵脚、诗歌形象、诗句的理解。只要对课本熟悉，这部分的得分能够在6分以上。举例如下，请练习：I.TreesI think that I shall never seeA poem lovely as a treeA tree whose hungry mouth is prestAgainst the earths sweet flowing breast;A tree that looks at God all day;And lifts her leafy arms to pray;A tree that may in Summer wearA nest of robins in her hair;Upon whose bosom snow has lain;Who intimately lives with rainPoems are made by fools like me,But only God can make a tree.Questions:1. What is the rhyming scheme?2. What is the name normally given to two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme?3. Which figures of speech does line 3 employ?4. What is the poets attitude towards trees?Answers:1. aa bb cc dd ee aa2. couplet3. personification4. He adores the trees.II.An Irish Airman Foresees His DeathI know that I shall see my fateSomewhere among the clouds above;Those that I fight I do not hate,Those that I guard I do not love;My country is Kiltartan Cross,My countrymen Kiltartans poor,No likely end could bring them lossOr leave them happier than before.Nor law, nor duty bade me fight,Nor public men, nor cheering crowds,A lonely impulse of delightDrove to this tumult in the clouds;I balanced all, brought all to mind,The years to come seemed waste of breath,A waste of breath the years behindIn balance with this life, this death. Questions:1. What is the rhyming scheme?2. What are themes of the poem?3. What attitude does the poet seem to be expressing in the first half of his poem?4. Identify the image that Yeats uses in the last few lines of the poem?Answers:1. abab cdcd efef ghgh2. (Any one of these three) (1)War, (2) Death, (3) The futility of war.3. (Any one of the following five)acceptance of death;exhilaration about the experience of war in the air; indifference to the purpose of war; indifference to the result of the war; bitterness about the futility of the war; 4. Yeats uses a waste of breath as an image for both the future (the years ahead ) and the past(the years behind). OR Yeats uses the image a waste of breath for any time other than the present when the fighter is facing death in the sky.3)莎士比亚作品理解。这部分的要求是用自己的话解释节选中的句子或者对词语的解释。评分标准并未对语言有很高要求，只要求解释清句子即可。失分的原因是不能理解原文。比如OTHELLO中的一段Othello的台词：True, I have married her:The very head and front of my offendingHath this extent, no more.答案是：The only misdeed I am accused of is that I have married her. Yes, Ive married her. Thats the only accusation against me.Yes, Ive married her. Thats all the offending I have.而很多考生只理解到marry这一信息，对其他莎士比亚时代的英语就不怎么理解了。莎士比亚作品在我们的教材中总共只有四篇，花点功夫看懂，应该能理解而且能够解释。True, I have married her:The very head and front of my offendingHath this extent, no more.A. The only wrong I have done.B. The beginning of my offer.C. The excuse I will have.D. The very daughter I will marry.答案是：A这里把莎士比亚的作品用比较通俗的英语表达出来，希望帮助大家理解莎士比亚。Hamlet (P 215)To be or not to bethat is the Question; Whether its nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them?To live or to die, that is a question. Is it better to bear the bitterness of bad fate in the mind, or should people rise up to pick up weapons fighting against it and end so many troubles in ones life?To die, to sleepNo more; and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to; Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished.To die, to sleep, there will be no more existence. And if we can say that we end the trouble and the countless natural strikes that human beings are bound to suffer by a sleep, then a sleep or a death would be the perfect thing that we have seriously wished for.To die, to sleep; To sleep, perchance to dream. Ay, theres the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. There is the respect That makes calamity of so long life;To sleep perhaps is to dream, that is where the trouble is. In the sleep of death, when we get rid of our physical bodies and free ourselves from these earthly troubles, what may come as our dreams must make us hesitate. It is with this very consideration that people would rather endure a life so long and so painful.Othello (P328)Othello: Most powerful, grave, and respected lordsmy very noble and approved good masters, that I have taken away this old mans daughter, it is most true. The only misdeed I am accused of is that I have married her. I am unpolished in my speech, and little blessed with the soft phrase of peace. Since I was a child of seven, all my efforts have been concentrated on my military profession, except for the last nine months. I can speak little of this great world, no more than what belongs to battle field. And therefore I shall help little my own cause forward in speaking for myself. Yet by your gracio