二元合金相图.doc

物理化学实验报告院系 化学与环境工程学院 班级 0409403 学号 040940329 姓名 马彦宝 实验五 二元合金相图实验者马彦宝实验前温度和压强27.4712.10mmHg实验后温度和压强27.4712.20mmHg1、 实验仪器及试剂仪 器SWKY型数字仪器一台KWL-08可控温电炉一台 样品管一只药 品铅（CP）锡（CP）2、 实验原理测绘相图通常使用的方法是热分析法。将一体系加热熔融成一均匀液相，然后将体系冷却，并每隔一分钟读体系温度一次，通过温度对时间作图得一曲线，此曲线称步冷曲线。取一系列组成不同的体系，做出它们的步冷曲线，找出各转折点，既能绘出简单二元相图。3、 实验步骤依次测定含锡61.9%、80%、40%、20%等样品的步冷曲线。将样品放在加热电炉中加热，样品的温度不能升高的太高，一般样品熔化后，再升高30左右。样品熔化后，关闭电源，将传感器插入样品管中，使样品缓慢冷却，每隔1分钟记录一次数据，直到步冷曲线水平部分以下为止。四、实验数据及数据处理 熔点/铅327.502锡231.89不同锡含量下的T时间min80%的T62%的T40%的T20%的T0.5307.8305.9297.8310.21304.4302.4294.4306.51.5301298.8291.1302.92298.7295.5287.7299.22.5294.4292.1284.5295.63291.1288.9281.1282.23.5287.8285.5278.1288.74284.8282.4274.9285.34.5281.6279.2271.8282.25278.5276.2268.9279.75.5275.4273.1265.8277.46272.3270.1263.1275.36.5296.5267.1260.1273.47226.6264.2257.4271.47.5263.7261.4254.9269.58260.9258.6252.5267.68.5258.1255.9250.1265.59255.5253.2247.8263.99.5252.8250.6245.7262.210250.2248243.5260.310.5247.6245.5241.4258.411245242.9239.4256.411.5242.6240.4237.3254.112240.1238235.4251.912.5237.7235.6233.4249.613235.4233.4231.5247.213.5233.1230.9229.6244.814230.8228.7227.7242.314.5228.5226.4225.9239.715226.3224.3224237.215.5224.1222.2222.1234.716221.9220.3220.1232.116.5219.9218.2218.4229.617217.8216.3216.5227.117.5215.7214.3214.6224.618213.7212.5212.9222.118.5211.7210.6212219.719209.8208.9209.1217.319.5207.9207207.4214.920206205.3205.6212.620.5204.1203.5203.8210.321202.2201.9202.120821.5200.6199.9200.1205.822198.8198.3198.4203.622.5197.1196.7196.6201.523195.4195.1194.8199.423.5193.9193.6193.2197.324192.6192191.5185.424.5198.5190.5189.9193.425200.7190.6188.1191.525.5201189.6186.3189.626200.5188.9184.8187.826.5199.8187.5183.2185.927199186.1181.618427.5198184.8179.9182.328197183.3178.4180.528.5195.9182178178.829195180.5179177.129.5193.9179.1179.7175.430191.9177.7180173.830.5192.9176.2180.1172.231191.9174.9180171.431.5190.9173.5179.917632189.19172.1179.7177.532.5189170.6179.6176.733188169.2179.4174.733.5187168.1179.2172.634185.9171.5178.9170.434.5185177.3178.5168.335184180.3178.1166.335.5183181.1177.5164.336182.1180.5176.5162.436.5181.1180.2175.3160.637180.9180173.315937.5180.6179.9170.8157.338180.4179.8168.1155.638.5180.2179.7165.415439179.8179.6163152.539.5179.5179.5160.615140179.2179.4158.8149.640.5178.9179.1156.8148.941177.6179154.9148.241.5175.7178.9153146.942173.3178.7151.3145.642.5170.9178.4149.9144.543168.3178.1148.5143.443.5165.9177.3147.3142.344163.3174.8146.2141.344.5161.1171.8145140.445158.9168.6143.8139.445.5156.8165.6142.5138.546154.9160.2141.1137.646.5153157.6139.9136.547151.2155.3138.5135.547.5149.5153137.2134.548147.8151135.9133.548.5146.1149134.6132.449144.5147.4133.4131.449.5142.9145.5132.1130.350141.3143.8130.9129.350.5139.9142.1129.7128.251138.5140.4128.7127.151.5135.6138.8127.3126.152134.3137.2126.212552.5133135.7125.212453131.6134.2124.112353.5131.6132.712312254130.4131.3121.912154.5129.2130120.912055127.9128.6119.811955.5126.8127.3118.7118.156125.6126116.8117.256.5124.4124.8115.8116.257123.2123.6114.9115.357.5122122.4114114.458121.1121.2113.1113.558.5119.9120112.3112.659118.9118.9111.4111.759.5117.9117.9110.6110.860116.8116.8109.7110.160.5115.9115.8108.9109.261114.9113.7108.1108.461.5113.9112.8107.3107.662113111.8106.410662.5112.1110.8105.8105.263111.2109.9105104.463.5110.3109104.2103.764109.4108.1103.4102.964.5108.5107.2102.7102.165107.7106.4101.9101.465.5106.9105.5101.2100.666106104.7100.599.966.5105.210499.899.367104.4103.199.198.567.5103.7102.498.397.868102.9101.597.797.268.5102.1100.897.196.569101.499.996.495.869.5100.699.395.795.27099.998.59594.670.599.297.894.493.97198.497.193.793.371.597.796.393.192.67297.195.892.49272.596.494.491.891.47395.793.790.690.873.595939090.27494.492.489.489.674.593.791.788.8987593.191.188.288.475.592.590.587.787.87691.889.386.687.376.591.288.78686.77790.688.285.486.277.59087.584.985.67889.486.884.385.178.588.886.383.884.57988.285.783.38479.587.684.682.783.58087.184.182.282.980.586.583.581.782.48185.98381.281.981.885.482.180.780.98284.881.880.280.482.584.381.479.779.98383.880.979.379.483.583.380.478.8798482.779.978.378.584.582.279.477.9788581.778.977.477.585.581.278.47777.18680.777.976.576.786.579.777.576.176.28779.27775.775.887.578.776.675.275.38878.376.174.874.988.577.875.674.474.58977.475.273.97489.576.974.773.573.69076.474.473.173.290.57673.972.672.79175.673.572.272.391.575.173.171.871.99274.772.671.471.592.574.372.27171.19373.871.870.670.793.573.471.370.270.3947370.969.869.994.572.670.569.69572.270.269.295.571.769.89671.369.696.571699770.568.797.570.268.49869.8 右上图不同锡含量下的温度变化得拐点： 拐点含锡量第一拐点第二拐点0327.50138.3820200.56138.3040180.81138.6761.9180.33138.8580177.10138.52100231.89138.63用以上数据的如下相图：5.思考及讨论1.何为热分析法?用热分析法测绘相图时,应注意哪些问题? 答: 热分析法就是将系统缓慢而均匀地冷却(或加热)时,当系统内不发生相变化时,则温度将随时间均匀(或线性地)慢慢改变, 当系统内发生相变化时,由于相变时伴随的吸热或放热现象,所以,温度-时间图上就会出现转折点或水平线,依次而绘制步冷曲线,从而可以得出共熔物的一些性质的方法.应