浅析人力资源管理在现代企业发展中的作用.doc

The wildest and most fascinating city-Spain摘要: 西班牙位于欧洲西南部伊比利亚半岛，西邻葡萄牙，东北与法国、安道尔接壤，北临比斯开湾，南隔直布罗陀海峡与非洲的摩洛哥相望，东面和东南面濒临地中海，是继法国后西欧第二大国。西班牙是一个拥有野性与激情文化的国家。而这种文化的典型代表便是斗牛。斗牛历史由来已久，至今仍受部分西班牙人的欢迎。但是近些年，由于其对待动物的残忍性，遭到越来越多的人的反对。佛莱明哥是西班牙最著名的艺术家之一。他代表了典型的西班牙文化，同时，西班牙人也崇敬他，以他为骄傲。就西班牙的习俗来说呢，它有很多特别而且有趣的宗教节日。这篇文章会介绍所有上文提及的文化。我相信通过这些介绍你一定会慢慢爱上这个充满着神秘魅力的迷人国度。 关键词:西班牙，斗牛，佛莱明哥,宗教节日Origins and History of BullfightingBullfighting is certainly one of the best known, although at the same time the most controversial Spanish popular customs.This Fiesta could not exist without the Toro Bravo, a species of bull from an archaic bloodline that is conserved only in Spain.Many civilizations revered these bulls. The bull-cultus on the Greek island Creta is quite well-known. The Bible tells of bulls being sacrificed in honour of the divine justice. Bulls played an important part in the religious ceremonies of Iberian tribes living in Spain during prehistoric times.The origins of the Plaza are probably not the Roman amphitheaters but the Celtic-Iberian temples where ceremonies were held. In the province of Soria, near Numancia, one such temple is preserved and it is supposed that bulls were sacrificed to the Gods here.While the cult worship of the bull goes back to the Iberians, it was the Greek and Roman influences that converted it into a spectacle.During the middle ages it was a diversion for the aristocracy to rear on horseback. This was called suerte de caas. In the 18th century this tradition was more or less abandoned and the poorer population invented the bullfight on foot.Francisco Romero was a key-figure in laying the rulesfor this new sport. For its fans La Corrida is of course more of an art than a sport, as well as being the challenge of man fighting against beast . It is an archaic tradition that has survived in Spain.What a Corrida is aboutIf you are not familiar with Corridas, you will find listed here chronologically everything that happens. So you may decide by yourself if you want to see one while you are visiting Spain.A Corrida starts with the paseillo, when everyone involved in the bullfight should enter the ring and present themselves to the public. Two Alguacilillos, on horseback, direct themselves to the presidency and symbolically ask for the keys to the puerta de los toriles . Behind that door are the bulls.With the door being opened and the first bull entering the ring the spectacle begins. It consists of three parts, called tercios , each being separated by horn-signals. There are three toreros in each Corrida, by the way, and each will have to rear two bulls.In the first tercio the bullfighter uses the capote, a large rag of purple and yellow coloring. Next, two picadors enter on horseback each armed with a type of lance.The second part is la suerte de banderillas. Three banderilleros have to stick a pair of banderillas into the attacking bulls back. In the final suerte suprema the bullfighter uses the muleta , a small red rag. He has to show his faena, his mastery to dominate the bull, and to establish an artificial relationship between man and beast. The Corrida ends with the torero killing the bull with his sword.I think you will agree what a wonderful and exciting country Spain is, so diversified, steeped in history and very culturally special, peaceful and tranquil, laid back with its superb climate and sun-drenched beaches and crystal clear waters beckoning you to sample them for yourself. The people are so friendly, leaving 007 with such wonderful memories and treasures in my mind that now I can share with you. Spain is one of 007 top destinations and would recommend visiting this country to anybody. Please email me for any more information on anything whatsoever .Now I want to tell you about the Flamenco dance in a little more detail, as this is such a wonderful sight to see. The music will haunt you for many years to come with lasting memories. FlamaencoFlamenco is a genuine Spanish art, and to be more exact is a genuine Southern Spanish art. It exists in three forms: Cante, the song, Baile, the dance, and Guitarra, guitar playing.Gypsies are very often named as the fathers of Flamenco, and at the very least, we can be sure that they played an important part in its creation. However, the popular songs and dances of Andalusia also influenced early Flamenco considerably. (Gypsy: A member of a nomadic people that arrived in Europe in migrations from northern India around the 14th century, now also living in North America and Australia. Many Gypsy groups have preserved elements of their traditional culture, including an itinerant existence, tribal organization, and the Romany language).There were certainly other influences, too, surely not a surprise in a country that has been dominated by the most diverse cultures and civilizations during its different historical epochs.There were the legendary Tartessos, and the seven centuries of Muslim occupation that could hardly have passed without leaving their indelible mark on Spanish culture. All of these different factors directly or indirectly influenced Flamenco.The first real reference to Flamenco in literature is in the Cartas Marruecas of Cadalso, in 1774. Its birthplace was most probably where, between 1765 and 1860, the first Flamenco-schools were created: Cdiz, Jerez de la Frontera and Triana in Seville.In this epoch Flamenco dance started to establish a firm position in the ballrooms. Early Flamenco seems to have been purely vocal accompanied only by the rhythmic clapping of hands, toque de palmas. It was left to dedicated composers, as Julin Arcas, to introduce guitar playing.During its Golden Age (1869-1910) Flamenco was developed in the numerous music cafs of the period to reach its definitive form. Also the more serious forms expressing deep feelings -cante jondo -date from this time. Flamaenco dance reached its climax, being the major attraction for the public in those cafs cantantes. Guitar players, as well as the dancers, increasingly gained notoriety.From 1910 to 1955 Flamenco singing was marked by the pera flamenca, with an easier kind of music such as fandangos, showing a clear South American influence. By 1915 Flamenco shows were performed all over the world. 1955 we saw the start of a kind of Flamenco Renaissance. Outstanding dancers and soloists soon made their way out of the small cafes, into the great theaters and concert houses. It was now that guitar players acquired a true mastery of their craft. Actual Flamenco frequently shows the influence of other kinds of music, as Jazz, Salsa, Bossa Nova, etc.Even Flamenco dance has changed, with female dancers trying to highlight the traditional art of the dance, accompanied by the stamping of feet and the clacking of castanettes Mass media has brought Flamenco to the world stage, but from the very beginning, Flamenco was always an extremely intimate art form and remains so to this day.When you listen to authentic Flamenco by the moonlight in the South of Spain, you will be enchanted by the intensely romantic Latin spirit of this vigourously sensual spectacle. Let it stir your spirit as you capture the true essence of Spanish culture and pride.Fiestas and FolkloreBest known among Spains cultural attractions are certainly Flamenco and bullfights. Bullfights are immensely popular throughout Spain, with the top Bullfighters, or Matadors, often achieving the same popularity as pop or soccer stars.The most popular single event is perhaps the Running of Bulls -Sanfermines-in Pamplona. But bullfights are part and parcel of any Fiesta.Flamaenco, on the other hand, is the musical tradition in the south of the country, particularly in Andalusia. That is where you must go to experience first rate dancing and guitar playing. In April the Feria de Abril takes place in Seville an entire week of singing and dancing and trying the renowned Sherry wine and those delicious