2014考研英语真题词汇.docx

occurrence /krns/ |CET4 TEM41.N-COUNT An occurrence is something that happens. 发生的事情例：Complaints seemed to be an everyday occurrence. 投诉似乎成了天天发生的事。2.N-COUNT The occurrence of something is the fact that it happens or is present. (某事物的) 发生; 存在例：The greatest occurrence of coronary heart disease is in those over 65. 冠心病的最高发病率在65岁以上的人群中。feedback /fidbk/ |CET4 TEM41.N-UNCOUNT If you get feedback on your work or progress, someone tells you how well or badly you are doing, and how you could improve. If you get good feedback you have worked or performed well. 反馈例：Continue to ask for feedback on your work. 继续征求对你工作的反馈。2.N-UNCOUNT Feedback is the unpleasant high-pitched sound produced by a piece of electrical equipment when part of the signal that comes out goes back into it. (电子信号产生的) 尖厉噪声例：The microphone screeched with feedback. 麦克风发出了尖厉的噪声。excel /ksl/ |CET6+ TEM4V-T/V-I If someone excels in something or excels at it, they are very good at doing it. 例：Mary was a better rider than either of them and she excelled at outdoor sports. 例：Academically he began to excel. 他开始在学术上脱颖而出。inherit /nhrt/ |CET4 TEM41.V-T If you inherit money or property, you receive it from someone who has died. 继承 (财产)例：He has no son to inherit his land. 他没有儿子来继承他的土地。2.V-T If you inherit something such as a task, problem, or attitude, you get it from the people who used to have it, for example, because you have taken over their job or been influenced by them. 接手; 接任例：The Endara government inherited an impossibly difficult situation from its predecessors. 恩达拉政府从其前任手里接过了一个极为困难的局面。3.V-T If you inherit a characteristic or quality, you are born with it, because your parents or ancestors also had it. 经遗传而得 (特征、品质等)例：We inherit from our parents many of our physical characteristics. 我们从父母的遗传中得到许多体貌特征。例：Her children have inherited her love of sports. 她的孩子们从她那里继承了对体育运动的爱好。modify /mdfa/ |CET4 TEM41.V-T If you modify something, you change it slightly, usually in order to improve it. 修改例：The club members did agree to modify their recruitment policy. 俱乐部成员确已同意修改他们的入会政策。2.N-VAR 修改例：Relatively minor modifications were required. 需要相对较小的修改。register /rdst/ |CET4 TEM41.N-COUNT A register is an official list or record of people or things. 登记簿例：.registers of births, deaths, and marriages. 出生、死亡及结婚登记簿。2.V-T/V-I If you register to do something, you put your name on an official list, in order to be able to do that thing or to receive a service. 登记; 注册例：Have you come to register at the school? 你到学校来注册过了吗？例：Thousands lined up to register to vote. 数千人排队登记投票。eligible /ldbl/ |CET6 TEM81.ADJ Someone who is eligible to do something is qualified or able to do it, for example, because they are old enough. 有资格的例：Almost half the population are eligible to vote in todays election. 将近一半的居民有资格在今天的选举中投票。2.N-UNCOUNT 资格; 合格例：The rules covering eligibility for benefits changed in the 1980s. 关于社会救济金合格条件的规定在20世纪80年代发生了变化。3.ADJ An eligible man or woman is not yet married and is thought by many people to be a suitable partner. (指结婚对象) 令人中意的例：Hes the most eligible bachelor in Japan. 他是日本最令人中意的单身汉。indulgent /ndldnt/ |TEM41.ADJ If you are indulgent, you treat a person with special kindness, often in a way that is not good for them. 纵容的例：His indulgent mother was willing to let him do anything he wanted. 他那宽纵的母亲任他为所欲为。2.ADV 纵容地例：Najib smiled at him indulgently and said, Come on over when you feel like it. 纳吉布放任地对他笑着说，“你什么时候想来就过来。”indulge /ndld/ |CET6 TEM41.V-T/V-I If you indulge in something or if you indulge yourself, you allow yourself to have or do something that you know you will enjoy. 使沉溺; 沉溺例：Only rarely will she indulge in a glass of wine. 她只是偶尔才会喝上杯葡萄酒。例：He returned to Ohio so that he could indulge his passion for football. 他重返俄亥俄以释放自己对足球的激情。2.V-T If you indulge someone, you let them have or do what they want, even if this is not good for them. 纵容例：He did not agree with indulging children. 他不同意娇惯孩子。insult |CET4 TEM41.V-T If someone insults you, they say or do something that is rude or offensive. 辱骂; 侮辱; 冒犯例：I did not mean to insult you. 我并非故意要冒犯你。2.ADJ 被侮辱的例：I mean, I was a bit insulted that they thought I needed bribing to shut up. 我的意思是，我感到有些受侮辱的是他们认为我收受贿赂才肯闭嘴。3.N-COUNT An insult is a rude remark, or something a person says or does which insults you. 侮辱; 辱骂; 冒犯例：Their behaviour was an insult to the people they represent. 他们的行为是对他们所代表的人们的一种侮辱。4.PHRASE You say to add insult to injury when mentioning an action or fact that makes an unfair or unacceptable situation even worse. 更糟糕的是例：It is the victim who is often put on trial and, to add insult to injury, she is presumed guilty until proven innocent of provoking the rape. 受到审问的往往是受害者，更糟糕的是，她被假定为有罪，直到证明强奸并非由她挑逗而引起。crucial /krul/ |CET4 TEM41.ADJ If you describe something as crucial, you mean it is extremely important. 至关重要的例：He had administrators under him but made the crucial decisions himself. 尽管他手下有许多官员，但重要的决定还是他自己做。2.ADV 至关重要地例：Chewing properly is crucially important. 正确地咀嚼是至关重要的。instinct /nstkt/ |CET4 TEM41.N-VAR Instinct is the natural tendency that a person or animal has to behave or react in a particular way. 本能例：I didnt have as strong a maternal instinct as some other mothers. 我不像其他一些母亲那样有那么强烈的母性本能。2.N-COUNT If you have an instinct for something, you are naturally good at it or able to do it. 天分例：He seems to have an instinct for smart advertising and marketing. 他好像在广告和营销方面有天分。3.N-VAR If it is your instinct to do something, you feel that it is right to do it. 本能的反应例：I shouldve gone with my first instinct, which was not to do the interview. 我应该凭我的本能反应行事，那就是，不去面试。4.N-VAR Instinct is a feeling, rather than an opinion or idea based on facts, that something is the case. 直觉例：There is scientific evidence to support our instinct that being surrounded by plants is good for health. 有科学证据表明我们的直觉是正确的，即被植物环绕着有益健康。falsehood /flshd/ |CET6 TEM41.N-UNCOUNT Falsehood is the quality or fact of being untrue or of being a lie. 虚假例：She called the verdict a victory of truth over falsehood. 她称该裁定是一个真实对虚假的胜利。2.N-COUNT A falsehood is a lie. 谎言例：He accused them of knowingly spreading falsehoods about him. 他指控他们蓄意散步有关他的谎言。unconditional /nkndnl/ |CET6 TEM41.ADJ If you describe something as unconditional, you mean that the person doing or giving it does not require anything to be done by other people in exchange. 无条件的例：Children need unconditional love from their parents. 孩子们需要父母无条件的爱。2.ADV 无条件地例：The hostages were released unconditionally. 那些人质被无条件地释放了。mandatory /mndtr/ |CET6+ TEM81.ADJ If an action or procedure is mandatory, people have to do it, because it is a rule or a law. 法定的例：.the mandatory retirement age of 65. 65岁的法定退休年龄。2.ADJ If a crime carries a mandatory punishment, that punishment is fixed by law for all cases, in contrast to crimes for which the judge or magistrate has to decide the punishment for each particular case. (刑罚) 强制性的例：.the mandatory life sentence for murder. 谋杀罪的强制性终身监禁。claimant /kleimnt/n.1.提出要求的人；要求权利的人2.【法律】原告3.领取救济金(尤指失业救济金)的人entitlement /ntat lmnt/ N-VAR An entitlement to something is the right to have it or do it. 权利例：They lose their entitlement to welfare when they start work. 他们开始工作时就丧失了享受福利的权利。entitle /ntatl/ |CET4 TEM41.V-T If you are entitled to something, you have the right to have it or do it. 使有权例：If the warranty is limited, the terms may entitle you to a replacement or refund. 如果保修单有限制，这些条款可让你有权换货或退款。例：They are entitled to first class travel. 他们有权享受头等舱旅行。2.V-T If the title of something such as a book, film, or painting is, for example, Sunrise, you can say that it is entitled Sunrise. 给 (书、电影、画作等) 命名例：.a performance entitled United States. 一场名为“合众国”的演出。groundN-VAR If something is grounds for a feeling or action, it is a reason for it. If you do something on the grounds of a particular thing, that thing is the reason for your action. 理由例：In the interview he gave some grounds for optimism. 采访中他给出了一些乐观的理由。pile in(into) vif people pile in, they get into a vehicle very quickly拥进，挤进，蜂拥进入例 Pierre came to pick them up, and they all piled in. 皮埃尔开车来接他们，他们一拥而上。pile outphr vif people pile out, they leave a place or get out of a vehicle quickly and in a disorganized way挤出，蜂拥而出例 Edward parked by the river and we all piled out. 爱德华把车停在河边，我们一哄而下。nuisance /njusns/ |CET4 TEM41.N-COUNT If you say that someone or something is a nuisance, you mean that they annoy you or cause you a lot of problems. 令人讨厌的人或事物; 麻烦的人或事情例：He could be a bit of a nuisance when he was drunk. 他喝醉时会是一个有点令人讨厌的人。例：Sorry to be a nuisance. 对不起，麻烦一下。2.PHRASE If someone makes a nuisance of themselves, they behave in a way that annoys other people. 惹人讨厌。excessive /kssv/ |CET4 TEM41.ADJ If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable. 过多的; 过度的例：Their spending on research is excessive and is slowing developments of new treatments. 他们在研究上的花销过多，正在减慢新疗法的开发。2.ADV 过多地; 过度地例：Managers are also accused of paying themselves excessively high salaries. 经理们还被指责给自己发过高的工资。American Bar Association 美国律师协会work fearsomely hard 拼命努力工作implement |CET4 TEM41.V-T If you implement something such as a plan, you ensure that what has been planned is done. 实施; 执行例：The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions. 政府许诺要实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。2.N-UNCOUNT 实施; 执行例：Very little has been achieved in the implementation of the peace agreement signed last January. 去年1月份签署的和平协议的执行几乎没有什么进展。3.N-COUNT An implement is a tool or other piece of equipment. 器具例：.writing implements. 书写用具。sit for 参加；应考；到场；加入stern /stn/ |CET6 TEM41.ADJ Stern words or actions are very severe. (话语或行为) 严厉的例：Mr. Monroe issued a stern warning to those who persist in violence. 门罗先生向那些顽守暴力之徒发出严厉警告。2.ADV 严厉地例：We will take the necessary steps, she said sternly. “我们将采取必要措施，”她严厉地说道。3.ADJ Someone who is stern is very serious and strict. 苛刻的例：Her father was stern and hard to please. 她父亲苛刻，不易讨好。4.N the rear or after part of a vessel, opposite the bow or stem 船尾; 艉would-be ADJ You can use would-be to describe someone who wants or attempts to do a particular thing. For example, a would-be writer is someone who wants to be a writer. 想要成为的; 试图做的例：.a book that provides encouragement for would-be writers who cannot get their novel into print. 一本给不能使自己的小说出版而又想当作家的人提供鼓励的书。regulator /rjlet/ 1.N-COUNT A regulator is a person or organization appointed by a government to regulate an area of activity such as banking or industry. 监管人; 监管机构例：An independent regulator will be appointed to ensure fair competition. 一个独立的监管机构将受委派来确保公平竞争。2.ADJ 监管的例：.the U.S.s financial regulatory system. 美国的金融监管系统。liberalize /lbrlaz, lbrl-/ 1.V-T/V-I When a country or government liberalizes, or liberalizes its laws or its attitudes, it becomes less strict and allows people more freedom in their actions. 放宽 (限制)例：.authoritarian states that have only now begun to liberalize. 现在刚刚开始放宽限制的独裁国家。2.N-UNCOUNT 放宽例：.the liberalization of divorce laws in the late 1960s. 20世纪60年代后期对离婚法规的放宽。rigid /rdd/ |CET4 TEM41.ADJ Laws, rules, or systems that are rigid cannot be changed or varied, and are therefore considered to be rather severe. (法律、规章或制度) 僵死的; 过于严格的例：Several colleges in our study have rigid rules about student conduct. 我们调查中的几所学院对学生行为举止都有过于严格的规定。2.N-UNCOUNT (法律、规章或制度的) 僵死; 过于严格例：.the rigidity of government policy. 政府政策的僵化。3.ADJ If you disapprove of someone because you think they are not willing to change their way of thinking or behaving, you can describe them as rigid. (人) 刻板的; 头脑僵化的例：She was a fairly rigid person who had strong religious views. 她是个相当刻板、有着很强宗教观念的人。4.ADJ A rigid substance or object is stiff and does not bend, stretch, or twist easily. 僵硬的例：.rigid plastic containers. 坚硬的塑料容器。5.N-UNCOUNT 硬度例：.the strength and rigidity of glass. 玻璃的强度与硬度。guild /ld/ |CET6+N-COUNT A guild is an organization of people who do the same job. 同业公会例：.the Writers Guild of America. 美国作家协会。aggravate /rvet/ |CET6 TEM81.V-T If someone or something aggravates a situation, they make it worse. 使恶化例：Stress and lack of sleep can aggravate the situation. 紧张和缺少睡眠会使情况恶化。2.V-T If someone or something aggravates you, they make you annoyed. 使恼火例：What aggravates you most about this country? 这个国家最让你恼火的是什么？3.ADJ 恼人的例：You dont realize how aggravating you can be. 你没意识到你有多烦人。experiment |CET4 TEM44.N-VAR An experiment is the trying out of a new idea or method in order to see what it is like and what effects it has. 尝试例：As an experiment, we bought Ted a watch. 作为尝试，我们给特德买了块手表。5.V-I To experiment means to try out a new idea or method to see what it is like and what effects it has. 尝试例：.if you like cooking and have the time to experiment. 如果你喜欢烹饪并且有时间尝试的话。6.N-UNCOUNT 尝试例：Decentralization and experimentation must be encouraged. 权力下放和尝试必须予以鼓励。lucrative /lukrtv/ |CET6+ TEM8ADJ A lucrative activity, job, or business deal is very profitable. 获利丰厚的例：Thousands of ex-army officers have found lucrative jobs in private security firms. 成千上万的退役军官在私人保安公司找到了薪水丰厚的工作。entrepreneur /ntrprn/ |CET6 TEM4N-COUNT An entrepreneur is a person who sets up businesses and business deals. 创业者benefactor /bnfkt/ N-COUNT A benefactor is someone who helps a person or organization by giving them money. 捐助人例：In his old age he became a benefactor of the arts. 他晚年成了一位艺术赞助人。prestige /prsti/ |CET6 TEM41.N-UNCOUNT If a person, a country, or an organization has prestige, they are admired and respected because of the position they hold or the things they have achieved. 威望例：.efforts to build up the prestige of the United Nations. 为树立联合国威望而做的努力。例：It was his responsibility for foreign affairs that gained him international prestige. 是他在外交事务中的尽职尽责为他赢得了国际声望。2.ADJ Prestige is used to describe products, places, or activities that people admire because they are associated with being rich or having a high social position. 名贵的例：.such prestige cars as Cadillac, Mercedes, Porsche, and Jaguar. 像凯迪拉克、梅赛德斯、保时捷和捷豹这样的名贵轿车。distort /dstt/ |CET6 TEM41.V-T If you distort a statement, fact, or idea, you report or represent it in an untrue way. 歪曲; 曲解例：The media distorts reality; it categorizes people as all good or all bad. 媒体歪曲事实，将人分为十足的好人和坏蛋。2.ADJ 扭曲的例：These figures give a distorted view of the significance for the local economy. 这些数据对当地经济的重要性给出了歪曲的看法。3.V-T/V-I If something you can see or hear is distorted or distorts, its appearance or sound is changed so that it seems unclear. 扭曲; 失真例：A painter may exaggerate or distort shapes and forms. 画家可能会夸大或扭曲形状与形式。4.ADJ 扭曲的; 失真的例：Sound was becoming more and more distorted through the use of hearing aids. 由于使用助听器，声音变得越来越失真。cement /smnt/ |CET4 TEM41.N-UNCOUNT Cement is a grey powder which is mixed with sand and water in order to make concrete. 水泥例：Builders have trouble getting the right amount of cement into their concrete. 建筑工人们不知道该往混凝土中加入多少水泥才合适。2.N-UNCOUNT Cement is the same as . 混凝土例：.the hard, cold cement floor. 坚硬冰冷的混凝土地面。3.N-UNCOUNT Glue that is made for sticking particular substances together is sometimes called cement. 胶合剂例：Stick the pieces on with tile cement. 用瓷砖胶合剂把这些碎片粘上。4.V-T Something that cements a relationship or agreement makes it stronger. 巩固 (关系、协约)例：Nothing cements a friendship between countries so much as trade. 没有任何东西能比贸易更能巩固国家间的友谊了。5.V-T If things are cemented together, they are stuck or fastened together. 使黏结例：Most artificial joints are cemented into place. 绝大部分人造关节是被黏结复位的。the status quo 现状myth /m/ |CET4 TEM41.N-VAR A myth is a well-known story which was made up in the past to explain natural events or to justify religious beliefs or social customs. 神话例：There is a famous Greek myth in which Icarus flew too near to the Sun. 一个著名的希腊神话中说，伊卡洛斯飞得离太阳太近了。2.N-VAR If you describe a belief or explanation as a myth, you mean that many people believe it but it is actually untrue. 谬见例：Contrary to the popular myth, women are not reckless spendthrifts. 与盛行的谬见相反，女人们并非挥霍无度。scattered /sktd/ 1.ADJ Scattered things are spread over an area in an untidy or irregular way. 分散的例：He picked up the scattered toys. 他把散落的玩具捡了起来。例：Tomorrow there will be a few scattered showers. 明天局部地区将会有阵雨。2.ADJ If something is scattered with a lot of small things, they are spread all over it. 布满的例：Every surface is scattered with photographs. 每面都贴满了照片。distribute /dstrbjut/ |CET4 TEM41.V-T If you distribute things, you hand them or deliver them to a number of people. 分发例：Students shouted slogans and distributed leaflets. 学生们高呼口号，散发传单。2.V-T When a company distributes goods, it supplies them to the stores or businesses that sell them. 配销例：We didnt understand how difficult it was to distribute a national paper. 我们不明白配销一份全国性的报纸有多么困难。3.V-T To distribute a substance over something means to scatter it over it. 散布例：Distribute the topping evenly over the fruit. 将浇头均匀地浇在水果上。recipient /rspnt/ |CET6 TEM8N-COUNT The recipient of something is the person who receives it. 接受者例：.the largest recipient of U.S. foreign aid. 最大的美国对外援助接受方。oriented /rntd/ ADJ If someone is oriented toward or oriented to a particular thing or person, they are mainly concerned with that thing or person. 以为方向的; 重视的例：It seems almost inevi