精品解析：【全国百强校】河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期一轮复习周测英语试题（解析版）.doc

河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期一轮复习周测英语试题第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AIts rare that you see the words “shyness” and “letter” in the same sentence.After all,the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent networkers and that those shy people are not.A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership.Interestingly,the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shytheyre just better at adapting themselves to situational demands.Bill Gates,Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few innies.Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking,shy people take a cautious approach to chance.Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering,shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak.Theyre not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking,but rather listening so they can learn what to say.Along the same lines,shy people share a common love of learning.They are intrinsically（内在地） motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.Being shy can also bring other benefits.Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute,until shy little Johnny,who almost never said a word,cut in?Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking.This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence: they own the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully,which translate to a positive image.Shyness is often related to modesty.Not to say that limelight-seekers arent modest,but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements.As a result,they are able to acknowledge mistakes,imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones,theyre more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires.Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that arent primarily apparent.Dont believe me?Maybe youll believe Albert Einstein,who once said,Its not that Im so smart,its that I stay with problems longer.Obviously,finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding.Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.1. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that_.A. shy people are sensitive to rewardsB. shy people care more about contentC. outgoing people are more careful about chancesD. outgoing people consider what to learn while listening2. The example of Johnny shows_.A. shy people are likely to be modestB. hardworking students speak little in publicC. some students keep silent on purpose at schoolD. shy people may have an advantage in discussion3. We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that_.A. shyness results in successB. shyness contributes to popularityC. outside reward leads to insistenceD. uncertainty counts more than certainty4. The author supports his ideas mainly by_.A. giving definitions and presenting research resultsB. explaining problems and providing solutionsC. quoting authorities and making evaluationsD. making contrasts and gibing examples【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D【解析】试题分析：本文属于科普说明文，主要分析了生性害羞的人与外向的人相比有着一定的优势。1. B 推理判断题。根据第二段二、三句Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. Theyre not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say.可知害羞的人很认真地听其他人所说的内容并消化吸收。他们认真地听是因为他们可以从别人所说的话中学到很多。这些都说明害羞的人实际上非常在意别人说话的内容。故B正确。2. D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence：they own the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image.可知很害羞不愿意表达自己观点的Johnny一直都没有说话，但他突然插话，所有人都转身听他陈述观点，他镇定地陈述了自己的思想。这个例子说明因为害羞的人平时很少说话，但是一旦发表观点了，别人就很在意。在讨论中往往会有一点优势，故D项正确。3. A 句意理解题。根据前句Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that arent primarily apparent.害羞的人更可能坚持找到并不是很明显的问题的解决方法。这说明害羞的人很专注于自己的问题。故A项正确。4. D 写作手法题。作者在文章中主要通常把害羞的人和外向的人进行比较，也通过举例说明的方法说明害羞的人在各方面都有一些优势。故D正确。考点：考查说明文阅读B“Cant hold a candle to” is a popular expression.When there wasnt electricity,someone would have a servant light his way by holding a candle.The expression meant that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servant.Now,it means such a person cannot compare or compete.Another expression is “hold your tongue.”It means to be still and not talk.“Hold your tongue”is not something you would tell a friend.But a parent or teacher might use the expression to quiet a noisy child.“Hold out”is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor news.It means to refuse to play or work. Professional football and baseball players “hold out” if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worth.The expression “hold up” has several different meanings.One is a robbery.A man with a gun may say,“This is a hold up.Give me your money.”Another meaning is to delay.A driver who was held up by heavy traffic might be late for work.Another meaning is for a story to be considered true after an investigation.A story can hold up if it is proved true.“Hold on” is another expression,which means wait or stop.As you leave for school,your brother may say,“Hold on,you forgot your book.” It is used to ask a telephone caller to wait and not hang up his telephone.Our final expression is “hold the line.”That means to keep a problem or situation from getting worseto hold steady.For example,the president may say he will “hold the line on taxes.”He means there will be no increase in taxes.5. The expression “cant hold a candle to” can be used when _.A. some footballers refuse to play a gameB. someone else is wanted on the phoneC. someone is not qualified for a positionD. someone was delayed by heavy traffic6. The tune of the phrase “hold your tongue” is probably a little_.A. amusing B. politeC. unfriendly D. offensive7. If some teachers “hold out”,they probably_.A. change their attitude B. refuse to workC. make a compromise D. show their devotion8. Which of the following sentences can convey positive meanings?A. I was late as I was held up by a hold up.B. Hold on!You have to pay the bill,sir.C. You cant even hold a candle to Michael.D. I promise to hold the line on house prices.【答案】5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D【解析】试题分析：本文属于文化类说明文，介绍了英语中几个常用的短语，介绍了每个短语的内在含义和具体使用语境并举例进行了说明。5. C 推理判断题。根据第一段后2行The expression meant that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servantNow，it means such a person cannot compare or compete这个短语是指那些不会给你拿蜡烛的人是不适合做你的仆人的，也就是说这样的人是不合格的。故该短语是指C项含义。6. C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段Another expression is“hold your tongue”It means to be still and not talk“Hold your tongue”is not something you would tell a friend课hold your tongue表示让对方不要说话，保持安静。这是一个不太礼貌的用语。不是我们经常和朋友讲的用语。故C正确。7. B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句It means to refuse to play or work可知hold out表示罢工或者拒绝工作。如果老师hold out说明老师拒绝上课了。故B项正确。8. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段That means to keep a problem or situation from getting worseto hold steady可知hold the line表示不让事情失败，让事情保持稳定。这个短语表示的是褒义。故D正确。考点：考查说明文阅读CHow can we reduce the risk?There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic（火山似的）dangers.We can try to keep the danger from occurringoften an impossible task.We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development.We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.Removing the ThreatClearly,there is no way to stop an eruption.We can,however,attempt to reduce the eruptions effects by strengthening structures,for example,building protective works such as walls to make lava（熔岩）flow away from developed areas.Such efforts can be and have been successful,but are of limited use in a large-scale（范围）eruption.Planning for the FutureProtecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task.Before building houses,we should judge the risk.If the risk seems too great,a safer location should be found.This type of planning is very effective,but all too often,people are drawn to the lush（葱郁的）,rolling land of a quiet volcano.Disaster Preparedness（预案）When a volcano comes to life,a few weeks may not be enough to avoid a tragedy.Planning is the key to saving lives.Well before the warning signs occur,people must be educated about volcanic dangers.Escape plans must be in place.Communication between scientists,officials,the media,and the general public should be practiced.Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.If you doubt the importance of these efforts,take another look at past volcanic tragedies,such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz.Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape.When a deadly mudflow came down the slope（斜坡）,21,000 people90 percent of the towns peopledied.9. The passage is intended for_.A. the general public B. architectsC. adventurers D. geographers10. When building houses,people tend to_.A. judge volcanic dangers carefullyB. take volcanic dangers seriouslyC. live near a quiet volcanoD. find a safer place far away from a volcano11. The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove_.A. the failure to keep volcanic dangers from happeningB. the importance of preparing for a volcanic eruptionC. the bravery of the people in Armero TownD. the uncertainty of volcanos damage【答案】9. A 10. C 11. B【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文阅读，主要讲述了采取哪些行动来减少火山喷发对我们的影响和伤害。【小题1】A推理判断题。根据第一段第三句We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. 和第三段第一句 Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building houses, we should judge the risk. 本文主要告诉我们的是如何避开火山喷发的危险，协作的对象不是建筑师，不是冒险家也不是地理学家，所以本文是写给大众的，故轩A。【小题2】C细节理解题。根据第三部分最后一句This type of planning is very effective, but all too often, people are drawn to the lush(葱郁的)，rolling land of a quiet volcano.，可知人们经常被葱郁的坡地所吸引，实际上那里是火山经常存在的地方。故轩C。【小题3】 B 推理判断题。根据第四部分第一段第二句Planning is the key to saving lives.可知在预防火山喷发时，有计划性是很重要的。再根据第二段第一句If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz.作者列举Nevado del Ruiz的例子就是为了说明有计划的重要性，因为在这次火山喷发中，正是因为没有准备，导致了很大伤亡。故B正确。考点：考察说明文阅读【名师点睛】关于推理判断题推理题是在掌握文章大意基础上看出作者的“ 言外之意”(between the lines)。这既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，有些推断题要从文章结构的角度进行分析，才能推断出正确答案。因此，阅读时不仅要注重词、句的理解，而且还要分析语篇的组织结构。这类试题常以如下句式发问： What can you infer /learn/conclude from the passage? Whats the authors attitude toward? What does the passage suggest? The author in this passage intends to _。答推理题时，一般无法直接从文中找到答案，但绝不可凭空猜测，也要找到答题依据。要通过文章主旨、字里行间或文中例子进行推断，通过含有感情色彩或描述情景的词句来领会作者的态度或语气，有的题也可根据常识理解来推断。但无论怎样，推理判断要以作者态度为准，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。比如文章23.【小题3】The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove _. A. The failure to keep volcanic dangers from happeningB. The importance of preparing for a volcanic eruption C. The bravery of the people in Armero TownD. The uncertainty of volcanos damage.根据第四部分第一段第二句Planning is the key to saving lives.可知在预防火山喷发时，有计划性是很重要的。再根据第二段第一句If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz.作者列举Nevado del Ruiz的例子就是为了说明有计划的重要性，因为在这次火山喷发中，正是因为没有准备，导致了很大伤亡。故B正确。DI was born and raised in Minnesota,the USA,but us an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa.I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris.For the last 15 years,Ive studied how people in different parts of the world build trust,communicate,and make decisions especially in the workplace.While traveling in Tokyo recently with Japanese colleague,I gave a short talk to a group of 20 managers.At the end,I asked whether there were any questions or comments.No hands went up,so I went to sit down.My colleague whispered to me,“I think there actually were some comments,Erin.Do you mind if I try?”I agreed,but I guessed it a waste of breath.He asked the group again,“Any comments or questions?”Still,no one raised a hand,but this time he looked very carefully at each person in the silent audience.Gesturing to one of them,he said,“Do you have something to add?”To my amazement,she responded “Yes,thank you.” and asked me a very interesting question.My colleague repeated this several times,looking directly at the audience and asking for more questions or comments.After the session,I asked my colleague,“How do you know that those people had questions?”He hesitated,not sure how to explain it,and then said,“It has to do with how bright their eyes are.”He continued,“In Japan,we dont make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West.So when you asked if there were any comments,most people were not looking directly at you.But a few people in the group were looking right at you,and their eyes were bright.That indicates that they would be happy to have you call on them.”I thought to myself I would never have learned from my upbringing in Minnesota.Since then,I try to focus on understanding behavior in other cultures I encounter,and keep finding the bright eyes in the room.12. What can we conclude from the first paragraph?A. Life in Minnesota has made the author worn out.B. The author enjoys traveling around the world.C. Different cultures are kind of familiar to the author.D. The author may start his own business in the future.13. Hearing the colleague whispering,the author_.A. went back to his seat and got seatedB. knew his colleague had some questionsC. owed a big debt of gratitude to his colleagueD. thought his colleague would get nowhere14. Where does the authors colleague probably come from?A. Japan. B. America.C. Africa. D. France15. Which is the proper title for the passage?A. Focusing on Behavior in Cultures.B. Looking at Another Culture in the Eye.C. Sharing Different Cultures in Tokyo.D. Admiring the Beauty in the Eye.【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B【解析】试题分析: 文章讲述的是作者出生和长大，以至于生活在不同的地方，对于多国文化了解很好，但从日本朋友明白，用眼看待另外一种文化12. C考查推理判断题。根据第一段提到作者出生在明尼苏达州长大后生活在欧洲和非洲，在国际学校里教授跨文化管理，故可知选C项。14. A 考查推理判断题。根据第五段提到He continued, “In Japan, we dont make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West他继续首，在日本，我们不会象你们西方人一样直接看别人的眼睛，故可知他是日本人，故选A项。15. B 考查文章的标题。文章讲述的是作者出生和长大，以至于生活在不同的地方，对于多国文化了解很好，但从日本朋友明白，用眼看待另外一种文化，故选B项。考点：文化类阅读。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Study BetterIf you want to study better,you should pay attention to learning methods,study skills and study habits. Developing themcanhelpyoulearnbetter.Keepyourstudyareatidyandorganized.Papers,books,magazines,orpicturesalloveryourworkareamaydistractyoufromtheworkyouhavetodo._16_Iftherearetoomanyiconsonyourdesktop,itisdifficultforyoutofindwhatyouneedimmediately.Maintainaquietworkareaforyourself.Makesureyourworkareaisfreeofdistractions.Therearetoomanydistractionsathome,suchasaphone,music,TV,friends,orfamilymembers.Properstudyspacecanusuallybefoundinthepubliclibrary,schoollibrary,oryourbedroom._17_18_Whilelearning,youneedwrite,calculateandlookupsomething.Soitisveryimportantandnecessarytohaveallthenecessarymaterialsandtoolsthatyouneedwithyou.Inthisway,youneedntbebusyborrowingthem._19_Inadditiontoreadingyourtextbook,itishelpfultoreadorviewmaterialsfromothersources,suchasnewspapers,magazines,theInternet,andtelevisionprograms.Youcanunderstandwhatyouwilllearninclassbetter.Neverforgettotakenotescarefullyinclass.Takingnotescarefullycanhelptograspthekeyparts._20_Wecansaythatitisreallyasuccessfulwaytostudy.A.Aquietplacecanhelptoimprovestudyefficiency.B.Youshouldknowhowtoscheduleyourstudytime.C.Thesameisyourcomputerdesktop.D.Tryhardtolearnknowledgeasmuchaspossible.E.Itisconvenienttoreviewthemlater.F.Havingnecessarymaterialsisverybeneficialtostudy.G.Getreadyforclassbyreadingextramaterialsaheadoftime.【答案】16. C 17. A 18. F 19. G 20. E【解析】试题分析：16. C考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。根据下一句“If there are too many icons on your desktop, it is difficult for you to find what you need immediately.”可知，句中和选项中都有“desktop”。句意：你的电脑桌面也一样，如果有太多图标在桌面上，就很难马上找到你需要的东西。故选C。17. A考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。从该段落第1句“Maintain a quiet work area for yourself.”可知，此段说的是“quiet area”，那么末句应该是此段动总结句，应包括“quiet”。故选A。18. F考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。该段落第3句“So it is very important and necessary to have all the necessary materials and tools that you need with you.”和选项F都有“necessary materials”。故选F。19. G考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。该段落中 “In addition to reading your textbook, it is helpful to read or view materials from other sources, such as newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and television programs.”的“other sources”和选项G中的“extra materials”相对应。故选G。20. E考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。该段落中“Never forget to take notes carefully in class. Taking notes carefully can help to grasp the key parts.”与选项E的内容又承接关系。句意：永远不要忘记在课堂上做笔记，做笔记能帮助抓住重点，这样课后复习很方便。故选E。【名师点睛】阅读填空是新课标英语高考的新题型。掌握这种题型的解题技巧和方法至关重要。下面结合本题介绍一下解题技巧。1）从意思上判断：在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。本题中的40题就是根据前后句的逻辑意思进行判