词法整理(高一）MicrosoftWord文档.doc

高中词法整理(高一）(人教版高考复习英语教案教学设计)1、lonely adj。（1）unhappy because one is alone or without friends孤独的，寂寞的；当lonely作此解时在句中可用作表语或定语。e.g. When his wife died, he felt very lonely. 妻子去世后，他感到很孤独。（作表语）The old man lives a lonely life. 这位老人过着寂寞的生活。（作定语）（2）（of places） without people; not often visited; （指地点）荒凉的。e.g. The strange man lives in a lonely house in the village. 那个古怪的人住在乡间一幢荒凉的房子里。注意：lonely 与alone是有区别的。Alone作形容词时通常表示“独自的”、“单独的”，在句中只作表语。而lonely则表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞的一种感情。试比较：Though I was alone, I was not lonely. 虽然我是独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。2、 after doing sth. 此处after是介词，与动名词或动名词短语连用，在句中作状语。可相当于连词after引导的一个时间状语从句。e.g. After I finished the homework, I went to bed. 可改写成：After finishing the homework, I went to bed.注意：此句式只有当主句和从句用同一个主语时才成立。3、 change n. work given to sb. as a duty. 负责；管理（1） in charge of sth. 负责、掌管（某事）e.g. Mr. Smith is in charge of the work of our class. 史密斯先生负责我们班的工作。（2） under / in the charge of sb. 由管；由负责e.g. This ward of the hospital is in the charge of Dr. Green. 医院的这个病房由格林先生负责。4、 at the end of 在的最后（结尾），在的尽头（末端）e.g. At the end of this mouth we are going to have an outing. 本月底我们打算作一次远足。试比较：by the end of 在结束时；到末为止How many English words had you learned by the end of last term? 到上学期末，你们学了多少英语单词？in the end at last; finally最后、终于e.g. In the end he found what he wanted.终于他找到了他所要的东西。5、 different from与不同；different in在不同e.g. Saying a thing is quite different from doing it. 说一件事和做一件事大不一样。He is a different man from what he was 10 years ago. 与十年前的他相比，他是另外一个人了。6、 a little; a lot 能起副作用，在句中作状语，表示程度；亦可用以修饰形容词或副词的比较级。e.g. I am I think a little afraid of you. 我想，我有点儿怕你。（作状语，修饰形容词afraid）Edison had read a lot before he was taken out of school.爱迪生在退学前已看了很多书。（作状语）The teacher told me to speak a little louder. 老师叫我大声点儿讲。（修饰副词的比较级louder）The boy is feeling a lot better today. 这男孩今天感到身体好多了。（修饰形容词well的比较级better, a lot在此处同much）7、 be fond of like; be full of love for喜欢；爱（1） 后跟名词或代词：e.g. I am fond of music. 我喜欢音乐。（2） 后跟动名词：e.g. We found out that he was very fond of you. 事实上，他很喜欢你。8、 catch sb. around the neck 勾住的脖子e.g. The drowning boy caught John around the neek to swim back to the bank. 那个溺水的男孩勾住约翰的脖子游回岸边去。此类短语有catch sb. by the arm 等e.g. The policeman caught him by the arm. 警察拉住了他的胳膊。John hit him in the face. 约翰打了他的脸。The stone hit me on the head. 石头击中我的头部。注意：此类短语中，身体的某一部位前须用定冠词the。9、 助动词do, (does) 和did用在肯定句中表示强调，作“的确”、“确实”讲e.g. If you do know the answer, say it in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear. 如果你确实知道这个答案，就用足够大的声音来回答，使全班同学都能听到。注意：助动词do 还可用在祈使句中，表示强调，作“一定”、“千万”讲。e.g. Do write to us as soon as you get to America.你一到美国一定要给我们来信。10、 reach v.（1） vt. get to, arrive in (at) 到达，抵达；达到e.g. We had one km to go to reach the nearest railway station. 我们得步行一公里才能抵达最近的火车站。（2） vt. put ones hand out and touch sth. 伸手及到e.g. The girl is not tall enough to reach the apple on the table. 这个女孩不够高，够不着桌上的那个苹果。（3） vt. （of things or places）to be big enough to touch; stretch out as far as （事物）大得足以及到；（地方）达到，延伸e.g. The ladder wont quite reach (as far as) the top of the monument. 这梯子很难够着那座碑的顶部。11、 Fear（1） n. the feeling that one has when danger is near; the feeling that sth. (usu. unpleasant) is likely to happen 害怕；恐惧；担心e.g. I couldnt move because of fear. 我吓得不能动弹。（2） 用于短语in fear惊恐的，介词短语作状语，用以修饰动词，表示伴随状态。e.g. She stood there in fear and didnt know what to do. 她惊恐地站在那儿，不知该怎么办。类似的介词短语还有in a hurry急匆匆地；in surprise惊讶地；in a loud (low) voice 大（低）声地等。（3） vt. be afraid of 惧怕；害怕e.g. There is nothing to fear in the world. 世界上没有什么可惧怕的事情。（4） 其形容词为：fearful afraid 害怕的；fearless without fear 无畏的；不怕的e.g. Joe Hill was a fearless fighter. 乔希尔是个大无畏的战士。12、 ask about; ask after; ask for（1） ask about inquire about sb. / sth. 询问、打听（某人或某事的情况）e.g. The pilot asked about the weather conditions. 那位飞行员打听天气的情况。（2） ask after (sb.) 问候；问好.g. I met George on my way home yesterday and he asked after you. 昨天我在回家的路上遇见乔治，他问候你。（3） ask for请求；向要e.g. Did anyone ask for me? 有人来找过我吗？13、 My trousers need shortening.我的裤子需要改短。此句中need是实义动词，作“需要”讲，后接动名词，和主语间有动宾关系，主动形式表示被动。此结构和need后接动词不定式的被动形式含义相同，即也可用My trousers need to be shortened. 表示。14、 mind v. 介意；在乎；反对，当动词mind为此意时常用在疑问、否定或条件句中。e.g. I dont mind the cold weather. 我不在乎这样的冷天。注意：此句式中，mind后只接动名词，表示请求。与Please turn down the radio for a little.含义相近。e.g. Do you mind if I smoke here? 我在此抽烟你不反对吗？注意：此句中也可用Would you mind my (me) smoking here? 表示，意义相近，以征求对方的意见或许可。15、 run (ran, run) vi.（1） to continue in operation, performance, etc. （工作等）进行情况；（演出等）持续；（合同等）有效期（多久）。e.g. Is everything running well in your office? 工作顺利吗？（2） to move on ones legs at a speed faster than walking 跑；奔跑。e.g. Several children are running about on the sand. 好几个孩子在沙滩上到处奔跑。（3）（车辆等）行驶。e.g. The buses run until after twelve. 那些公共汽车一直行驶到12点以后。（4） to cause to work or be in operation （机器）运转；（钟表）走动。e.g. Does your watch run well? 你的表走得准吗？16、Look forward to 盼望；希望（注意此短语中的to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。）e.g. The children are looking forward to the coming Christmas Day. 孩子们期盼着即将来临的圣诞节。17、 because of by the reason of 由于；因为。此介词短语后一般接名词，在句中作状语，相当于连词because引导的原因状语从句。e.g. He couldnt walk so fast as the others because of his wounded leg. (= because his leg was wounded.) 由于一条腿受了伤，他不能与其他人走得一样快。18、 begin with 以开始；以作为开端e.g. The concert began with the National Anthem. 这场音乐会以奏国歌开场。注：与此短语相对的是end with, 意思是“以结束”；“以结尾”。注意短语to begin with作“首先”解。试比较：We cant go. To begin with, its too cold. Besides, we have no money. 我们不能去，首先是天气太冷，再者我们没有钱。19、 divideinto把分成；be divided into分成；划分成。e.g. We divided ourselves into two groups and then began the game. 我们分成2个组，就开始比赛了。20、 future（1）n. time yet to come 将来；未来；今后1） in future from now on 从今以后e.g. Youd better be more careful with your spelling in future. 今后在拼写方面你最好更仔细些。2） in the future将来；未来e.g. No one knows what the computers will be like in the future. 没人知道在将来计算机会是怎样的。（2）n. （expected or planned for）a persons life in time yet to come. 前途，前景He really had great future. 他的确有个光辉的前景。（3） adj. 将来的；未来