人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes grammar课时作业 (5).docx

unit 4 earthquakes grammar课时作业 .阅读理解ameet liam mills，the first aid specialist who provides lifesaving support at festivals and events，and hes just 16 years old.a bit young to be a first aider，arent you?you might think that，but in fact ive been doing this for almost a year now.i already have a huge amount of valuable experience.why did you join the british red cross?ive always been interested in first aid，so when i saw some red cross volunteers at a local event i went over for a quick talk.after hearing what they had to say，i jumped at the chance of joining. whats the big attraction?as soon as youve treated an injured man，you will never look back.ive treated many types of injury now，from cut fingers to even heart disease cases.its endlessly challenging and interesting.what have you learned?im now a skilled volunteer，which means i have additional qualifications (资历) on top of my standard first aid certificate (证书)for example，im qualified to use entonox (laughing gas) for pain management.first aid with the red cross is a whole lot more than just cleaning and dressing wounds.any standout memories?once，my colleague and i attended a call.as we approached the scene，all i could see was someone lying perfectly still on the floor.when you realise that someone is helpless and completely depending on you to do the right thing，you feel this sudden rush of responsibility.but fortunately，our training means we have the confidence and knowledge to deal with such situations.best thing about being an event first aider?you get to help people，while also enjoying the chance of going to lots of great events.it really is a winwin situation.语篇解读本文是一则访谈。文章是对急救小专家liam mills的采访。1the underlined phrase “jumped at” can be replaced by “ ”amissedbwaited forctook dturned down解析：词义猜测题。由划线处上文中的问题why did you join the british red cross？可知，liam mills抓住机会加入了英国红十字会，由此推断，jumped at the chance意为“抓住机会”。答案：c2what does liam mills think of first aid?aboring. bdangerous.ceasy. dattractive.解析：推理判断题。 由whats the big attraction？回答部分中的its endlessly challenging and interesting可知，liam mills觉得急救工作是很有吸引力的。答案：d3what can we infer from the text?aall first aiders can use entonox.bfirst aiders just do some simple work.cliam mills still lacks confidence in his work.dliam mills benefits from his first aid experiences.解析：推理判断题。由最后一段可知，liam mills从急救中也获益颇多，他认为这是一个双赢的局面。答案：dbin many sports，physical contact (身体接触) is part of the game.but when athletes hit their heads，the hit can cause concussions (脑震荡)concussions have long been a concern for professional athletes，but theyve become more common among young players too.between 2001 and 2009，the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent.engineers are developing new helmets (头盔)，and new rules are limiting physical contact in some sports.but are these efforts enough to protect kids brains?concussions can happen during many types of activities.but sports like football and soccer are especially risky.when you run or jump，your body is moving at an increased speed.a sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different direction.“its like when youre in a bus and it makes a sudden stop，” says dr kevin crutchfield，an expert at a sports concussion center in baltimore，maryland.“you hit the inside of the bus.”this hit damages the brain.it affects the way the brain functions.so some sports require athletes to wear helmets.helmets help reduce the force of a hit.the hard outer shell spreads the force over a larger area.inside a helmet，a plastic or airfilled lining also helps soften the blow.steve rowson is an engineer at virginia tech.in his lab，he tests how helmets hold up against different types of hits.no helmet can prevent concussions completely，says rowson.but hes found that when wearing a newer football helmet，the players head doesnt gain speed as much after a hit.that lowers the risk of concussions.many youth sports teams have set limits on physical contact to reduce the risk of concussions.in soccer，most concussions happen as a result of headersshots or passes made with the head.thats why many people think kids shouldnt head the ball until high school.these efforts should help，says crutchfield.but the best way to prevent longterm brain injuries，he says，is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion.“protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.”语篇解读本文是说明文。青少年在运动中因头部撞击导致脑震荡的比例在逐年增高。工程师、医生和教练采取措施改善这一情况。4concussions among young players .aare rare before 2001bseem extremely worryingccause kids to lose interest in sportsdare mostly caused by wearing no helmets解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的more common和each year increased by 62 percent可知，青少年因体育运动导致脑震荡的情况越来越严重，令人担忧。答案：b5the author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to .astress its dangerous to ride busesbshow human brains are easily damagedcgive a better explanation of concussionsdremind people to wear helmets while playing sports解析：推理判断题。作者在第五段中提到公交车急刹车时人们会受到撞击，将之与人们在运动时发生脑震荡的情况相比较，使这一概念更容易被理解。答案：c6what does steve rowson think of the newer football helmets?athey vary a lot in size.bthey work better than the old ones.cthey slow down the players running speed.dthey allow the players to move their heads more freely.解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的 but hes found that when wearing a newer football helmet，the players head doesnt gain speed as much after a hit. that lowers the risk of concussions可知，新款头盔效果更好些，可以更好地保护运动员的头部免受伤害。答案：b7dr crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion，young players should .anever head the ballbavoid dangerous sportscplay other kinds of sportsdstop playing the sport for a while解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion可知，crutchfield建议年轻的运动员在运动中发生脑震荡时，一定要及时停止运动，这样才能避免给大脑造成长期的损伤，才有利于今后更好地开展这项运动。答案：dcnew research from the university of miami is showing that languages with complex tones like mandarintend to occur more often in wet regions，while languages with simple toneslike swedishoccur in dry regions.“english is a nontonal language which originates in a relatively dry part of the world.its in the top 15 percent of the driest languages.this fits with our hypothesis (假说)its perfectly possible that the english language could adopt tones in areas that are now more humid，or as the climate changes，” says sean roberts，who works on global differences in geophonetics (地理语音学)the research changes how language evolution is understood，with data drawn from over half the worlds tongues.“broadly，this suggests another nonconscious way in which humans have adapted to their very different and extremely cruel environments，” says caleb everett，the researcher on the project.“also，there may be some health benefits to certain sound patterns in certain climates，but more research is needed.”breathing in dry air may cause a speakers voice box to lose too much water，decreasing voice range.“theres a hypothesis several anthropologists，who study people，society and culture，have put forward that languages in warmer climates such as kenya tend to have higher rates of mouth opening，” says everett.“languages do gain and lose tones，and can do so quite quickly.ancient dialects of chinese had no tone，and korean is currently undergoing tonogenesis (gaining tones)，” adds roberts.at present，its very difficult to say whether very early languages had tones or not.“one of the things well be researching next is whether languages gain or lose tones when entering or leaving dry climates，” says roberts.“this will involve reconstructing linguistic history using statistical methods.effectively，this will also involve modelling climate change.”语篇解读 新研究发现气候能够改变人们的说话方式。8what may be robertss hypothesis?athe wetter the area is，the simpler the tone is.bthe drier the area is，the fewer tones the language has.cthe warmer the climate becomes，the simpler the tone is.dthe hotter the climate becomes，the more complex the tone is.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容、第二段首句和this fits with our hypothesis.可推知，roberts他们的设想是气候越干，语调越简单；气候越湿，语调越复杂。答案：b9according to the research，language evolution shows .acultural communicationbsurvival of the fittestcgeographical differencesdclimate changes解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的broadly，this suggests another nonconscious way in which humans have adapted to their very different and extremely cruel environments.可推知，在研究者看来，语言演变表明适者生存。答案：b10the scientists are certain that .athere are some health benefits to certain sound patterns in certain climatesbthe english language could adopt tones in areas that are now more humidclanguages in warmer climates have higher rates of mouth openingdlanguages can gain and lose tones quite quickly over time解析：细节理解题。根据possible，may be，hypothesis可排除a、b、c选项，从倒数第二段首句可知d选项正确。答案：d11what is the best title for the passage?aclimate tones.bgeography changes.ca proven hypothesis.dlanguage conditions.解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了气候能够改变人们的说话语调。答案：a.七选五moving abroad can be a challenging experience.you leave your family，friends and everything you know behind.you enter a new culture where the customs and sometimes the languages are different. 1 .its a time to discover new things，make new friends and begin a new adventure.so what are the best ways to involve yourself in the new culture while living abroad?live with a native speaker 2 .first，you have a friend! living alone can be a lonely experience，especially if youre far from home.ive also had the opportunity to meet my housemates friends and socialize (交往) with them. 3 .in addition，you have someone to tell you about the cultural customs and interesting places in the area.socialize with the local peoplethe thought of making friends and mixing with the local people may seem scary at firs