译林版高中英语选修8学案：语法详解 Unit2　.doc

四、语法详解省略（一）为了使语言简洁或避免重复，要省略句子的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略。（二）省略常见情形：1.在由and连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。（1）省略共同的主语或宾语。mr. smith picked up a coin on the road and (mr. smith)handed it to a policeman.史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币，并把它交给了警察。(2)若主语不同而谓语助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的情态动词或助动词。jack must have been playing football and mary (must have been) doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽在写作业。（3）若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。his advice made me happy,but(his advice made)jim angry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆很生气。（4）若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。i was born in winter 1998 and bob(was born in winter) in 1989.我出生于1998年的冬天，鲍勃是1989年冬天。（5）省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。he was late because he had overslept and (because he had)missed the train.他迟到了，因为睡过了头误了火车。2.状语从句中的省略（1）在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if/though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句中主语和be常被省略。his opinion,whether(it is) right or wrong,would be considered.他的意见，无论对错，都要考虑。errors,if(there are)any, should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应当改正。（2）在as,than,however,whatever,no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。after two hours she became quieter(than she had been).两个小时后，她安静多了。（3）虚拟条件句常省略if,将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。should there be a flood(=if there should be a flood),what should we do?如果发生了洪水我们该怎么办？had he taken my advice,he would be a college student now.如果他早接受我的建议，他现在就是一名大学生了。（4）有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。i would have come yesterday(if i had wanted to).我昨天本来可以来的（如果我想来的话）。活学巧用1.单项填空（1）she hurriedly left the room_.a.as if angryb.as if she angryc.as if were she angryd.as if be angry提示:补充完整为：“as if she were angry”;因主句主语与从句主语一致，且谓语动词为be，从句主语和谓语可省略。答案:a（2）meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_i will always treasure.a.thatb.onec.itd.what提示:用one代替可数名词“a moment”,“i will always treasure”作定语修饰one，引导词that省去。答案:b（3）(经典回放)the house rent is expensive,ive got about half the space i had at home and im paying _ here.a.as three times muchb.as much three timesc.much as three timesd.three times as much提示:修饰比较级的three times只能置于比较结构之前，不能置于其后或其中；本题中比较状语从句部分被省略。答案:d（4）（经典回放）what would have happened _ ,as far as the river bank?a.bob had walked fartherb.if bob should walk fartherc.had bob walked fartherd.if bob walked farther提示:“what would have happened”暗示后面使用虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反；当if省略时，可将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装；用if从句表达则是if bob had walked farther。题意：“如果鲍勃走得更远些，走到河岸边会发生什么事呢？”答案:c（5）is this the reason _at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?a.he explainedb.what he explainedc.how he explainedd.why he explained提示:explain作“解释”讲为及物动词，须接宾语；此处关系代词that或which被省略；why引导定语从句时，在句中作状语，相当于for which。答案：a（6）_be sent to work there?a.who do you suggestb.who do you suggest that shouldc.do you suggest who shouldd.do you suggest whom should提示:本题结构为“疑问句+插入语+陈述句”，do you suggest为插入语，suggest后宾语从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为“（should）+动词原形”，should可省略。答案:a（7）when_,the museum will be open to the public next year.a.completedb.completingc.being completedd.to be completed提示:时间状语从句和主句为同一主语，且从句谓语中含有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。museum和complete是被动关系。答案:a（8）-you should have thanked her before you left.-i meant _,but when i was leaving i couldnt find her anywhere.a.to dob.toc.doingd.doing it提示:mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”，而mean doing 表示“意味着”。由语境须用动词不定式作宾语，此处省略了不定式，只保留了动词的不定式符号to。答案:b3.定语从句与名词性从句中的省略（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略；在以the sameas和such as引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。the girl(who/whom/that)the teacher spoke to is li yan.老师与其说话的那个女孩是李燕。i dont like such books as this (is).我不喜欢这种书。（2）定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。the goods(which were) ordered last month havent arrived yet.上个月订购的货物还没到达。（3）在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中，应用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。it is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.有人建议我们去看电影。4.动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见的动词如like,love,hope,wish,expect,refuse,mean,try,agree等。you can do it if you mean to.如果你愿意可以这么做。5.介词的省略（1）一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见句型有：have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth.be busy (in) doing sth.stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.the heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使得他没能准时到达那里。（2）表示时间的介词at,on和in 用在next,last,this,t