译林版高中英语选修8学案：生词巧解 Unit3　.doc

庖丁巧解牛知识巧学生词巧解【词析】音析:第一个字母a读，第一个字母e读。形析:talent(n.才能;才干;天才)+-ed(adj.)义析:having talent; gifted【典句】wolfgang amadeus mozart was the talented composer and musician.沃尔夫冈阿马迪厄斯莫扎特是个天才的作曲家和音乐家。【拓展】近义词：gifted,其名词形式gift。【辨析】genius, talent和skill1）genius(only used of a rare ability or the person who has it)语意很重，只用于少见的有才华或有天才的人。如：einstein was a genius.爱因斯坦是个天才。2）talent(also means a special ability, though not the person who has it)也表示特殊才能（它不指人本身）。如：he has a talent for painting.他在绘画方面有天赋。3）skill (the ability to do sth. well, is something that can be learned),talent 和genius都用来说明某人天生的能力，而skill指一种可以学到的本领技能，指可能做好某事的能力。如：the senator answered his opponents questions with great skill.那参议员十分巧妙地回答了对手的问题。【词析】音析:字母组合ar读;ch读k;ture读。形析:architect(n.建筑师;设计师)+-ture(n.)义析:the art and science of building, including its planning and making 【典句】the architect is good at architecture.这位建筑师精于建筑。【拓展】builder n.建筑者building n.建筑;建筑术architectural adj.建筑上的;建筑学的【词析】音析:字母g发,字母i发。形析:根词geometry (n.几何学；几何图形)geometric(adj.)义析:of geometry; of or like the lines, shapes, etc. used in geometry, especially because of having regular shapes or lines【典句】do you know a geometric design?你知道几何设计吗？【拓展】geo-地球的geochemical地球化学的geoscience地球科学geography地理geology地质学geophysics地球物理学geopolitics地缘政治学【词析】音析:字母a发,字母组合er发，ie发。形析:master+piecemasterpiece(n.)合成构词法义析:a work of art such as a painting, film, book, ect.that is an excellent, or the best, example of the artists work【典句】the museum houses several of his cubist masterpieces.博物馆收藏了他的几件立体派杰作。his work is a masterpiece of simplicity.他的作品是朴实的典范。【拓展】同义词masterwork杰作【词析】音析:第一个a发，字母u发，第二个a发。形析:可据三个音节记忆词形义析:to use numbers to find out a total number, amount, distance, etc.【典句】we havent really calculated the cost of the vacation yet.我们还没有确切地计算出度假要花多少钱。use the formula to calculate the volume of the container.用公式计算容器的体积。【拓展】calculable adj.可计算的;可估计的calculated adj.精心策划的calculating adj.精明的；精于算计的；工于心计的calculation n.计算calculator n.计算器【词析】音析:字母a发，y发。形析:前缀astro-构成名词，形容词和副词;-nomy是表学科的名词词尾义析:the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, ect.【典句】do you like to study astronomy?你愿意研究天文学吗？【拓展】前缀astro-表示星（的）；天体（的）；外层空间（的）；宇宙空间（的）；如：astronaut 宇航员astrophysics 天体物理学astrology占星学；占星术astronomer n.天文学家astronomical adj.天文学的;天文的【词析】音析:字母a发。义析:to vary between two particular amounts, sizes, etc. including others between them【典句】she has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。【拓展】to rang in size/length/price from a to b型号/长度/价格在a到b之间变动rang from.to.从到range between.and.在和之间【词析】音析:字母组合oa 发。义析:to stay on or near the surface of a liquid and not sink; to make sth. move on or near the surface of a liquid【典句】can you float on your back?你能仰浮吗？they float the logs down the river to the towns.他们把圆木沿河漂流至城镇。【拓展】floating adj.不固定的；流动的;浮动的a floating population流动人口【词析】音析:字母o发。形析:单音节词可根据发音记忆词形义析:a small area of still water, especially one that is artificial【典句】he was sitting near the fish pond.他坐在鱼池边上。【拓展】across the pond 在大西洋彼岸【词析】音析:ea组合发; ful发fl。形析:peace (n.和平)+-ful(形容词后缀)义析: quiet and calm; not worried or disturbed in anyway;not involving a war, violence or argument;trying to create peace or to live in peace【典句】its so peaceful out here in the country.这里的郊外一切都那么宁静。they hope for a peaceful settlement of the dispute.他们希望和平解决争端。【拓展】peace 和平peaceable和平的;安宁的【辨析】peace和peacefulness1）peace 指和平，平静，安宁的状态或形势world peace世界和平i just need some peace and quiet.我需要的只是平静与安宁。2）peacefulness 不常用，指和平、平静、安宁的性质【词析】音析:ee字母组合发。义析:(formal or literary)to cry, usually because you are sad【典句】she started to weep uncontrollably.她不由自主地哭了起来。【拓展】she wept over her failure.她因失败而哭泣。he wept for joy.他高兴得流泪了。i wept to see him looking so sick.看到他病成那个样子我怆然泪下。轻轻告诉你practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。she wept bitter tears.她痛哭流涕。过去式（wept） 过去分词(wept)weepy adj.眼泪汪汪的;动不动就哭;爱哭的weeping adj.流泪的;哭泣的【辨析】weep哭泣，指小声或无声的哭泣，尤指痛哭流涕，多用于书面语。sob呜咽,指因极度悲伤，痛苦而呜咽，抽泣，尤指泣不成声。sniffle抽鼻子哭。cry大哭，喊叫,一般指因悲伤、痛苦、愤怒或恐惧而哭泣，通常指哭出声来。【词析】音析:th发， or发。形析:thunder(雷声、雷)+storm=thunderstorm(n.)合成构词法义析:a storm with thunder and lightening and usually very heavy rain【典句】the fisherman was caught in a thunderstorm.渔夫碰上了雷暴。【拓展】thundercloud雷雨云thunderous adj.雷鸣般的thunderous applause雷鸣般的掌声【辨析】stormn.暴风雨thunderstorm雷雨blizzard大暴风雪hurricane飓风whirlwind(tornado, cyclone)龙卷风typhoon台风【词析】音析:th发，u发。形析:根据两个音节的发音记词形义析:the loud noise that you hear after a flash of lightening during a storm【典句】thunder crashed in the sky.霹雳在空中炸响。【拓展】a long roll of thunder 隆隆的雷声a thunder of applause 雷鸣般的掌声thundering adj.打雷的;雷鸣似的【词析】音析:ai发, ow发。形析:rain(n.雨)+bow(n.弓)=rainbow(n.)联想彩虹的形状。义析:an arch of different colours that appears in the sky when the sun shines through rain【典句】there is a rainbow after the rain.雨后出现了一道彩虹。oil painting 油画【词析】a picture that has been painted 【典句】its a collection of oil paintings by american artists.这是一本美国艺术家油画作品集。【辨析】drawing 黑白色的钢笔或铅笔线条画;素描painting指绘画;油画;用颜料看色的画sketch速写;草图picture广义的图画;现常用来指相片illustration书籍中的插图mural壁画cartoon讽刺性的漫画【词析】音析:字母a发。形析:abs- 前缀表“远离”，抽象即“远离”具体实物之意。义析:based on general ideas and not on any particular real person existing in thought or as an idea but not thing or situation【典句】we may talk about beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract.我们尽可谈论美的事物，但美本身却是抽象的。【拓展】其反义词为concrete具体的；有形的【词析】音析:字母组合ar发。形析:合成词art+work=artwork(n.)义析:a work of art, especially are in a museum【典句】these artworks are very valuable.这些艺术作品非常有价值。【拓展】artwork作“艺术作品”讲时，是可数名词。【词析】音析:ar发。形析:star(n.星星)+-ry(后缀)=starry(adj.)义析:full of stars【典句】a beautiful starry night繁星满天的美丽夜晚【拓展】类似的构词法snow+-y=snowywind+-y=windyrain+-y=rainy【词析】音析:字母e发。形析:单音节词根据发音记忆词形义析:used to refer to a person【典句】john gave his whole self to the career.约翰把他奉献给了事业。 【拓展】selfish adj.自私的;利己的selfless/unselfish无私的【词析】音析:字母i分别发,u发。形析:dis-(前缀表“分散，分离”) +-tribute(贡物;礼物;颂词)义析:to spread sth. or different parts of sth. over an area【典句】make sure that your weight is evenly distributed.注意你的体重分布均匀。【拓展】distribute sth. among/to sb.把某物分发给某人distribution n.分发；分配；分布distributive adj.分发的；分配的；分布的distributor n.分发者；分配者；散布者【词析】音析:uyer发。形析:buy(v.买)+-er=buyer(n.)义析:a person who buys sth. especially sth. expensive【典句】have you found a buyer for your house?你的房子找到买主了吗？【拓展】a buyers market买方市场【词析】音析:o发;a发，重音在第二个音节。形析:nego（去）tiate“我们去协商”联想记忆法义析:to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion;to arrange or agree sth. by formal discussion【典句】the government will not negotiate with terrorists.政府不会和恐怖分子谈判。【拓展】to negotiate a deal/contract/settlement达成交易;确立合同;商定解决措施negotiate with sb.for/about sth.与某人协商某事negotiation n.谈判;协商【词析】音析:ore发。形析:根据发音记忆词形义析:to love sb. very much; to like sth. very much【典句】its obvious that she adores him.她显然深深地爱着他。i simply adore his music!我简直太喜爱他的音乐了！【拓展】adore doing sth.热爱做某事she adores working with children.她热爱为儿童工作。adoring adj.热爱的;爱慕的;敬慕的;崇拜的adoration n.热爱;爱慕【词析】音析:字母u发，j发。形析:subject(n.)+-ive=subjective(adj.)义析:based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair【典句】everyones opinion is bound to be subjective.每个人的意见都必定是主观的。【拓展】objective客观的subjectivism n.主观主义subjectivity n.主观;主观性【词析】音析:a发, i发。形析:appetizer(餐前的)开胃品;开胃饮料，联系记忆法义析:physical desire for food; a strong desire for sth.【典句】the public have an insatiable appetite for scandal.公众对丑事总是喜闻乐道。【拓展】appetitive adj.关于食欲的【词析】音析:字母组合ore发。形析:根据字母组合的发音规律记忆词形义析:to examine sth. carefully or completely in order to find out more about it【典句】these ideas will be explored in more detail.对这些想法将作更详细的探讨。as soon as we arrived on the island, we were eager to explore.我们一来到岛上，就急不可耐地考察起来。【拓展】explorer n.探险者;考察者exploration n.勘探;探索exploratory adj.探究的;探索的【词析】音析:ar发。形析:artist(n.)+ic=artistic(adj.)属派生词义析:connected with art or artists【典句】she comes from a very artistic family.她出身于艺术世家。【拓展】artistic works 艺术作品artistic director 艺术导演artist n.艺术家（尤指画家）artless adj.缺乏艺术性的；拙劣的；天真的artistic（无比较等级）【词析】音析:a发, i发。形析:assist(v.)+ance=assistance(n.)派生构词法义析:help or support【典句】he can walk only with the assistance of crutches.他只能靠一副拐杖走路。【拓展】technical/ecnomic/military assistance技术/经济/军事援助can i be of any assistance?我能帮上忙吗？despite his cries, no one came to his assistance.尽管他喊叫，却没人来帮助他。come to ones assistant 帮助某人be of some assistance有帮助的with the assistance of.靠的帮助【辨析】aid, help和assistanceassistance语意比help严肃，正式，主要指从旁协助；aid 比help正式。【词析】音析:字母a发。形析:frame+work=framework(合成词)义析:the parts of a building or an object that support its weight and give it shape【典句】we need to establish a legal framework for the protection of the environment.我们需要建立一个法律体制来保护环境。【拓展】build on a wooden/metal framework木/金属结构建造的(体系的)结构【词析】音析:两个a分别发和。形析:ab-前缀(表“脱离”)andon(丢弃)义析:to leave sb. especially sb. you are responsible for, with no intention of returning轻轻告诉你promise is debt.一诺千金。【典句】the baby had been abandoned by its mother.这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。【拓展】abandoned adj.被遗弃的；堕落的abandonmentn.离弃;抛弃【词析】音析:字母a发。形析:根据 -tch的发音规律记忆词形义析:to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth. sharp【典句】john scratched his head.约翰挠挠他的头。【拓展】 start from scratch从头开始；白手起家does the cat scratch?这只猫抓人吗？i learned german from scratch in six months.我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。they decided to dismantle the machine and start from scratch.他们决定拆掉机器从头再来。【词析】音析:a发。形析:uncle与ankle发音相近可用联想记忆法义析:the joint connecting the foot to the leg【典句】my ankles have swollen.我的两个脚腕子都肿了。【词析】音析:a发。形析:根据发音规律记忆词形义析:a large strong building with thick high walls and towers, built in the past by kings or queens, or other important people, to defend themselves against the enemies.【典句】get down to your work, dont build a castle in the air.开始工作吧，不要做白日梦了。【拓展】windsor castle 温莎城堡castles in the air空中楼阁;空想;幻想【词析】音析:字母e读，字母组合er读。形析:词根reserve-（去e）ation名词义析:an arrangement for a seat on a plane or train, a room in a hotel, ect.to be kept for you【典句】ill call the restaurant and make a reservation.我要给饭店打个电话预订座位。 【拓展】without reservation=completelythey support the measures without reservation.他们毫不保留地支持这些措施。make a reservation 预定;预约reserve v.预约;预定id like to reserve a table for three at eight oclock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。【词析】音析:or发。形析:可缩写为dorm,在美式英语中用hall of residence义析:a room for several people to sleep in, especially in the school or other institution【典句】they had a party in their dormitory.他们在宿舍办了个聚会。【拓展】 dormitories pl.dormitory town 郊外住宅区【词析】音析:a分别发和。形析:可根据两个音节记忆词形义析:a long straight passage dug in the ground and filled with water for boats and ships to travel along【典句】the panama canal is a famous construction in the world.巴拿马运河是举世闻名的工程。【辨析】channel 海峡english channel 英吉利海峡canal 沟渠运河【词析】音析:i发。形析:合成词high+way义析:a main road, usually connecting large towns【典句】highway patrol officers closed the road.公路巡警关闭了这条路。【辨析】road 大路high way(美)公路;大路way路线pass 山间隘路path小径street 街道【词析】音析:ea发。形析:east(n.)+-ern=eastern(adj.)义析:situated in east or facing east【典句】he lives on the eastern slopes of the mountain.他住在东山坡。【拓展】western西方的southern南方的northern北方的【词析】音析:ore发。形析:可根据字母组合的发音规律记忆词形义析:the land along the edge of the sea or ocean, a lake or another large area of water【典句】the ship was anchored off shore.船停泊在离岸不远的地方。【拓展】shoreline海滨线;海岸线【词析】音析:i发。形析:fisher+man合成词义析:a person who catches fish, either as a job or as a sport【典句】he is an experienced fisherman.他是一个经验丰富的渔夫。【拓展】pl. fishermen【辨析】fisherman 渔民;渔夫angle垂钓者;垂钓爱好者【词析】音析:ai发,or发。形析:sail(v.)+-or=sailor(n.)义析:a person who works on a ship as a member of the crew【典句】he is a good/bad sailor.他是一个很少（经常）晕船的人。【词析】音析:ee发。形析:根据发音规律记忆词形义析:an amount of money that you pay for professional advice or services【典句】does the bank charge a fee for setting up an account?在这家银行开立账户要收费吗？【拓展】entrance fee门票charge a fee收费membership fees 会费legal fees诉讼费【辨析】fare和feefare 车费;船费;交通票费fee 会费;学费;入场费;手续费等专业服务费或咨询费;酬金【词析】音析:ar发。形析:bar(柜台)+gain(获得)“在柜台讨价还价后买到”。义析:a thing bought for less than the usual price; to discuss prices, conditions, etc.with sb. in order to reach an agreement that is satisfactory【典句】the car was a bargain at that price.那辆车的价格真便宜。【拓展】bargain with sb. about/over/for sth.和某人就某事讨价还价in the market dealers were bargaining with growers over the price of coffee.在市场上商人正和种植者就咖啡的价格进行商谈。be admitted to.获准进入;被录取【词析】 义析:to allow sb. to enter a place or become a member of a club, a school or an organization【典句】the boy was admitted to beijing university.这个男孩被北京大学录取。【词析】音析:a发, tion发。形析:graduate+ion=graduation派生构词法义析:the act of successfully completing a university degree, or studies at a middle school【典句】he went to work in a big company after graduation.毕业后他在一家大公司工作。【拓展】after graduation 毕业后graduate vi.毕业graduate from.从毕业【词析】音析:u发, o发。形析:根据两个音节记忆词形义析:a room where radio or television programmes are recorded and broadcast from, or where music is recorded【典句】he works for a major hollywood studio.他为好莱坞一家大电影公司工作。【拓展】a television studio电视演播室a studio audience 观众;听众【词析】音析:o发，ar发。形析:scholar(n.)+ship=scholarship义析:an amount of money given to sb. by an organization to help pay for their education【典句】she won a scholarship to study at stanford.她获得了斯坦福大学的奖学金。【拓展】on a scholarship靠奖学金scholar 奖学金获得者【词析】音析:e分别发,。形析:-ment词尾也可常构成名词义析:to carry out a scientific experiment;a scientific test that is carried in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledge【典句】many people dont like the idea of experiments on animals.许多人不赞成在动物身上做实验。【拓展】do/perform/carry out/conduct an experiment做/进行实验proved/shown by experiment实验证明/表明experiment on sb. /sth.在身上做实验experimental adj.以实验为基础的；实验性的【词析】音析:th 发。形析:根据发音规律记忆词形义析:fabric made by weaving or knitting cotton, wool, silk, ect.;a piece of cloth, often used for a special purpose【典句】wollen/cotton cloth毛/布料a cloth bag布袋a floor cloth拖地布【拓展】cloths pl.【辨析】clothes, clothing 和dressclothes无单数形式，表示一件衣服用a piece/an item/an article of clothes。穿着衣服用clothes(复数)；泛指服装时特指某类衣服用clothing(不可数名词);dress范围较窄，作可数名词时指一件女服，或连衣裙，作不可数名词时，指某种特殊服装，尤指在社交场合穿的衣服。【词析】音析:eigh发。义析:the measurement of how tall a person or thing is a high place or position【典句】it is almost 2 metres in height.它差不多有2米高。【拓展】注意下列词的对应：highheightweightyweightwidewidthlonglength【词析】音析:a发。义析:a large hole in side of a hill or under the ground【典句】the area contains vast underground cave systems.这个地区拥有庞大的地下洞穴系统。be made out of由制成;用制成【典句】the dress was made out of some old curtains.这件衣服是由旧窗帘制成的。【辨析】be made of, be made from, be made out of, be made into, be made.和be made up of.be made of.由制成（可看出原材料）the table is made of wood.be made from.由制成（看不出原材料）nylon is made from air, coal and water.be made out of 由改制而成（后加原材料或另一物品名称）be made into.把做成某产品bamboo can be made into good fishing poles.竹子可以制成好鱼竿。be made in 某物生产于某地（后加生产地）the tv set is made in china.be made up of.由组成（加组成部分）the medical team is made up of ten doctors.【词析】音析:i发。形析:开音节发音规律记忆词形义析:a thin flat piece of food that has been out off a large piece【典句】could you give me a slice of bread?您能给我一片面包吗？【拓展】a slice of ham 一片火腿cut the meat into thin slices 把肉切成薄片【词析】音析:e发。形析:单音节词，可据ch发音帮助记忆词形义析:a professional cook, especially the most senior cook in a restaurant, hotel, ect.【典句】my uncle is a chef in blue sky hotel.我叔叔是蓝天宾馆的厨师。【辨析】chef指餐馆、饭店等的主厨、厨师长，专业厨师;cook指炊事员，做饭的人，厨师。【词析】音析:ee发。形析:根据发音规律记忆词形义析:a type of food made from milk that can be either soft or hard and is usually white or yellow in color【典句】give me a piece/slice of cheese, please.请给我一片奶酪。【拓展】cheese“茄子”,要求照相的人说的口形词。a big cheese大人物;要员chalk and cheese天壤之别;截然不同hard cheese!（常作反话）抱歉啦！【词析】音析:字母组合ing读。形析:单音节词运用发音规律帮助记忆词形义析:material made of several threads twisted together, used for tying things together【典句】he wrapped the package in brown paper and tied it with string.他用棕色包装纸把包裹包好，又用细绳捆上。【拓展】have another string/more strings to your bow还另有一手；有两手准备with no strings attached不带附加条件，无任何限制a piece/length of string一根/一段细绳【词析】音析:字母u读。形析:blue蓝色的，glue胶水发音类似，可对比记忆义析:a sticky substance that is used for joining things together【典句】he sticks to her like glue.他形影不离地跟着她。【拓展】a tube of glue 一管胶水【词析】音析:a发。义析:the regular way in which sth. happens or is done【典句】she bought a dress pattern and some material.她买了一幅衣服纸样和一些衣料。【拓展】changing patterns of behaviour/work/weather行为/工作/天气的变化模式the murders all seem to follow