衡水名师原创英语专题卷：专题二《阅读理解说明类专练》.doc

绝密启用前2018衡水名师原创英语专题卷专题二：阅读理解说明类专练（90分钟，90分）考点01：01 冠词 3颗星考点02：代词 3颗星考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星考点04: 名词 3颗星 考点05：主谓一致 5颗星考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星考点10：定语从句 3颗星考点13：状语从句 3颗星考点14：特殊句式 2颗星考点17：阅读理解说明文 5颗星第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共30分）一阅读理解A【来源】来源2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）考点17较易Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan. “What Im hoping to accomplish is that mu generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. Its actually color, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, its the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “So I want to continue those dialogue. Those are the things I want to foster.”1Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day? 考点17 易ATo remember the birth of jazz.BTo protect cultural diversity.CTo encourage people to study music.DTo recognize the value of jazz.2What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? 考点17 易AJazz becoming more accessible.BThe production of jazz growing faster.CJazz being less popular with the young.DThe jazz audience becoming larger. 3What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz? 考点17 中难AIt will disappear gradually.BIt remains black and white.CIt should keep up with the times.DIt changes every 50 years.4Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 考点17中难AExploring the Future of jazz.BThe Rise and Fall of jazz.CThe Story of a jazz Musician.DCelebrating the Jazz Day.B【来源】2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）考点17中难A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 5What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? 考点17 易A Its delicate. B Its expensive.C. Its complex. D. Its portable6.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? 考点17 易A. The tube B. The stillC. The hole D. The cup7.Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still? 考点17 中难A .Dig a hole of a certain size B .Put the cup in placeC. Weight the sheets center down D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet8.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form 考点17.易A. the plastic tube B. outside the holeC .the open air D beneath the sheetC【来源】2017年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试（北京卷）考点17中难Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who KS5U cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.9The first two paragraphs suggest that _.考点17 易Aa small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendBthe outbreak of measles attracts the public attention Canti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsDinformation about measles spreads quickly10Herd immunity works well when _.考点17 易Aexemptions are allowedBseveral vaccines are used togetherCthe whole neighborhood is involved in Dnew regulations are added to the state laws11What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? 考点17中难AThe overuse of vaccine.BThe lack of medical care.CThe features of measles itself.DThe vaccine opt-outs of some people.12What is the purpose of the passage? 考点17 中难ATo introduce the idea of exemption.BTo discuss methods to cure measles.CTo stress the importance of vaccination.DTo appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.D【来源】辽宁省实验中学2017届高三第四次模拟考试考点17易Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life. In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for allwhether rich or poor, clever or stupidone can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees refuse to do what they think to be low work, and, in fact, working with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns. In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and, secondly, we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that is very bad to be ashamed of ones work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.13. According to the passage, the purpose of education is _.考点17 易 A. to build a perfect world B. to choose a system of education C. to let everyone receive education fit for him D. to prepare children mainly for their future work14. Which of the following is true according to the passage? 考点17易 A. Its hard for university graduates to find jobs.B. No one would like to do work with hands. C. Education is not enough to build a perfect nation.D. University graduates are ashamed of their work.15. In the writers opinion, _.考点17易A. all the social problems cant be solved by educationB. free education for all probably leads to a perfect worldC. free education wont help to solve social problems D. education can settle all of the worlds problems 第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（1）【来源】2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）难度适中There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 考点03 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 考点04 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 考点08 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 考点09 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 考点01 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 考点06 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 考点05 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 考点08 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 考点06 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 考点10 is not good for the health.（2）【来源】2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷II 易 In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_考点04 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_考点03 word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_考点08(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_64_考点01 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _65_考点09 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_考点06 (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_考点02 every day.Later, engineers _68_考点09 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_考点04 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _70_考点06 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. （3）【来源】2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷 易Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 考点04 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 考点06 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 58 考点14 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. She thought I had hurt 59 考点02 (I),says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 60 考点06 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 考点08 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and sixhad picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband 62 考点09 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. I gave up hope of finding my ring again, she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 考点08 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 考点10 it remained until the