外研版高中英语必修五课文预读学案：Module 1 Period One.doc

there are many differences between british english and american english.i used to teach a course about the differences between the two.we speak english on both sides of the atlantic ocean but we have many differences in our common language.we have examples of the same words having very different meanings，differing spellings of the same words as well as completely different words for the same things.here are some examples.a cookie in the us is called a biscuit in the uk.a biscuit in the us is a small cake in the uk.in the uk，a pie can be made from either meat or fruit；while in the us，pies are normally made from fruit，pot pies are made from meat.most things are measured in grams and kilograms in the us，not ounces and pounds.one very obvious difference is the side of the road we each choose to drive on.petrol in the uk is gas in the us.the place where we fill up our cars，in the uk，is a garage；while in the us，its a gas station.the term garage is also used as a place to store your car next to or close by your house.in the uk we call a lorry what is known as a truck in the us.an elevator in the us is called a lift here，and the first floor in the us，is called the ground floor here，so many visitors get off on the wrong floor in british hotels.there are countless examples of differences within our one shared language.with so many differences，no wonder its hard to understand each other well.根据短文判断正(t)误(f)1.the passage is mainly about the differences between british english and american english in grammar.(f)2.its implied in the passage that the author may be a teacher from the uk.(t)period oneintroduction & reading and speaking.重点单词1.obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的obviously adv.显然地2.confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的confused adj.困惑的confuse vt.使困惑3.compare vt.比较4.differ vi.不同，有区别difference n.不同之处，区别different adj.不同的，有区别的5.settler n.移民；定居者settle v.定居；解决6.remark n.评论；讲话7.variation n.变化vary vi.变化various adj.各种各样的8.steadily adv.不断地；持续地steady adj.稳定的9.switch n.开关10.structure n.结构；体系.重点短语1.have.in common有相同的特点2.make a difference有影响，使不相同3.get around四处走动(旅行)4.be similar to与相似5.have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难6.lead to引起；导致.重点句式1.while用作并列连词americans use a flashlight，while for the british，its a torch.美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人则叫它torch。2.it作形式主语since the 1980s，with satellite tv and the internet，it has been possible to listen to british and american english at the flick of a switch.自从20世纪80年代以来，通过卫星电视和互联网，只需按一下开关就可能听到英式和美式英语。3.makeitadj./n.不定式/that从句this non-stop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for british people and americans to understand each other.专家们认为，这样不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。.根据课文，完成下列习题1.which paragraphs tell the ways british and american english are different?paragraphs 1,2,3 and 4.2.which paragraphs predict the future of british and american english?paragraphs 5,6 and 7.课文阅读理解1.what are the four ways in which british and american english are different?a.vocabulary，accent，grammar and spelling.b.vocabulary，grammar，spelling and pronunciation.c.vocabulary，speaking，spelling and grammar.d.vocabulary，writing，grammar and pronunciation.答案b2.whats the main idea of the first paragraph?a.differences in words that are not well known.b.differences in grammar.c.differences in words that are well known.d.differences in british english and american english.答案c3. have/has made it easier for the british and americans to understand each other.a.television b.radioc.the internet d.both a and c答案d4.how many languages can monita rajpal speak?a.two. b.three. c.four. d.five.答案b5.in the future，users of english will all be able to understand each other .a.only in the same country b.in americac.in different countries d.in england答案c.课文难句分析1.the only problem was i didnt realize the local accent would be so different，but i guess ill learn with practice.句式分析but为并列连词，连接两个并列分句。在第一个分句中the only problem为句子主语，was后为省略that的表语从句。自主翻译唯一的问题是我没有想到当地口音与我们的有如此大的区别，但是我想，通过练习我会学会的。2.when the irish writer george bernard shaw made the famous remark that the british and the americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was obviously thinking about the differences.句式分析he was obviously thinking about the differences为主句，when引导时间状语从句，在此从句中又有一个that引导的同位语从句，divided by a common language为过去分词短语作定语，修饰two nations.自主翻译当爱尔兰作家乔治萧伯纳讲“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家”那句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。3.however，if you turn on cnn，the american tv network，you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accentsamerican，british，australian，and even spanish.句式分析该句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句；the american tv network是同位语，补充说明cnn；主句中含有“find宾语宾补”结构，其中现在分词短语作宾补。自主翻译然而，如果你打开美国有线电视新闻网cnn，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员都操着不同的口音美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。重点词汇1.we have really everything in common with america nowadays，except of course，language.当然，除了语言外，如今我们确实在所有方面都和美国一样。(1)have.in common with与有相同之处have much/a lot/a great deal in common with 与有很多共同之处have not much/little/nothing in common with 与没多少/没有共同之处in common with 和一样(2)common adj.共同的；平常的，普通的；常见的；n.共同之处common sense常识(1)the girl has much in common with her twin sister.这个女孩和她的双胞胎姐姐有很多共同之处。(2)they had nothing in common with me.他们和我毫无共同之处。(2017全国)(3)in common with most american people，he enjoys american football.与大多数美国人一样，他喜欢橄榄球运动。(4)heart disease is one of the commonest(common) causes of death.心脏病是最常见的死因之一。易混辨析common，ordinary，usual，regularcommon普通的；常见的；共同的。ordinary平凡的；普通的；指事或物，天天发生；指人，平常，一般。usual一贯的，习惯的，强调惯常性。regular有规律的；正规的；频繁的；定期的。选词填空common，ordinary，usual，regular(5)snowstorms are common during winter here.(6)although she was rich，she was always in ordinary dress.(7)the boy went to school as usual the next day after the accident.(8)its known that a regular medical examination will do good to us.2.it doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks british or american english.老师说英式英语还是美式英语并无太大的影响。make a difference有影响，使不相同make some/much/no difference to对有些/很大/没有影响tell the difference between区别(1)job opportunities are on the increase in our city，making(make) much difference to peoples life.在我们的城市工作机会正在增加，对人们的生活产生很大影响。(2)whether it rains or not makes no difference to me.i will go to school as usual.下不下雨对我来说都一样。我要像往常一样去上学。(3)the twins are so alike that it is hard to tell the difference.双胞胎长得太像了，很难分出谁是谁。3.the first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.首先而且最明显的区别是在词汇方面。(1)obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的its obvious that.很明显(2)obviously adv.显而易见地，明显地，显然(1)he tried to hide his obvious pleasure from the music teacher.他不想让音乐老师看到自己很明显的喜悦之情。(2017江苏)(2)it is obvious that mobile phones are quite popular nowadays.手机现在很流行，这是显而易见的。(3)obviously(obvious)，she didnt realize her own mistakes.显然，她没有意识到自己的错误。4.or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (british) or cab (american).或者你更愿意乘坐出租车taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。get around四处走动；(消息或谣言等)传开；传播get across使了解；把讲清楚get along进展；相处get down to开始，着手get through到达；办完；(使)通过；(打电话时)打通get over克服；恢复(1)soon the bad news got around.很快，这个坏消息就传开了。(2)how can i get it across to you people how important this is?我怎么才能让你们这些人理解这件事的重要性？(3)i tried calling you several times，but i couldnt get through.我试着给你打了好几次电话，但是没有打通。(4)if you can get over your present difficulties，then everything should be all right.如果你克服了现在的困难，那么一切都会好的。5.sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.有时，同一个单词在意义上有细微的差别，这可能令人困惑。(1)confusing adj.使人困惑的，令人费解的；难懂的(2)confuse vt.使混乱，使迷惑；弄混，把弄糊涂confuse.with/and.把与混淆(3)confused adj.困惑的；不清楚的，难懂的be confused about.对迷惑不解(4)confusion n.困惑；混淆；混乱in confusion困惑地(1)if you dont explain clearly，you will just confuse the readers.如果你不解释清楚，你会使读者困惑的。(2)im confusedthe instructions on the box are really confusing.(confuse)我被搞糊涂了盒子上的用法说明实在让人费解。(3)he looked at me in confusion(confuse) and did not answer the question.他困惑地看着我，没有回答那个问题。易混辨析confusing，confusedconfusing现在分词作形容词，多用来说明中心词或主语本身的特征。confused过去分词作形容词，多用来描述中心词或主语的感受。单句改错(4)the expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the pare on the team，on the weekend (american)with in the team，at the weekend (british).比较一下on the team，on the weekend(美式)和in the team，at the weekend(英式)。compare vt.比较，对比；与类似compare.with.把和比较compare.to.把比作compared to/with与相比(在句中作状语)(1)i compared my answers with the teachers and found i had made a mistake.我把自己的答案与老师的进行对比，发现我犯了一个错误。(2)he compared the girl to the moon in the poem.他在诗中把这个姑娘比作月亮。(3)compared(compare) with a five-star hotel，this one is small and dirty.和五星级宾馆相比，这家旅馆又小又脏。单句改错(4)when different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences.7.the other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.另外两个有区别的方面是拼写和发音。(1)variety n.种类，品种；变化，多样化a variety of多种多样的(2)various adj.各种各样的(3)vary v.(使)变化；不同vary from.to.由到不等(1)make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers.确保当你从一个采访到另一个采访时，你能得到多种多样的回答。(2017浙江)(2)everyone arrived late at the party for various(vary) reasons.由于种种原因，每个人到达聚会都很晚。(3)as we all know，the customs vary from place to place.我们都知道，风俗习惯因地而异。(1)differ vi.不同，有区别differ from与不同differ in sth. 在某方面不同(2)different adj.不同的，有区别的be different from.in.在某方面和不同(3)difference n.不同之处，区别(4)humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak.人与其它动物的不同之处在于人能说话。(5)this time，however，the cleanup was a little different(differ).然而，这次打扫有点不同。(2017全国)(6)whats the difference(differ) between a sheep and a goat？绵羊和山羊有什么不同？句型转换(7)british english and american english differ in many ways.british english differs from american english in many ways.(differ vi.)british english is different from american english in many ways.(different adj.)there are differences between british english and american english in many ways.(difference n.)8.when the irish writer george bernard shaw made the famous remark that the british and the americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was.当爱尔兰作家乔治萧伯纳讲“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家”那句名言的时候，他(1)remark n.评论；讲话；v.评论；谈论remark on/upon.谈论/议论/评论make a remark/remarks on.就发表评论(2)remarkable adj.显著的，引人注目的；卓越的(1)the editor remarked that the article was well written.编辑评论说那篇文章写得很好。(2)the teacher made a remark on the teaching plan.这位老师就教学计划发表了看法。(3)in the 17th century there was remarkable(remark) progress in the development of mathematics.在数学发展过程中，十七世纪取得的进步极为显著。一句多译(4)不要评论别人的私事。dont remark on/upon others private affairs.(remark v.)dont make a remark/remarks on/upon others private affairs.(remark n.)9.a londoner has more difficulty understanding a scotsman from glasgow than understanding a new yorker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人讲话比听懂纽约人讲话更难。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难have difficulty with sth. 在方面有困难 做某事有困难(1)we should try our best to help those who have difficulty with study.我们应尽力帮助那些学习有困难的同学。(2)we had no trouble in persuading(persuade) her to change her mind.我们毫不费劲就说服她改变了主意。单句改错(3)you can never imagine what great difficulty i have your house.10.but it has also led to lots of american words and structures passing into british english.但是这也导致大量美式单词和结构传入英式英语lead to引起；导致；通往lead.to.引导到lead sb. to do sth. 促使某人做某事(1)all roads lead to rome.(谚)条条大路通罗马。(2)he led us to a museum.他把我们带到了一个博物馆。(3)what was it that led you to think(think) so?到底是什么使得你这样认为？单句改错(4)the new evidence led to the thief caught in the end.经典句式1.since the 1980s，with satellite tv and the internet，it has been possible to listen to british and american english at the flick of a switch.自从20世纪80年代以来，通过卫星电视和因特网，只需按一下开关就可能听到英式英语和美式英语。(1)在此句式中it为形式主语，to listen to.不定式短语为真正的主语。(2)it作形式主语笼统地讲分为三种：it谓语形容词/名词/分词(1)however，it is not so easy for people to realize their dreams every time.然而，对人们来说，每次都能实现梦想并不是件容易的事。(2)it is no use arguing(argue) with hershe wont listen.跟她争论没有用她是不会听的。(3)it is well known that china is a peace-loving country.众所周知，中国是个热爱和平的国家。单句改错(4)it is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2.this non-stop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for british people and americans to understand each other.专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。句中画线部分是“make宾语宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的不定式短语。当宾语较长，且宾语后有补语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到补语后面。(1)当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型主要有：makeitadj./n.(for sb. ) to do sth. makeitadj./n.that从句(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。(1)the rain made it more difficult for us to finish the work on time.大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。(2)we must make it a duty to protect(protect) our common global environment.我们必须让保护我们共有的地球环境成为一种责任。(3)we thought it wrong that the child was left alone in the house.我们认为把孩子独自留在家里是不对的。单句改错(4)the fact that she was foreign made difficult for her to get a job in that country.单句语法填空1.to avoid confusion(confuse)，the teams wore different colours.2.compared to/with that one，this one is better in quality.3.it is obvious that china can make a difference in the world today and tomorrow.4.a variety(vary) of goods for daily use are available in the shopping mall.5.generally speaking，friends have much in common with each other.6.you cant imagine the difficulty he had climbing(climb) onto the cliff to save the boy in trouble.7.it has got around that the famous star will get married for the third time.8.he didnt work hard all the term.obviously(obvious)，he cant pass the exam.9.we struggle to make a difference，to change the world，to dream of hope.10.china today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people want to learn about china.完成句子11.他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。he likes playing basketball，while i like listening to music.12.无论他到哪里旅行，他都很想念他的祖国。no matter where/wherever he travels，he misses his homeland.13.他这次有可能通过考试。it is possible for him to pass the exam this time.14.大雾使他很难看清道路。the heavy fog made it difficult for him to see the road clearly.15.我会把所有事实都告诉你，以便你能自己做出判断。ill give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself.课文语法填空british and american english differ in many ways.the difference in vocabulary is most obvious.sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be 16.confusing(confuse).there are a few differences in grammar，too.the british use prepositions where americans sometimes omit them.the other two areas in 17.which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.american spelling seems simpler，and many factors 18.have influenced(influence) american pronunciation since the first settlers arrived there. 19.though/although there are so many differences，some experts believe that the two varieties are moving together.communications across the atlantic have developed 20.steadily (steady) for over a century.the experts think this non-stop communication has made 21.it easier for british people and americans 22.to understand(understand) each other.but it has also led to lots of american words and structures 23.passing(pass) into british english，so that some people now believe that british english will disappear.there are going to be many “englishes” with the international dimension. but the 24.most important (important) thing is that users of english will all be able to understand each other25.wherever they are.阅读理解athe world is changing so fast that english, perhaps the most worldly of languages, is struggling to keep up.learners in the future are likely to be much younger.young children are often said to be better at language learning than older learners but they also have special challenges.young children dont usually have the kind of instrumental motivation and determination for learning english that older learners often have.english lessons must therefore be fun and rewarding.the reasons why people learn english are also changing.globalization is bringing together more people than ever who speak different languages and who are turning to english as the means of communication.the english learners of the future may be less worried about sounding exactly like a native speaker and more concerned about how to use english effectively in cross-cultural communication.we may be hearing more nonnative speakers in dialogues and a wider range of the “new englishes” now used around the world.technology will allow english to come to you, rather than you having to go to a special place to learn english.learning english has always involved both pain and pleasure，private effort and social activity.traditional learning provided take-it or leave-it mixes of these as well as of content but in future learners will be able to choose a plan which suits their cultural and psychological dispositions(性情) or their particular needs at that moment.they, rather than their teachers, will decide how, what and when they will learn. above all, learning english is about communication and an important benefit of learning english is being able to exchange views and make friends with people all over the world.despite the growing independence of learners, trusted institutions and brand names will remain important.1.compared to older learners, young english learners .a.are more active in learningb.are more hardworking in learningc.have more difficulties in learningd.have less lasting determination in learning答案d解析细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句可知，年轻人在英语学习方面的动力和决心不如年龄大的英语学习者强，故d项正确。2.what can we learn from the passage?a.future english lessons will be more interesting.b.old people wont have to learn english in the future.c.people will pay more attention to englis