高考英语译林版必修4探究学案：Unit 1 Period Six Word版含答案.doc

键入文字生词讲解（unit 1, book4）1. persuade: (v.)（成功地）说服 【比较】advise (v.) 劝说 1) i tried to persuade my dad to quit smoking but failed.我曾劝我爸戒烟，但却失败了。 2) police are advising people to stay at home. 警方告诫民众要呆在家里。 persuasive (adj.) 有说服力的：persuasive words/arguments有说服力的话（论点）2. be mean to/for 旨在 1) what he said was meant to persuade the public to support him. 2) hes never meant for the army. 他根本就不是当兵的料。3) this movie is not meant for people under the age of 18. 4) although this plan is meant to benefit students, it is not practical. 虽然这计划旨在使学生都受益，可不现实。 5) this software is meant to protect computers from being attacked by viruses. 这软件旨在保护电脑防御病毒攻击。 6) this software meant to protect computer from being attacked by viruses sells well. 这种旨在保护电脑不受病毒的攻击的软件卖得很好。 7) im sorry i hurt you. i didnt mean to. 对不起，弄疼你了。我不是故意的。 8) really sorry for the trouble i didnt mean to bother you. 非常抱歉，给你添了麻烦。我本不想打扰您的。 9) why didnt you help your mom wash the dishes? 你为什么不帮你妈妈洗盘子？ - i meant to. but she refused and asked me to study. 我本打算去（洗的），可她拒绝了，要我去学习。3. breath (n.) 呼吸；气息 breathe (v.) 呼吸，吸气 1) how long can you hold your breath? 你能屏住呼吸多久？2) we were out of breath after only 5 minutes. 五分钟后，我们就气喘吁吁了。3) i took a lot of breath persuading him to take my advice. 我费了很多口舌才说服他听从我的建议。4) his brilliant voice took my breath away. 他那明亮的嗓子让我惊叹不已。5) most people dont realize that they are breathing polluted air. 大部分人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染的空气。4. fool: 1) (n.) 傻瓜，笨蛋； 2) (v.) 愚弄，骗弄 foolish (adj.) 愚蠢的 1) im no fool. dont try to fool me. 我根本就不是傻瓜，你休想糊弄我。 2) hes fooled many people into believing that hes a rich man. 他已经骗了很多人相信他是个富人。(fool sb. into doing.) 3) i dont want to make a fool of myself in front of the audience. 我可不想在观众面前出丑。(make a fool of oneself) 4) he never does anything meaningful; he just fools around/about all day. 他向来不做任何有意义的事，总是整天瞎混。5. cure: 1) (v.) 治愈；治疗好 2) (n.) 疗法；对策 1) she went all out to earn money to cure her father.她卯足劲地挣钱，为了把父亲治好。 2) will you be able to cure him, doctor? 大夫，你能把他治好吗？ 3) tb is a serious illness, but it can be cured. 肺病是一种严重的疾病，但却能治好。 4) he thinks its the only possible cure for our mistakes. 他认为这可能是唯一的纠正我们错误的方法。 5) the best cure for sadness is a hearty laugh. 治疗忧伤的良方就是开怀大笑。6. pleased: 高兴的；满意的 pleasant: 令人愉快的；神清气爽的，宜人的 please (v.) 取悦，使愉快 1) i was pleased to hear youve been promoted. 听说你高升了，我很高兴。(be pleased to do/be) 2) im very pleased that youre getting along well with your studies. 我很高兴你的学习进展得不错。(be pleased that) 3) mr. pan is very pleased with our test result. 潘老师对我们的考试成绩很满意。(be pleased with 对满意) =mr. pan is very satisfied/happy with our test result. 4) pleasant smell好闻的气味；pleasant climate宜人的气候；what a pleasant surprise! 这真是一件令人又惊又喜的事儿。 5) shes a difficult woman to please. 她是个难以取悦的女人。=its difficult to please her. 取悦她很难。 6) would you like some coffee? 你想喝点咖啡吗？ - oh yes, please! 哦，是的。太谢谢你啦。 7) dont compare me with her. please! 别拿我跟她比。求你了！7. comment 1. (n.) 评论，评价；2. 评述，表达意见 1) -have you any comment to make about the trial? 对这次的审判你有何评论吗？ - no comment. 无可奉告！ 2) experts will make comment on each players performance afterwards. 专家们事后将对每一位运动员的表现作出评议。3) you didnt comment on my new dress. 你怎么没对我的新裙子说点啥呀？8. fall for: 爱上；信以为真，受骗 be taken in 被蒙骗 1) they fell for each other instantly. 他俩一见钟情。(instantly: 立刻)2) im surprised that you fell for that trick. 我感到惊讶，你竟然中了那个诡计。3) he said he owned a big company in spain, and i fell for it. 他说他在西班牙拥有一家大公司，我信以为真。【比较】dont be taken in by his charm. 不要被他迷人的外表给蒙蔽。9. aim: 1. (n.) 目标，目的；2. 以为目标；瞄准 1) our main aim is to increase sales in europe. 我们的主要目标是增加在欧洲的销售量。 2) they are aiming to reduce unemployment by 50%. (aim to do sth.)3) the government is aiming at 50% reduction in unemployment. 政府正力争减少50%的失业人数。(aim at sth.)4) these measures are aimed at preventing violent crime. 这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。(be aim at doing sth.)5) my comment wasnt aimed at you. 我的评论不是针对你。6) this book is aimed at very young children. 这本书的对象是幼儿。(be aimed at sb.)【比较】this book aimed at young children is very popular among young parents.这种对象为幼儿的书在年轻家长当中很受欢迎。7) i aimed at the tree but hit the car by mistake. 我瞄准树射击，不料误中了汽车。 8) zoe studies very hard, aiming at entering peking university. zoe学习很努力，旨在（为了）考入北大。10. benefit: 1. (v.) 使获得好处，收益 2. (n.) 好处，益处 1) this will benefit everyone. 这将使得每一个人都获益。 2) ive benefited a lot from mr. pan since i came to this class. 自从我来到这个班级，我从潘老师那里获益匪浅。3) one of the benefits of travelling abroad is learning how to deal with the unexpected. (benefit: 益处，好处)出国旅游的益处之一就是学会如何处理出乎意料的事情。4) more and more people are living a happy life, benefiting from the new policy. 因获益于新政策，越来越多的人正过着。11. promote: 促进，推动，加强；提拔；促销 - promotion (n.)：promotion price促销价 1) policies to promote economic growth促进经济增长的政策；promote sales促销；promote friendship 促进（增进）友谊2) a campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues 提高环保意识的运动3) the band has gone on tour to promote their new album. 这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。4) she worked hard and was soon promoted. 她工作勤奋，不久就得到了提升。12. figure out: 弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白 1) we couldnt figure her out. 我们摸不透她。2) i cant figure out how to do this. 我弄不懂怎么做这件事。 3) have you figured out how much the trip will cost. 旅行要花多少费用你算出来了没有？ 4) it took them a long time to figure out how to start the equipment. 他们花了好长时间才弄明白怎么启动这设备。13. determine (v.) 决心（定）：be determined to do sth. 决心做（某事） determination (n.) 决心 1) im determined to succeed. 我决心要获得成功。2) i amdeterminedtosay lovetoher！我决心向她示爱！3) determined to succeed, she put every effort into her work. 决心要成功，她把所有的努力都投入了她的工作。 =as she was determined to succeed, she put every effort into her work.4) you should determine your own future. you should not be easily influenced by what other people say. (p. 91)自己的前途你应该自己决定。你不应该被他人的话所影响。 5) everybody was moved by her determination. 大家都被她的决心所感动。14. appeal: appeal to sb. 对有吸引力；打动（某人），使（某人）感兴趣；向发出呼吁 1) the program appeals especially to young children. 这个节目对小朋友尤其有吸引力。 2) your argument appeals to us. 你的论点使我们很感兴趣。 3) to be honest with you, math doesnt really appeal to me. 跟你说实话吧，其实我对数学真的不感兴趣。 4) the police appealed to the audience not to panic. 警察呼吁观众不要惊慌。(appeal to sb. not to do sth=呼吁某人不要)15. get sth. across: 把表达清楚 1) a good teacher should have an easy way to get his/her meaning across. 一个好老师应该有很容易的方法把意思表达清楚。 2) john has a way to get his opinion across while using as few words as possible.约翰能用最简短的语言将自己的观点表达清楚。 3) your meaning didnt really get across. 你的意思并未真正被人理解。重难点解析（unit 1, book 4）1. we are so used to them that we often do not even realize how many we see and hear in a day. (p.2) 我们已经对广告习以为常，甚至常常都意识不到在一天中看见或听见多少广告。 be used to: 1) 习惯于；2) 被用来【比较】get used to（变得）习惯于 1) having been living in the city for many years, miss white is quite used to city life. 2) it takes time for people to get used to the new environment when they move to live in another place. 3) ive got used to getting up early. 我已经习惯于早起了。（说明：这里的to为“介词”） 3) oxygen can be used to promote burning. 氧气可以被用来助燃。2. nowadays, we can find advertisement almost wherever we go. 如今，无论我们走到哪里，几乎到处都能发现广告。(p.2) =nowadays, we can find advertisement, no matter where we go. 三谈whatever，whoever以及however，whenever，wherever的用法： 上面的词在句子中如果引导“让步状语从句”，可以用no matter替换。如： 1) whatever you do, you must do it well.无论你做什么，你都必须把它做好。= no matter what you do, you must do it well. (做“让步状语从句”时，可以用no matter替换)2) whoever you are, you must obey(服从) the rules(规章制度) here. = no matter who you are, you must obey the rules here. 3) wherever you go, you must remember youre chinese.=no matter where you go, you must remember youre chinese. 然而，whatever, whoever, wherever等词引导从句作“主语”、“宾语”、“定语”以及“地点状语”时，不可以用no matter替换。如：1) whatever we eat must be good for our health.无论我们吃什么都必须对身体有好处。（做“主语”时，不可以用no matter替换） 2) the child eats whatever we eat. 我们吃什么这孩子就吃什么。（做“宾语”时，这里不可以用no matter替换） 3) you can put the book wherever you like. 这本书你想放到哪儿都行。（做“地点状语”时，这里不可以用no matter替换）3. an advertisement uses words and pictures to persuade people to buy a product or service, or to believe in an idea. (p.2) 广告使用文字、图片来说服人们购买一种产品或服务，或者接受某种观念。 persuade:（成功地）说服 【比较】advise: 劝说（说明：未必成功） 1) his friends failed to persuade him to go on the outdoor camping trip. 他朋友没能说服他去户外露营。 2) if he doesnt want to do it, no one can persuade him to do it. 如果他不想做，没人能说服他。 3) we tried to persuade mr. pan to give up smoking but failed. 我们曾劝潘老师戒烟，可是没成功。(persuade sb. to do sth.) 4) police are advising people to stay at home. 警察劝民众留在家里。(advise sb. to do sth.) 5) michelle advised me not to believe every advertisement i read. 米歇尔劝我不要相信所读的每一条广告。 believe sb. 【比较】 believe in sb./sth. 1) dont believe him. 别信他的话。(believe sb. = 相信的话) = dont believe what he (has) said. 2) you can believe in him. 你可以信赖他。(believe in sb.=信赖) 3) do you believe in god? 你相信上帝的存在吗？(believe in sb./sth. = 相信的存在) 4) do you believe in ufo? 你相信不明飞行物的存在吗？4. we still must be aware of the skilful methods used in ads to try and sell us things. (p.2)我们仍必须意识到在广告中所使用的那些巧妙的、企图想把东西卖给我们的各种方法。类似的句子：we must be aware of the tricks used in ads to persuade us to buys what we dont really need. 我们必须认（意）识到在广告中运用的那些诡计多端的手段来说服我们去买我们并不真的需要的东西。（说明：第一条虚线中的“过去分词”和第二条实线中的“不定式短语”同时作“定语”，共同修饰前面的“名词”）(be) aware of的用法：1) it is important to make people aware of the danger of smoking. 使人们意识到抽烟的危险性很重要。(make sb. aware of)2) he doesnt seem to be aware of their negative attitude towards his proposal. 他似乎没有意识到他们对他提案的消极态度。5. even if an ad does not lie, it does not mean it is altogether innocent. (p.2)即使（即便）一则广告没有撒谎，也并不意味着他就是完全“清白”的。 1) even if it rains, we shall leave. 即使（即便）天下雨，我们也要离开。 2) even if you take a taxi right now, youll miss the flight. 即使（即便）你现在打的去，你还是赶不上班机。 3) even if it was an innocent comment, what you said has hurt his feelings. 即便（使）这是无恶意的评论，可是你所说的话已经伤害了他。6. when it comes to advertisements, we must all use our intelligence and not be a slave to them. (p.3) 谈及广告，我们都必须运用自己的智慧，而不要做广告的奴隶。 （说明：come to中的to为“介词”） 1) whenever it comes to football, he gets excited and active. 每当谈及到足球，他就变得激动而活跃。 2) whenever it comes to money, he will remind me to be a master of money not a slave to it. 每当说到钱的时候，他都会提醒我“做金钱的主人，不要做金钱的奴隶”。 3) whenever it comes to money, he acts like a business. 每当涉及到钱时，他的行为就像商人。 4) when it came to hobbies, all the students became active and willing to share theirs with others.当涉及到爱好时，所有的学生都变得活跃起来，个个都乐意跟他人分享。7. if we can convince young people not to start, they might then urge their parents and other people to give up smoking, too. 如果我们能劝年轻人不要染上吸烟，他们就可能也会敦促父母和他人戒烟。 1) ive been convincing him to see a doctor. 我一直劝他去看病。 2) im not convinced that youll be able to cure her. 我不相信你能把她治愈好。(be convinced that = 相信) 3) she nodded but didnt look convinced. 她点了点头，但看起来并没有信服。(look convinced=看上去心诚意服) 4) im convinced of her innocence. 我坚信她是清白无辜的。(be convinced of=对坚信不移) 5) she gave us a convincing argument/explanation. 他给了我们一个很有说服力的论点（解释）。(convincing: 令人信服的)8. it is important to always try to appeal to the audience in order to get them to react in a certain way. (p.18) 为了让观众作出预期的反应，努力去吸引他们是很重要的。 1) i wonder how they are going to react to my suggestion. 我不知道他们对我的提议会有什么反应。 2) some people react so strongly against commercial advertisements that they appeal to people not to have belief in them. 有些人强烈反对商业广告，因此呼吁人们不要相信它们。(react against 强烈反对) get sb./sth. to do sth.=让（某人或物）做（某事）：1) i couldnt get the car to start this morning. 我今天早上无法让这汽车发动起来。2) he got his sister to help him with his homework. 他让他姐姐帮助他做家庭作业。3) youll never get him to understand. 你永远不会使他明白。 have sb. do sth.=叫（某人）做（某事）： 1) he always has his sister help him with his homework. 他总是叫他姐姐帮助他做家庭作业。 2) they have you do this? 他们让你做这个？3) who had you do this? 是谁让你做这个的？ 4) who do you think mr. pan will have write the article for our class? 你们认为潘老师将会让谁写这篇稿子为我们班？语法讲解（unit 3, book3）直接引语和间接引语：一、定义：直接引用别人的原话（放在引号内）就是直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话就是间接引语。二、直接引语和间接引语的转换：直接引语转换成间接引语的时候，要注意四个变化。1. 人称的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化要遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。“一随主”指如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时，人称要和主句的主语人称保持一致。如：she said, “i am having a party for lana.” she said she was having a party for lana.“二随宾”是指如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时，人称要与主句的宾语的人称保持一致。如：she said to me, “are you interested in science?” she asked me if / whether i was interested in science.“第三人称不更新”指如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，变为间接引语时，人称不变。如：his mother said to me, “he cant go to school.” his mother told me (that) he couldnt go to school.2. 时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的时态保持不变。如：he says, “i have finished my homework.” he says (that) he has finished his homework.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，变为间接引语时，从句的时态应是与主句时态相对应的过去时态：直接引语间接引语例句一般现在时一般过去时she said, “i like mr. pan better than any other teachers.” she said (that) she liked mr. pan better than any other teachers.一般过去时过去完成时he said to us, “i did my homework at school.” he told us that he had done his homework at school.一般将来时过去将来时she said, “he will go to see his friend.” she said that he would go to see his friend.现在进行时过去进行时he asked, “how are you getting along with your research work, john?”he asked john how he was getting along with his research work.现在完成时过去完成时1. she said, “i have lost a pen.” she said that she had lost a pen.2. how much have we spent on petrol this year, susan asked her husband. susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year. 直接引语如果是科学真理性的客观事实，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。如：the teacher said, “the earth moves around the sun.” the teacher said (that) the earth moves around the sun.3. 指示代词、状语和动词的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、状语和动词的变化为：直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis (week, term, year)that (week, term, year)yesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next (the following) daythe day after tomorrowin two days timetwo weeks (terms, years) agotwo weeks (terms, years) beforenext week (term, year, time)the next week (term, year, time)地点状语herethere动词comegohe said, “my sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” he said (that) his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.4. 句型的变化直接引语间接引语句型变化陈述句1. he said: “i have left my book in my room.” 2. the boy said to us: “i usually get up at six every day.1. he said (that) he had left his book in his room.2. the boy told us that he usually gets up at six every day.间接引语由that引导，that可以省略。一般疑问句1. “do you like mr. pan?” mr. ling asked us.2. “you studied in japan for 2 years, didnt you?” the class teacher asked me.1. mr. ling asked us if we liked mr. pan.2. the class teacher asked me whether/if i had studied in japan for 2 years.直接引语如果是反义疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语由连词whether或if引导。特殊疑问句1. “how are you getting along with your studies?” she asked.2. he asked the girl, “how did you get here?”1. she asked me how i was getting along with my studies.2. he asked the girl how she had got there.间接引语由同一疑问词引导祈使句1. she said to her son, “dont play in the street.”2. “lets go for a walk”, said the girl.1. she told her son not to play in the street.2. the girl suggested going for a walk.感叹句1. she said, “what a lovely day it it!”2. “what a bright girl you are.” he said to me.3. what awful weather it is! she said. 1. she said what a lovely day it was.(或者)she said it was a lovely day.2. he praised(表扬) me that i was a bright girl.3. she complained about the awful weather.特殊情况1. “whats the matter?” she asked.2. “what is the matter with you, jim?” she asked.1. she asked what was the matter.2. she asked jim what was the matter with him.宾语从句中的语序不变【温馨提示】1. 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，主句中如果有say to somebody(对某人说)，通常变为tell somebody(告诉某人)。2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语，如果主句中的谓语动词是said，要改为asked。【巩固练习】i将下列句子变为间接引语：1. “you should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.2. mr. wang said, “i will leave for shanghai on business next month, children.”3. “i havent heard from my parents these days,” said mary.4. the geography teacher said to us, “the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.”5. zhang hong said to me, “doctor wang passed away in 1948.”6. he said, “are you a student?”7. “where are you going?” the father asked his son.8. “are you sorry for what you have done?” the mother asked the naughty boy.9. she said, “did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, mr. li?”10. “where does your chemistry teacher live, karen? ” the young man asked.11. “will you go to the concert with me this evening? ” mary asked me.12. “what did you do here yesterday? ” the old man asked my brother.ii将下列直接引语改为间接引语，每空一词：1. “are you from england?” jack asked tom. jack asked tom from england. 2. lucy asked, “you like playing basketball, dont you? lucy asked playing basketball. 3. “do you go to school by bus or by bike?” mr. black asked me. mr. black asked me to school by bus or by bike. 4. “how are you feeling now?” the doctor asked her. the doctor asked feeling . 5. “please give me a pen,” jenny said to her friend. jenny her friend a pen. 6. mrs. brown said to her students, “dont talk in class.” mrs brown her students in class. 直接引语变间接引语专练题i单项选择1. he asked _ for the computer. a. did i pay how much b. i paid how much c. how much did i pay d. how much i paid2. “have you seen the film?” he asked me. he asked me _.a. had i seen the