【创新思维】外研版高中英语选修六学案： Module 5 Cloning Function ；Grammar.doc

高中英语 module 5 cloning function ；grammar学案 外研版选修6学习目标： 阅读p60，p62, p63学习虚拟语气。高考链接： 了解虚拟语气在高考中的考察。学习过程i. 应用条件在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。ii条件状语从句条件句可分为两类：一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。if he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实)if there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气）iii用法及动词形式一、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：if主语+ 过去时(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/could/ might + do1if i were you, i would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2if i knew his telephone number, i would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）3if there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)注意：一般在虚拟条件句中无论是第几人称，用到系动词的过去式时，只用were而不用was。二、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：if主语+ had+ done 主句：主语+should/would/could/ might + have doneif i had got there earlier, i should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。2if he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。3she looked at me as if i had been a stranger. 她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。三、表示对将来情况的主观推测主句：主语+ should + do 从句： if+主语+were to do if+主语+should/would/could/ might + do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/ were1if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）2if there were a heavy snow next sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小）3if she were to be here next monday, i would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小）四、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。if i had worked hard at school, i would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了if they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。if he were free today, we would have sent him to beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。if he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。五、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。六、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without，but for等but for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。without your instruction, i would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。we didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。七、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句he would have finished it. 他本该完成了。you could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。 省略主句if i were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。if only i had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。八wish后面的宾语从句1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式i wish i had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had + donei wish i had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。3、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should / would（情态动词） + 动词原形i wish ishould have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。注：if only引导的感叹句和as if / as though引导的状语从句也有相同用法iv当堂检测1. if only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. a. lies b. lay c. had lain d. should lie2. how i wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden. a. has b. had c. will have d. had had 3. you did not let me drive. if we _in turn, you _ so tired a. drove; didnt get b. drove; wouldnt get c. were driving; wouldnt get d. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the yangpu bridge a. were b. should c. would d. will5. i suggested the person _ to be put into prison a. refers b. referring c. referred d. refer6. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken7. i wish i _here then a. was b. had been c. were d. would be8. but for water, it _impossible to live in the earth a. is b. would c. were d. wouldnt be9. the thief closed his eyes _ he _dyinga. even if , was b. though, would be c. even, had been d. as if, were10. i did not see your sister at the meeting. if she _, she would have met my brother a. has come b. did come c. had come d. came11. without electricity human life _quite different todaya. is b. will be c. would have been d. would be12. if my lawyer _here last sunday, he _ me from going a. had been, would have prevented b. had been, would prevent c. were, prevent d. were, would have prevented13. _hard, he would have passed the exam a. if he were to work b. had he worked c. should he work d. were he to work14. _today, he would get there by friday a. were he to leave b. if he had left c. did he to leave d. had he left15. had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowa. are b. were c. would be d. would have been16. i did not see your sister at the meeting. if she _, she would have met my brother a. has come b. did come c. come d. had come17. he _busy yesterday, or he _ you with