阅读理解--推断题解题方法公开[2].ppt

Welcome ReadingComprehension InferenceQuestions 阅读理解专题 推理判断题 2009 2013年高考英语阅读理解考点分布 Important 推理判断类题型特点 在阅读理解中 推理就是要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上 领悟作者的言外之意 得出符合作者意愿的结论 即根据作者暗示的内容 推断出合理的结论 阅读推理判断题 推断题分类 1 问题形式 Itcanbeinferred concludedfromthetextthat Fromthetextweknowthat Whenthewritertalksabout whathe shereallymeansis Thewritersuggeststhat Thestoryimplies indicatesthat 这类题干中通常含有infer suggest imply concludeindicate 暗示 等标志性词语 一 如何推断隐含意义 2 技巧点拨 1 根据细节内容进行推断 一 如何推断隐含意义 推理判断得出结论 1 Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall Diditsoundlikeaclock Ifso itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie Thusthebeetleiscalled thedeathwatchbeetle Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle A pleasedpeople B surprisedpeople C frightenedpeople D excitedpeople 实例透析1 2 Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit Ifyoudon tturnitbackover alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto 依附 theundersidewilldie Thepassageimpliesthatrocks hurtseaanimalsprotectseaanimalsC won tbefoundonbeachesD can tbefoundonbeaches 实例透析2 2 技巧点拨 2 针对主题思想 一 如何推断隐含意义 得出结论 3 IntheCaliforniastudy childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn thaveTVsintheirbedrooms Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs A Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers B ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV C TVsetsshouldn tbeallowedinchildren sbedroomsD Furtherstudiesonhigh achievingstudentsshouldbedone 二 如何推断作者观点和态度 1 问题特点 题干中通常含有attitude view opinion thinkof thinkabout intheauthor sopinion mind等标志性词语 二 如何推断作者观点和态度 2 技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词 副词 动词及所举的例子 推断出作者的弦外之音 5 Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行贿 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthebadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform Whatistheauthor sattitudetowardsthemoderntechnology A CriticalB Objective C Optimistic D Negative Therewasatimewhensomepeople slivesweredevotedsimplytothecultivationofthelandorthecareofcattle Nomulti taskingthere theirliveswentonatamuchgentlerpace andinafamiliarpattern Thereismuchthatwemightenvyaboutawayoflifelikethis Yetbeforewedoso wemustthinkofthehardtasksourancestorsfaced theyfarmedwithbarehands oftenlivedclosetohunger andhadtofashiontoolsfromwoodandstone Modernmachineryhasfreedpeoplefromthatprimitiveexistence Brainstorming 说明作者的态度 1 Objective 2 positive 3 negative 4 neutral 5 approval 6 disapproval 7 indifferent 8 ironic 9 critical 10 optimistic 11 pessimistic 12 cautious 客观的 消极的 漠不关心的 赞成的 不赞成的 乐观的 悲观的 积极的 讽刺的 批评的 中立的 TakingNotes 谨慎的 1 问题的形式 Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear Thepassageismostlikelyapartof 三 如何推断文章出处 Brainstorming Don twanderaimlesslythroughlife Getconfusedonyourgoals starthelpingothersinneed andlivelifetothefullest Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou vebeenmissing Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks too Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou rethereinthearticlesection whichisupdateddaily Thistextmustbetakenfrom AaradioprogramB awebsiteC anewspaperD aTVprogram 2 解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构或典型的句子来判断其出处 eg 1 报纸 前面会出现日期 地点或通讯社名称 2 广告 因其格式特殊 容易辨认 3 产品说明 器皿 设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式 而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间 次数 药量等 4 网络 www com blog ebooks clickhere Internet update Morethan30 000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured 受伤 eachyear Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow Wearingaseatbelt 安全带 saveslives itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt Ifyoudonot youcouldbefinedupto 50 Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt Butitwillbethedriver sresponsibility 责任 tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind However youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing 倒退 yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery 发送 orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit Makesurethesecircumstances 情形 applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit 3分钟 Thistextistakenfrom A amedicalmagazineB apolicereportC anadvertisement 广告 D agovernmentinformationbooklet 小册子 Morethan30 000 arekilledorseriouslyinjured 受伤 eachyear youcouldbefinedupto 50 Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt youmaybefined 四 推断上下文内容 1 Questionforms Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss 2 解题技巧推测下文的内容 根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容 关注第一段 特别是文段开始的几句话 Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire however theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees causingthetreestodie Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout A fireB huntingC farmingD urbanization 城市化 1 Questionforms 1 考查整篇文章的写作目的A Thewriter spurposeofwritingthispassageisto B Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle C Inwritingthepassage theauthorintendsto 2 考查某处细节的写作意图A Thewriterusestheexampleof toshowthat B Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto C arementionedinthefirstparagraphto 五如何推断写作目的 Brainstorming Tointroducesth Tosellaproductorservice Toarractreaders attention Toattractreaderstopayforatriptosomeattraction Tocallon Toresiststh Toamusereaders Toargueagainst andsupportone sownidea Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto A testthereaders knowledgeaboutwavesB drawthereaders attentiontothetopicC showJamieTaylor simportanceD invitethereaderstoanswerthem Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid TheCostofHigherEducationManypeoplebelievethathighereducationshouldbefreebecauseitisgoodfortheeconomy 经济 Manygraduatesclearlydocontributetonationalwealth butsodoallthebusinessesthatinvest 投资 andcreatejobs Ifyoubelievethatthegovernmentshouldpayforhighereducationbecausegraduatesareeconomicallyproductive youshouldalsobelievethatthegovernmentshouldpaypartofbusinesscosts Anyonepromisingtocreatejobsshouldreceiveagiftofcapitalfromthegovernmenttoinvest Therefore itistheindividual notthegovernment whoshouldpayfortheiruniversityeducation TheauthormentionsbusinessesinParagraph5inorderto A argueagainstfreeuniversityeducationB callonthemtofinancestudents studiesC encouragegraduatestogointobusinessD showtheircontributiontohighereducation Accordingtotheserules whatstatementshouldn twechoose 1 备选项的中心词背离文章的主题思想2 文中叙述的是事实3 文中无依据4 太绝对或太片面5 偷换概念6 与细节信息相反 DOremember 1 依据文章2 关注细节3 言外之意4 思路吻合5 合乎逻辑6 答案最佳 Practicemakesperfect Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment itwas A veryclean B justcleanedbythelandlord C tidyandcomfortable D dirtyandfullofinsects Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches 蟑螂 andtwospiders 蜘蛛 Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor theshopassistantwasverysurprised Well repliedtheman I mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit 5 Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph A Maryfeelspityforherself B Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease C Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible D Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor Althoughherdiseasehasaffectedhereyesightandforcedhertothesidelinesofthedancefloor sherefusestofallintoself pity Everybodyonearthcanask whyme aboutsomethingorother sheinsists Itdoesn tdoanygood Nooneisimmune 免疫的 toheartachepain anddisappointments Sometimeswecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers I vecometorealizetheimportanceofthatasI vegrownupthissecondtime IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe 4 Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext A HappinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountryB HealthismoreimportantthanmoneyC TheharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportantD Goodolddayswillneverbeforgotten Thenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening Itwasthefrog Theyhadn tbeenuseless Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjob eatinginsects Withsomanyfrogskilled theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases Now thepeoplearestillpoor Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning topicsentence Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividualmadesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresentmedicalknowledge Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundaryofsociety ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth Ifwedodesire wecansmoke drinkmuch refusetowearseatbelts eatwhateverfoodwewant andliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercise 练习题 解释 P5 Q Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabou