2008年大学英语四级翻译轻松练汇总.doc

1. _(从太空上来看)，our earth, with water covering about 75% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”.2.Anti-government demonstrations do occur, but seldom, if ever, _(正如报纸上报道他们的那样)。3.He lent me a thousand pounds,_(那正好是我需要的数目)to solve my problem.4.The villagers_(理所当然地认为)that we should build new roads.5._(如果我和我兄弟之间出现争吵)，my dad settles it.答案：1. Seen from spaceSeen from space此处用做状语，它和句子主句the earth 的关系是被动的，要用过去分词，being seen 是现在分词的被动形式，这种形式用在动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动词同时发生，在作状语的分词里较少适用。2. are they reported in the newspaperbut 后的分句是以含有否定意义的seldom起首的，后面要用倒装结构。由于是被报纸报道，所以report 要用它的被动形式。3. which is exactly the amount I needed此处用关系代词which 指代a thousand pounds.英语中表示金钱、时间、距离等数量的名词短语，虽然形式上是复数的，其后动词仍用单数形式。4. take it for grantedtake it for granted 是固定搭配，意思是“理所当然地认为”。5. If any quarrel arises between my brother and me此句容易把arise 用成rise，但是 rise的意思是“升起，起来”，而arise 的意思是“出现，发生，呈现”，主语一般为抽象名词，如“problem, trouble, quarrel”等.1_(钟声响了) and we realized it was already two oclock in the afternoon.2.Finding it difficult to _(适应那里的气候)，he decided to move to the north.3.He asked the teacher to_(解释得更详细一些)。4_(与成年人学习外语相比) children do not have good conditions, but they can master mother tongue completely.5._(就外表而言)，Jack and his younger brother have little in common.答案：1. The clock struck时钟报时用strike,而不用ring.电话铃响了一般用ring.2. adapt to the climate thereadapt to 有“与相适应”的意思，还可以用“be accustomed to ”或“be adjusted to”来表达类似的意思。注意这些“to”后面一定要跟名词或动名词。3. explain the word in greater detail“explain the word in greater detail”即“详细解释某事”的意思。4. Compared with adults learning foreign languages此句考查分词的正确使用，它的主语是children,与adults相比，与compare是动宾关系，所以要用表示被动关系的过去分词形式。5. As far as the appearance is concerned“as far as something is concerned”表示“就而言”，相似的短语有“as something referred”,表示就某事物的某方面作说明。1. 词汇层次仔细分析自改革以来的四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇。大学生活类required/compulsory course 必修课enrolment/register for 注册graduate school 研究生院instructor 辅导老师letter of recommendation 推荐信optional course 选修课take an examination/sit an examination 参加考试oral examination 口试postgraduate 研究生credit 学分president 校长dean 导师score/mark 分数participation 出勤application form 申请表assessment 评估assignment 作业course arrangement 课程安排undergraduate 本科生二.语句层次否定句部分否定句部分否定句虽然是否定句的形式，但其否定意义只局限于整体的一部分。其形式为：概括词all,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely和wholly等。例：There is a famous proverb saying that_(闪光的东西并非都是金子）答案：all that glitters is not gold(本题主要考察部分否定句。该谚语中，that glitters是一个定语从句，修饰前面的all)完全否定句完全否定句是针对部分否定句而言，这种否定是彻底的。其形式为：no,none等否定词+肯定式谓语，常见的可以用于这一句型的否定意义的词有：no,none,nobody,nowhere,anyhow,neither,never等，在这一句型中，不定代词不能做主语。还有一种形式为all等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的词。例：Cheap as it is,but_(我今天无论如何都买不到)答案：anyhow I will not buy it today(本题主要考察完全否定句，anyhow意思是“无论如何都不”)此主题相关图片如下： 1.Dont you be told that _(这两本书并非都是有益的)2.Although most people like music,_(但并非人人都想去听音乐会)3._(他的一切计划都泡汤了),so dont count on his fulfilling the task on time.4.He is so excited_(他此时此刻的心情是无法用语言来形容的)答案：1.both of the books are not helpful2.everyone dont want to go to the concert3.All his plan came to nothing4.that none of the words can describe his feelings一.词汇层次仔细分析自改革以来的四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇。大学生活类back issues 过期刊物cafeteria 自助小餐厅call slip 索书单campus 校园club 俱乐部catalogue 目录current account 现金帐户current issues 本期刊物deposit money in a bank 存钱dining hall 食堂dormitory 宿舍lecture hall 阶梯教室library card 借书卡overdue and pay a fine 过期存款renew 续借shopping mall/center 购物中心society 学生团体student union 学生会withdraw/draw cash 取钱二.语句层次否定句双重否定句其形式一为：主语+cannot+help/refrain/keep+from+动名词。Help from, refrain from, keep from等词具有“抑制，忍住”等否定含义，与cannot等连用，具有双重否定的意义。例：Having won the gold medal,_(他禁不住喜形于色)。答案：he could not refrain from showing his pleasure.(本题考察双重否定句，refrain from的意思是“克制，避免”)其形式二为：主语+cannot+but/choose but/help but+动词原形。例：_(我们别无选择只好另投旅馆住宿)，since all the hotels here are with signs “Be Booked Up”.答案：We could not help but look for another one to stay in.(本题考察双重否定句，“cannot help but”句型，注意这里but后要用动词原形。)其形式三为：（There be）no+主语+but+谓语。在此句型中，but是关系代词，即代替前面的名词，又引导后面的从句，并且具有否定意义。例：He is so devoted to his experiment that_(没有人感觉不到他对事业的热爱)。答案：not a man/no man but felt his love to his career(本题考察双重否定句型，“no+主语+but+谓语”，no相当于not a 或 not any) 1._(我们忍不住笑起来)when he finished the story.2._(人们不能不被他的事迹所感动)after knowing the bachelor has adopted five orphans.3. Dont always stick to routines ,and you must know_(没有无例外的规则)。答案：1.We could not help laughing2.One cannot but be moved by his deeds3.there is no rule but has its exceptions一.词汇层次交通规则类amber light 黄灯red light 红灯crash 撞车cross road 十字路drive without license 无证驾驶excessive speed 超速green light 绿灯narrow road 窄路parking place 停车场speed limit 速度限制traffic jam 交通拥挤traffic light 红绿灯traffic police 交通警察traffic regulation 交通规则zebra stripes 斑马二.语句层次2.判断句强调判断句 形式一：主语+be+no/none+other than/but+表语（强调内容）例:Plants which refine crude ores are mind,_(通常不是设在开采矿石的国家，而是设在其他国家)。答案：are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are minded.(本题考察强调判断句型“主语+be other than”同时也考察了代词those 指代前面出现过的复数名词的用法，those 后接了一个定语从句) 形式二：主语+be+nothing+(else) but/else than/less than+表语例：The rich have their annoyances because _(有些人除了钱之外一无所有)。答案：someone have nothing but money（本题考察强调判断句型“主语+be+nothing+(else) but”,the rich 意思是“富人”，属于“the+形容词”表示一类人或物，表示一类人作主语时，谓语用复数，表示抽象事物时，谓语用单数。 形式三：It is/was+强调部分+that/who+从句例：_(做那个实践的正是我父亲)in the lab yesterday.答案：It was my father who did the experiment.(本题考察强调判断句型,强调的宾语是the experiment,引导词用who)1. The tall figure that I saw_(不是别人，正是我们的校长)。2. To everyones surprise,_(他只是一味的笑)。3. _(这正是我父亲做的那个试验)in the lab yesterday.答案：1. was none other than our president2. he did nothing else than laugh3. It was the experiment that my father did一.词汇层次（四）观光旅游类check-in 登记入住check-out 结账离开holiday resort 度假村one-way ticket 单程机票place of sightseeing 浏览胜地room-service 客房服务round-trip ticket 来回机票sightseeing tour 观光旅游star-rated hotel 星级饭店tour group 旅游团队tour guide 导游travel service 旅行社tourist attraction 旅游胜地vacation tour 度假旅游二.语句层次2.判断句（2）正反判断句 形式一 ：主语+be +not+表语A +but+表语B例：There are different opinions about the true meaning of life, but most people believe that_(生命并不一定要漫长，但是要五彩缤纷)。答案：life is not always long but it must be amazing(本题考察正反判断句，注意but后如果是一个完整的句子，主语一定要和前面的保持一致) 形式二：（It is）not that(who),but that (who)例：It is not that I dislike the work,_(而是我没有时间)答案：but that I have no time(本题考察正反判断句，注意“not that but that”中的两个that 均不能省略)1.I am badly ill,_(不是肉体上，而是精神上)。2.It is not heroes who create the people, but the people _(创造英雄并推动历史向前)。3.It is a big joke that _(无论何时我听到它都忍不住笑起来)。4.The man who stolen my watch was _(不是别人，正是约翰)。答案：1.not bodily, but mentally2,who create heroes and move history onward3.I cant help laughing whenever I hear it4.no other than John一.词汇层次社会热点类assistant president 总裁助理advance with times 与时俱进bid for the Olympic Games 申办奥运会birth control 计划生育brain drain 人才外流bubble economy 泡沫经济care for senior citizens 关心老年人cost of living maintenance 生活费用comprehensive national power 综合国力compulsory education 义务教育computer crime 电脑犯罪divorce 离婚dropout student 失学儿童eliminate illiteracy 扫盲economic globalization/integration 经济全球化education for all-round development 素质教育二.语句层次2.判断句比较判断句 形式一：主语+be +less/more+表语A+ than+表语B例：He does everything with great care but I think _(与其说他谨慎，不如说他是怯懦)。答案：he is more poltroon than cautious.(本题考察比较判断句型“more than ”的用法，它的意思是“与其说不如说”，more和than后接对称成分) 形式二：主语+be +not so much+表语A +as+表语B例：Judging from his words, we can know that_(他不是生病，而是情绪低落)。答案：he isnt so much ill as depressed.(本题考察比较判断句型 not so much as, 意思是“不是而是”) 形式三：主语+be+ rather表语A+ than+ 表语B例：He who can recite 500 poems_(与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。)答案：is rather diligent than clever(本题考察比较判断句型“rather than”的用法，它的意思是“与其说不如说”，和rather than后接对称成分)1. One blind man says that_(与其说大象像别的东西，不如说它像一根长矛。）2. Scientists believe that_(与其说海洋分隔了世界，倒不如说海洋连接了各国。）3. Experience shows that success is _(应更多的归功与热忱而非能力）答案：1. the elephant is more like a spear than anything else2. Oceans dont so much divide the world as unite it3. due less to ability than to zeal一. 句型复习部分否定句部分否定句虽然是否定句的形式，但其否定意义只局限于整体的一部分。其形式为：概括词all,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely和wholly等。完全否定句完全否定句是针对部分否定句而言，这种否定是彻底的。其形式为：no,none等否定词+肯定式谓语，常见的可以用于这一句型的否定意义的词有：no,none,nobody,nowhere,anyhow,neither,never等，在这一句型中，不定代词不能做主语。还有一种形式为all等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的词。双重否定句其形式一为：主语+cannot+help/refrain/keep+from+动名词。Help from, refrain from, keep from等词具有“抑制，忍住”等否定含义，与cannot等连用，具有双重否定的意义。其形式二为：主语+cannot+but/choose but/help but+动词原形。其形式三为：（There be）no+主语+but+谓语。在此句型中，but是关系代词，即代替前面的名词，又引导后面的从句，并且具有否定意义。今天的作业分两部分一.单词汉译英申请表本科生目录学生会二.翻译句子1._(我的所有朋友都不抽烟除了你)，so my parents dont want me to stay with you.2.We have no need to run after luxury,because _(高价格并不一定意味着高品质）3.My teacher always scold us even for making a small mistake.I think she doesnt realize that _(人人都要缺点。)答案： application formundergraduatecataloguestudent union1. None of my friends smoke except you2. a high price does not necessarily mean good quality3. there is no man without faults一.词汇层次仔细分析自改革以来的四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇。（五）社会热点类Net citizen 网民Off line 下线New Human Being 新新人类Online love affair 网恋Online trading platform 网上交易平台People oriented/ people foremost 以人为本Pioneering spirit 首创精神Preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境Prime time 黄金时段Puppy love 早恋Rate of unemployment 失业率Rural population 乡村人口Self-protection awareness 自我保护意识Self-service ticketing 无人售票Shopping online 网上购物Single parent family 单亲家庭Surf the internet 网上冲浪二.语句层次3.倍数表示句型形式一：主语+be+倍数+that of+被比较对象或as+形容词+as+被比较对象例：By that time we shall_(生产的粮食将比2006年增加了3倍)。答案：produce four times as much grain as we did 2006(本题考察倍数表达法，倍数表达法要分清是原来的几倍，此题“增加了3倍”即是原来的四倍，另外，asas中间要用形容词原型。)形式二：主语+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍数+compared with+被比较对象例：The new buidings area_(将是旧楼的两倍)。答案：will be attain to 2 times of the old one(本题考察倍数表达法，of引出比较的对象，one指代前面出现过的building，翻译的时候要顾及到句子的前后，不要只看所要填的部分)。形式三：主语+increase+（by）百分数+compare with例：The output of June in our factory _(比5月份的产量增加了150%)答案：increase by 150% compared with that of May(本题考察倍数表达法，句型increase by compared with,that代指output，that的这种用法在倍数表达句子中常用到。)1. The average income of the staff has been _(与去年相比增加了50%)2. The size of the newly broadened square _(是以前的四倍大)3. After the new technique was introduced,the factory_(2000年能生产的卡车是往年的两倍)答案： 1.increased by 50 percent compared with last year2.is four times that of the previous duced twice as many trucks in 2000 as the year before今天我们一起来复习判断句。一. 句型复习2.判断句（1）强调判断句形式一：主语+be+no/none+other than/but+表语（强调内容）形式二：主语+be+nothing+(else)but/else than/less than+表语形式三：Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+从句（2）正反判断句形式一 ：主语+be +not+表语A+but+表语B形式二：（It is）not that(who),but that(who)（3）比较判断句形式一：主语+be +less/more+表语A+than+表语B形式二：主语+be +not so much+表语A+as+表语B形式三：主语+be+ rather表语A+ than+ 表语B语句层次 五倒装让步句型 形式一：表语+as +主语（代词）+系动词，+主句例：_(尽管这些贵族们非常傲慢)，they are afraid to see you.答案：Proud as these nobles are(本题考察倒装句，as引导的让步状语从句常倒装，将表语提到句首，如果表语是可数名词，则其前面不加冠词) 形式二：表语+系动词+主语（名词），+主句例：Nobody knows _(这就是Albert Einstein ,一位伟大的物理学家)答案：such is Albert Einstein,a great physicist(本题考察倒装句，表语such提到了句首，后面的主语省略了主谓语) 形式三：副词或动词原型+as+主语，+主句例：_(我们怎么尽力)，we could not accomplish it on time.答案：Try as we might(本题考察倒装句，as 引导的让步状语从句的谓语提前，句子倒装)1._(尽管你读的快)，we could not accomplish it.2._(尽管还是个孩子)，he knows much knowledge of science.3.If we wont agree to your plan, _(他们也不会同意)。答案：1.Fast as you read2.Child as he is3.neither will they语句层次六. It作形式主语时的常用句型形式一：It is+形容词+that/wh-从句例：It is important_(保持生态平衡)。答案：that we should keep the balance of nature(本题考查It 作形式主语时的用法，英语中的主语从句有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语，而真正的主语用that引导放在后面)形式二：It+不及物动词+that例：He has been here only three days and_(由此可见他对那事一无所知)。答案：it follows that he knows nothing about that(本题考查 It+不及物动词+that结构，注意前后句子时态的一致)形式三：It+be+名词+that例：It is our wish that_(他爱怎么样就怎么样)答案：he does what he pleases(本题考查 It作形式主语的同时，涉及了考试大虚拟语气的考查，在it isour wish/hope that 等结构中，从句子的谓语动词要用should+动词原形这样的虚拟语气)形式四：It+be+done+that例：It is said that_(宇宙形成于一次大爆炸以后)答案：the universe formed after the Big Explode(本题考查 It作形式主语的用法，常用于It+be+done+that，结构的动词有report, announce, expert等，常译为“据说”，“据报道”)1.He told us not to wait for him because_(他是否来还不敢肯定)。2.He has no intention of making progress so_(你老是帮助他是没有用的)3.（后来证实）_she is a friend of my sister.4.Nevertheless,_(不可否认的是)，it canbring some side-effects答案：1. it was uncertain whether he would come2. it is no use that you always help him3. It turned out that4. it cannot be denied that模拟演练：1.She never laughed,_(也从不发脾气)。2.All the key words in the article are printed in bold type so as to_(吸引读者的注意力)。3.The room is in a terrible mess,it_(肯定没打扫过)。4.（这个计划成功的关键）_is good planning.5.When I _(发现他骗我)I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.答案：1. nor did she ever lose temper/become angry(本题有两个考察点，第一，表示“两个都不”的否定词应该用nor，要把它置于句首句子要有倒装，第二，“发脾气”的表达法：lose temper/become angry)2. draw /attract readers attention(考察draw /attract readers attention “引起某人注意”， so as to 后接do sth.)3. cant have been cleaned(“情态动词+have done”表示推测，cant表示不可能，如考试大推测的事为过去式，则情态动词后用完成式)4. The key to the success of this project(key在这里解答、关键，其后一般接介词to)5. found/caught him cheating me(本题考察find/catch+宾语+宾补结构，表示发现某人做某事，cheat是及物动词，直接接宾语）模拟演练：1.Athough punctual himself, the professor was quite used _(习惯了学生迟到) in his lecture。2.I suggested he _(使自己适应)his new conditions.3.When Mr.Robert gets old,_(他将把生意传给)to his son.4.My teacher always scold us even for making a small mistake, I think she dont realize that _(人人都有缺点)。5.His remarks left me_(想知道他的真实目的)。答案：1. to students being late for(本题考查点之一是be used to+doing/noun结构，表示过去习惯于做某事，要注意它和used to +do 结构之间的区别，后者表示“过去有规律的习惯性动作或状态，而现在已不存在了”考查点之二：be late for “迟到”。考察点之三：ones doing 非谓语动词的复合结构。)2. should adapt himself to(本题主要考查虚拟语气，suggest作建议时，其宾语从句中要用虚拟句型“suggest that sb do sth”结构，还考查短语adapt oneself to意为使自己适应或习惯于。)3. hand over his business(本题考查“传给”的表达法，“转交权力或产业”等用hand over)4. everybody has faults/there is no man without fault(本题可从正面直译，也可以考试大采用双重否定进行反译，比较两种答案可以看出双重否定句更具感染力)5. wondering about his real purpose(本题考查leave sb doing 结构，表示“让某人继续处于某种状态中”)模拟演练：1.The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作)instead of mechanically.2.No pain,no gain,genius is _(也只不过是努力和勤奋)。3.John seems a nice person,_(即使这样)，I dont trust him.4._(我们没有人料到校长会出现)at the party.We thought he was still in hospital.5.The price of beer_(从30美分到5美分不等)per liter during the summer season.答案：1. had to be operated manually(have to 意为“不得不”其否定形式意思是“不一定”或“没有必要”pumps 是被操作，所以要用被动语态，“手工”修饰“操作”所以要用副词形式)2. nothing but labor and diligence(本题考查nothing but这个强调考试大判断句型，意为“也只不过是”)3. even so(even so “虽然如此，即使这样”)4. None of us expected the headmaster to turn up(本题考查全部否定,考查“expect sb to do sth”,expect要用过去时，还考查固定短语“turn up”,表示在某场合出现)5. ranges/varies from 30 cents to 5cents(本题考查句型“range/varyfromto”意为“从到范围内的变化”）模拟演练： 1. If you wont agree to our plan,_(他们也不会同意)2. _(正是由于她太没经验)that she does not know how to deal with the situation.3.The fifth generation computers,with art