大学英语四级翻译轻松练.doc

大学英语四级翻译轻松练新学期开始了，同学们，面对四级考试，你准备好了吗？ 面对四级的翻译题，你有信心拿全分吗？就让我们一起做翻译题吧！1._(从太空上来看)，our earth, with water covering about 75% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”.2.Anti-government demonstrations do occur, but seldom, if ever, _(正如报纸上报道他们的那样)。3.He lent me a thousand pounds,_(那正好是我需要的数目)to solve my problem.4.The villagers_(理所当然地认为)that we should build new roads.5._(如果我和我兄弟之间出现争吵)，my dad settles it.答案：1. Seen from spaceSeen from space此处用做状语，它和句子主句the earth 的关系是被动的，要用过去分词，being seen 是现在分词的被动形式，这种形式用在动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动词同时发生，在作状语的分词里较少适用。2. are they reported in the newspaperbut 后的分句是以含有否定意义的seldom起首的，后面要用倒装结构。由于是被报纸报道，所以report 要用它的被动形式。3. which is exactly the amount I needed此处用关系代词which 指代a thousand pounds.英语中表示金钱、时间、距离等数量的名词短语，虽然形式上是复数的，其后动词仍用单数形式。4. take it for grantedtake it for granted 是固定搭配，意思是“理所当然地认为”。5. If any quarrel arises between my brother and me此句容易把arise 用成rise，但是 rise的意思是“升起，起来”，而arise 的意思是“出现，发生，呈现”，主语一般为抽象名词，如“problem, trouble, quarrel”等.-1_(钟声响了) and we realized it was already two oclock in the afternoon.2.Finding it difficult to _(适应那里的气候)，he decided to move to the north.3.He asked the teacher to_(解释得更详细一些)。4_(与成年人学习外语相比) children do not have good conditions, but they can master mother tongue completely.5._(就外表而言)，Jack and his younger brother have little in common.答案：1. The clock struck 时钟报时用strike,而不用ring.电话铃响了一般用ring.2. adapt to the climate thereadapt to 有“与相适应”的意思，还可以用“be accustomed to ”或“be adjusted to”来表达类似的意思。注意这些“to”后面一定要跟名词或动名词。3. explain the word in greater detail“explain the word in greater detail”即“详细解释某事”的意思。4. Compared with adults learning foreign languages此句考查分词的正确使用，它的主语是children,与adults相比，与compare是动宾关系，所以要用表示被动关系的过去分词形式。5. As far as the appearance is concerned“as far as something is concerned”表示“就而言”，相似的短语有“as something referred”,表示就某事物的某方面作说明。一.词汇层次仔细分析自改革以来的四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇。大学生活类required/compulsory course 必修课enrolment/register for 注册 graduate school 研究生院 instructor 辅导老师letter of recommendation 推荐信optional course 选修课take an examination/sit an examination 参加考试oral examination 口试postgraduate 研究生credit 学分 president 校长dean 导师score/mark 分数participation 出勤application form 申请表assessment 评估assignment 作业course arrangement 课程安排undergraduate 本科生 二.语句层次否定句部分否定句部分否定句虽然是否定句的形式，但其否定意义只局限于整体的一部分。其形式为：概括词all,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely和wholly等。例：There is a famous proverb saying that_(闪光的东西并非都是金子）答案：all that glitters is not gold(本题主要考察部分否定句。该谚语中，that glitters是一个定语从句，修饰前面的all)完全否定句完全否定句是针对部分否定句而言，这种否定是彻底的。其形式为：no,none等否定词+肯定式谓语，常见的可以用于这一句型的否定意义的词有：no,none,nobody,nowhere,anyhow,neither,never等，在这一句型中，不定代词不能做主语。还有一种形式为all等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的词。例：Cheap as it is,but_(我今天无论如何都买不到)答案：anyhow I will not buy it today(本题主要考察完全否定句，anyhow意思是“无论如何都不”) 此主题相关图片如下： 1.Dont you be told that _(这两本书并非都是有益的)2.Although most people like music,_(但并非人人都想去听音乐会)3._(他的一切计划都泡汤了),so dont count on his fulfilling the task on time.4.He is so excited_(他此时此刻的心情是无法用语言来形容的)答案：1.both of the books are not helpful2.everyone dont want to go to the concert3.All his plan came to nothing4.that none of the words can describe his feelings-一.词汇层次仔细分析自改革以来的四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇。大学生活类back issues 过期刊物cafeteria 自助小餐厅call slip 索书单campus 校园club 俱乐部catalogue 目录current account 现金帐户current issues 本期刊物deposit money in a bank 存钱dining hall 食堂dormitory 宿舍lecture hall 阶梯教室library card 借书卡overdue and pay a fine 过期存款renew 续借shopping mall/center 购物中心society 学生团体student union 学生会withdraw/draw cash 取钱二.语句层次否定句双重否定句其形式一为：主语+cannot+help/refrain/keep+from+动名词。Help from, refrain from, keep from等词具有“抑制，忍住”等否定含义，与cannot等连用，具有双重否定的意义。例：Having won the gold medal,_(他禁不住喜形于色)。答案：he could not refrain from showing his pleasure.(本题考察双重否定句，refrain from的意思是“克制，避免”)其形式二为：主语+cannot+but/choose but/help but+动词原形。例：_(我们别无选择只好另投旅馆住宿)，since all the hotels here are with signs “Be Booked Up”.答案：We could not help but look for another one to stay in.(本题考察双重否定句，“cannot help but”句型，注意这里but后要用动词原形。)其形式三为：（There be）no+主语+but+谓语。在此句型中，but是关系代词，即代替前面的名词，又引导后面的从句，并且具有否定意义。例：He is so devoted to his experiment that_(没有人感觉不到他对事业的热爱)。答案：not a man/no man but felt his love to his career(本题考察双重否定句型，“no+主语+but+谓语”，no相当于not a 或 not any) 1._(我们忍不住笑起来)when he finished the story.2._(人们不能不被他的事迹所感动)after knowing the bachelor has adopted five orphans.3. Dont always stick to routines ,and you must know_(没有无例外的规则)。答案：1.We could not help laughing2.One cannot but be moved by his deeds3.there is no rule but has its exceptions一.词汇层次仔细分析自改革以来的四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇。 交通规则类amber light 黄灯red light 红灯crash 撞车cross road 十字路drive without license 无证驾驶excessive speed 超速green light 绿灯narrow road 窄路parking place 停车场speed limit 速度限制traffic jam 交通拥挤traffic light 红绿灯traffic police 交通警察traffic regulation 交通规则zebra stripes 斑马二.语句层次2.判断句强调判断句 形式一：主语+be+no/none+other than/but+表语（强调内容）例:Plants which refine crude ores are mind,_(通常不是设在开采矿石的国家，而是设在其他国家)。答案：are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are minded.(本题考察强调判断句型“主语+be other than”同时也考察了代词those 指代前面出现过的复数名词的用法，those 后接了一个定语从句) 形式二：主语+be+nothing+(else) but/else than/less than+表语例：The rich have their annoyances because _(有些人除了钱之外一无所有)。答案：someone have nothing but money（本题考察强调判断句型“主语+be+nothing+(else) but”,the rich 意思是“富人”，属于“the+形容词”表示一类人或物，表示一类人作主语时，谓语用复数，表示抽象事物时，谓语用单数。 形式三：It is/was+强调部分+that/who+从句例：_(做那个实践的正是我父亲)in the lab yesterday.答案：It was my father who did the experiment.(本题考察强调判断句型,强调的宾语是the experiment,引导词用who) 1. The tall figure that I saw_(不是别人，正是我们的校长)。2. To everyones surprise,_(他只是一味的笑)。3. _(这正是我父亲做的那个试验)in the lab yesterday.答案：1. was none other than our president 2. he did nothing else than laugh3. It was the experiment that my father did 一.词汇层次仔细分析自改革以来的四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇。（四）观光旅游类 check-in 登记入住 check-out 结账离开holiday resort 度假村one-way ticket 单程机票place of sightseeing 浏览胜地room-service 客房服务round-trip ticket 来回机票sightseeing tour 观光旅游star-rated hotel 星级饭店tour group 旅游团队tour guide 导游travel service 旅行社tourist attraction 旅游胜地vacation tour 度假旅游二.语句层次2.判断句（2）正反判断句 形式一 ：主语+be +not+表语A +but+表语B例：There are different opinions about the true meaning of life, but most people believe that_(生命并不一定要漫长，但是要五彩缤纷)。答案：life is not always long but it must be amazing(本题考察正反判断句，注意but后如果是一个完整的句子，主语一定要和前面的保持一致) 形式二：（It is）not that(who),but that (who)例：It is not that I dislike the work,_(而是我没有时间) 答案：but that I have no time(本题考察正反判断句，注意“not that but that”中的两个that 均不能省略) 1.I am badly ill,_(不是肉体上，而是精神上)。2.It is not heroes who create the people, but the people _(创造英雄并推动历史向前)。3.It is a big joke that _(无论何时我听到它都忍不住笑起来)。4.The man who stolen my watch was _(不是别人，正是约翰)。答案：1.not bodily, but mentally2,who create heroes and move history onward3.I cant help laughing whenever I hear it4.no other than John一.词汇层次仔细分析自改革以来的四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇 社会热点类assistant president 总裁助理avance with times 与时俱进bid for the Olympic Games 申办奥运会birth control 计划生育brain drain 人才外流bubble economy 泡沫经济care for senior citizens 关心老年人cost of living maintenance 生活费用comprehensive national power 综合国力compulsory education 义务教育computer crime 电脑犯罪divorce 离婚dropout student 失学儿童eliminate illiteracy 扫盲economic globalization/integration 经济全球化education for all-round development 素质教育二.语句层次2.判断句 比较判断句 形式一：主语+be +less/more+表语A+ than+表语B例：He does everything with great care but I think _(与其说他谨慎，不如说他是怯懦)。答案：he is more poltroon than cautious.(本题考察比较判断句型“more than ”的用法，它的意思是“与其说不如说”，more和than后接对称成分) 形式二：主语+be +not so much+表语A +as+表语B例：Judging from his words, we can know that_(他不是生病，而是情绪低落)。答案：he isnt so much ill as depressed.(本题考察比较判断句型 not so much as, 意思是“不是而是”) 形式三：主语+be+ rather表语A+ than+ 表语B例：He who can recite 500 poems_(与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。)答案：is rather diligent than clever(本题考察比较判断句型“rather than”的用法，它的意思是“与其说不如说”，和rather than后接对称成分) 1. One blind man says that_(与其说大象像别的东西，不如说它像一根长矛。）2. Scientists believe that_(与其说海洋分隔了世界，倒不如说海洋连接了各国。）3. Experience shows that success is _(应更多的归功与热忱而非能力）答案：1. the elephant is more like a spear than anything else2. Oceans dont so much divide the world as unite it3. due less to ability than to zeal一. 句型复习部分否定句部分否定句虽然是否定句的形式，但其否定意义只局限于整体的一部分。其形式为：概括词all,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely和wholly等。完全否定句完全否定句是针对部分否定句而言，这种否定是彻底的。其形式为：no,none等否定词+肯定式谓语，常见的可以用于这一句型的否定意义的词有：no,none,nobody,nowhere,anyhow,neither,never等，在这一句型中，不定代词不能做主语。还有一种形式为all等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的词。双重否定句其形式一为：主语+cannot+help/refrain/keep+from+动名词。Help from, refrain from, keep from等词具有“抑制，忍住”等否定含义，与cannot等连用，具有双重否定的意义。其形式二为：主语+cannot+but/choose but/help but+动词原形。其形式三为：（There be）no+主语+but+谓语。在此句型中，but是关系代词，即代替前面的名词，又引导后面的从句，并且具有否定意义。今天的作业分两部分一.单词汉译英申请表本科生目录学生会二.翻译句子1._(我的所有朋友都不抽烟除了你)，so my parents dont want me to stay with you.2.We have no need to run after luxury,because _(高价格并不一定意味着高品质）3.My teacher always scold us even for making a small mistake.I think she doesnt realize that _(人人都要缺点。) 答案： application formundergraduatecataloguestudent union 1. None of my friends smoke except you 2. a high price does not necessarily mean good quality3. there is no man without faults一.词汇层次仔细分析自改革以来的四级翻译题，发现句句贴近生活，源于生活。因此了摘一些贴近大学生生活的词汇。 （五）社会热点类 Net citizen 网民Off line 下线New Human Being 新新人类Online love affair 网恋Online trading platform 网上交易平台People oriented/ people foremost 以人为本Pioneering spirit 首创精神Preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境Prime time 黄金时段Puppy love 早恋Rate of unemployment 失业率Rural population 乡村人口Self-protection awareness 自我保护意识Self-service ticketing 无人售票Shopping online 网上购物Single parent family 单亲家庭Surf the internet 网上冲浪二.语句层次3.倍数表示句型形式一：主语+be+倍数+that of+被比较对象或as+形容词+as+被比较对象例：By that time we shall_(生产的粮食将比2006年增加了3倍)。答案：produce four times as much grain as we did 2006(本题考察倍数表达法，倍数表达法要分清是原来的几倍，此题“增加了3倍”即是原来的四倍，另外，asas中间要用形容词原型。)形式二：主语+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍数+compared with+被比较对象例：The new buidings area_(将是旧楼的两倍)。答案：will be attain to 2 times of the old one(本题考察倍数表达法，of引出比较的对象，one指代前面出现过的building，翻译的时候要顾及到句子的前后，不要只看所要填的部分)。形式三：主语+increase+（by）百分数+compare with例：The output of June in our factory _(比5月份的产量增加了150%)答案：increase by 150% compared with that of May(本题考察倍数表达法，句型increase by compared with,that代指output，that的这种用法在倍数表达句子中常用到。)1. The average income of the staff has been _(与去年相比增加了50%)2. The size of the newly broadened square _(是以前的四倍大)3. After the new technique was introduced,the factory_(2000年能生产的卡车是往年的两倍)答案： 1.increased by 50 percent compared with last year 2.is four times that of the previous duced twice as many trucks in 2000 as the year before一. 句型复习2.判断句（1）强调判断句形式一：主语+be+no/none+other than/but+表语（强调内容）形式二：主语+be+nothing+(else)but/else than/less than+表语形式三：Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+从句（2）正反判断句形式一 ：主语+be +not+表语A+but+表语B形式二：（It is）not that(who),but that(who)（3）比较判断句形式一：主语+be +less/more+表语A+than+表语B形式二：主语+be +not so much+表语A+as+表语B形式三：主语+be+ rather表语A+ than+ 表语B五倒装让步句型 形式一：表语+as+主语（代词）+系动词，+主句 例：_(尽管这些贵族们非常傲慢)，theyareafraidtoseeyou. 答案：Proudasthesenoblesare (本题考察倒装句，as引导的让步状语从句常倒装，将表语提到句首，如果 表语是可数名词，则其前面不加冠词) 形式二：表语+系动词+主语（名词），+主句 例：Nobodyknows_(这就是AlbertEinstein,一位伟大的物理学家) 答案：suchisAlbertEinstein,agreatphysicist (本题考察倒装句，表语such提到了句首，后面的主语省略了主谓语) 形式三：副词或动词原型+as+主语，+主句 例：_(我们怎么尽力)，wecouldnotaccomplishitontime. 答案：Tryaswemight (本题考察倒装句，as引导的让步状语从句的谓语提前，句子倒装) 1._(尽管你读的快)，wecouldnotaccomplishit. 2._(尽管还是个孩子)，heknowsmuchknowledgeofscience. 3.Ifwewontagreetoyourplan,_(他们也不会同意)。 答案： 1.Fastasyouread 2.Childasheis 3.neitherwillthey语句层次六. It作形式主语时的常用句型形式一：It is+形容词+that/wh-从句例：It is important_(保持生态平衡)。答案：that we should keep the balance of nature(本题考查It 作形式主语时的用法，英语中的主语从句有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语，而真正的主语用that引导放在后面)形式二：It+不及物动词+that例：He has been here only three days and_(由此可见他对那事一无所知)。答案：it follows that he knows nothing about that(本题考查 It+不及物动词+that结构，注意前后句子时态的一致)形式三：It+be+名词+that例：It is our wish that_(他爱怎么样就怎么样)答案：he does what he pleases(本题考查 It作形式主语的同时，涉及了考试大虚拟语气的考查，在it isour wish/hope that 等结构中，从句子的谓语动词要用should+动词原形这样的虚拟语气)形式四：It+be+done+that例：It is said that_(宇宙形成于一次大爆炸以后)答案：the universe formed after the Big Explode(本题考查 It作形式主语的用法，常用于It+be+done+that，结构的动词有report, announce, expert等，常译为“据说”，“据报道”)1.He told us not to wait for him because_(他是否来还不敢肯定)。2.He has no intention of making progress so_(你老是帮助他是没有用的)3.（后来证实）_she is a friend of my sister.4.Nevertheless,_(不可否认的是)，it canbring some side-effects答案：1. it was uncertain whether he would come2. it is no use that you always help him3. It turned out that4. it cannot be denied that模拟演习：1. We should recognize that every company and every person is_(顾客和供应者漫长链条的一部分)。2. Id rather_(你别发表任何意见)on the issue for the time being.3. He always dreams of _(有个机会)for him to bring into full play his potential.4. We had to start at exactly the same time,_(所以我们必须核准手表)。5. He has just arrived, but he talks_(似乎什么都知道了)。答案： 1. We should recognize that every company and every person is part of a long chain of customers and suppliers (顾客和供应者漫长链条的一部分)。 (本题考查名词chain的用法。原句说顾客和供应者之间是一种链条关系，chain的意思是“链条，一系列”符合题意)2. Id rather you didnt make any comment (你别发表任何意见)on the issue for the time being.(本题考查would rather 的用法，此外还考查 make comment 这个词组，意为“发表意见”)3. He always dreams of there being a chance (有个机会)for him to bring into full play his potential.(本题考查短语用法，dream of 后面接名词或动名词，there being 是there be 的动名词形式，是本题的正确表达法)4. We had to start at exactly the same time, so we had our watches checked (所以我们必须核追手表)。（本题考查have sth done 的句型。句中的因果关系提示原因是要同时出发，那么其结果是要对表，动词check就是为准确性而做的调查或检验）5.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he knows about that (似乎什么都知道了)(本题考查as if 的用法，as if 后要用虚拟语气，同时根据前半句的时态，后半句也要求用完成时态) 模拟演习：1. I dont mind you_(延期做出决定)the decision as long as it is not too late.2. _(真是不凑巧)，the one who I wanted to call on wasnt in.3. But for his help,I_(不可能这么早完成)。4. She never dreams of _(被派到国外)5. This leaflet tells you _(怎么在旅行期间防止生病)答案：1. I dont mind you delaying making(延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late. (本题考查mind以及delay“延期”这两个词的用法。首先mind作为及物动词时，后面通常接名词、代词、动词的ing形式、复合机构、从句等，delay后接动词时，应该接动词的ing形式)2. As chance would have it (真是不凑巧)，the one who I wanted to call on wasnt in.(本题考查惯用表达as chance would have it，意为“凑巧、偏偏、不巧”)3. But for his help,I would not have finished so early (不可能这么早完成)。(but for 意为“要不是”暗示句子应该用虚拟语气，根据句意可知是与过去事实相反，所以用would+have+过去分词结构)4. She never dreams of being sent abroad (被派到国外)(本题考查dream of的用法，后接doing sth,但注意此处要用被动语态，还考查“派到国外”，“派遣某人”通常用send，到国外译为abroad)5. This leaflet tells you how to avoid getting ill while traveling (怎么在旅行期间防止生病)(本题考查tell sb sth结构，因此所译部分为名词性从句，其中要注意aviod后接动名词，故get要用ing形式) 模拟演习：=1. He wrote to say _(他们终究还是不能给我一份工作).2. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻烦).3. I would_(不会诉诸法律)a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.4. This popular sports car_(正在生产出来)out at the rate of a thousand a week.5. Mark often_(试图逃脱罚款)whenever he breaks traffic regulations.答案：