欧美文学重点翻译3.doc

the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves 溅吧、溅吧、溅吧,最好的朋友的早逝, 少年的无忧无虑、天真快乐,海浪和船只的无情移动与诗人心境的悲伤作对比 we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife. Crossing the bar means leaving this world and entering the next world 渡过沙洲 我们可以感受到他对死亡的无畏,他对上帝以及来世的忠实信仰,“渡过沙洲”意味着离开这个世界进入到另一个世界 not endure the peaceful commonplace everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue,尤利西斯 不能忍受平凡宁静的生活,即使他老了,他还是说服他的老追随者同他一起，再次出航,追求新世界，新知识，戏剧独白Robert Browning - the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue 罗伯特勃朗宁-最早提高并且使喜剧独白走向成熟的诗人 his masterpiece 他的杰作环与图书 this dramatic monologue is the dukes speech addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage, the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man 我的前公爵夫人这个戏剧性的独白，是公爵与前来提亲的代理人之间的对话，公爵是一个自负，残暴和专制的人 夜会 晨别 George Eliot:As a woman of exceptional 特有的intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women 乔治.艾略特：一个有着异常智慧和生活经验的妇女,她表达了自己对妇女命运的特别关注 a sharp contrast is set between the cold, lifeless, dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigor 米德尔马契将精力旺盛、活力四射的多萝西娅与凄冷、毫无生气、阴暗的房子形成强烈对比 Thomas Hardy - both a naturalistic and a critical realist writerLocal-colored, Wessex, novels of character and environment 托马斯哈代-既是一个自然主义作家，也是一个批判现实主义作家， 他的作品带有地方乡土色彩，艾塞克斯-小说的背景及特征 experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration 德伯家的苔丝的经验是与其容忍，不如反抗 American Romantic Period 美国浪漫主义时期 Started with Washington Irvings and ended with Whitmans , also called the American RenaissanceFree expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to nature New England Transcendentalism 以华盛顿欧文的见闻杂记开始，以惠特曼的草叶集结束。也被称为“美国的文艺复兴”，情感的自由表达，对社会的回避，回归自然，新英格兰的先验说 Washington Irving - father of the American short stories, the American Goldsmith Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced 华盛顿欧文-美国短片小说之父，美国戈德史密斯称他为美国文学史上曾经产生的最完美的古典主义风格 First novel 第一部小说纽约外史 contains German folk tales , 见闻杂记包括了两个德国的民间传说 瑞普凡温克，睡谷传奇 Ralph Waldo Emerson - the spokesman of New England Transcendentalism movement 拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生-新英格兰先验主义运动的代言人 , , 美国学者，自助，超灵 a reflection upon the aesthetic problems in terms of the present state of literature in America 诗人反应了关于美国目前文学状态的审美问题 a discussion about the conflict between idealism and ordinary lifeAmerican Puritanism, European Romanticism, intuitive knowledge, over-soul, individual, nature 经验 关于理想主义和美国清教徒的平凡生活，欧洲浪漫主义精神，直接经验，超灵，个体，自然之间冲突的讨论 is regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism 自然被认为是新英格兰先验主义的圣经 Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔霍桑Interior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity 在每个人的内心，都有个魔鬼，它可能会在整个生命过程中一直潜伏，但环境也许会唤醒它使之活动 红字 小伙子布朗） Walt Whitman 沃尔特惠特曼 Openness, freedom, individualism开放，自由，个人主义 I - me, my nation (society), Free verse自由诗, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing) 我-我，我的国家（社会），自由诗，信封构造，目录（清单）A new ideal, a new world, a new life-style 新的思想，新的世界，新的生活方式 how a child is greatly influenced by his growing environments 有一个孩子向前走去描述了一个孩子如何被他的成长环境深深影响 a scene of the American Civil War, all the movements described in this picture are frozen. 骑兵渡浅滩一副美国内战的场景，画面里所有描绘的运动都显得冷酷自我之歌 Whitman is a man bubbling with energy and laden with ideas, spontaneous expression of his original ideas 自我之歌里看出，惠特曼是一个充满能量和理想的人，在这里自然地流露出他最初的梦想 Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne the first American prose epic, Ishmael both as a character and a narrator, the captain, Ahab is a monomaniac赫尔曼梅尔维尔-一个寓言和象征主义的大师，像第一部散文史诗大白鲸作者霍桑，以实玛利即是一个描述人物，也是一个讲述着，队长亚哈，是一个偏执狂Realistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, peoples attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence 现实主义时期-镀金时代，穷人更穷，富人更富，人们把注意力贯注在每天存在的惹人感兴趣的特征上 Local colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyond mans control 乡土色彩，社会达尔文主义，兽性，都在人类的控制之外 Mark Twain - the true father of American literature 马克吐温-美国真正的文学之父 Local colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, the damned human race The Gilded Age 当地乡土主义色彩，方言，白话小说，“该死的人类” 镀金时代 3 boyhood books , , 少年时代的三个作品密西西比河上的生活，汤姆索亚历险记，哈克贝利费恩历险记 Hucks inner conflict about whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is. 哈克贝利费恩历险记哈克的内心矛盾是他是否应该写封信告诉沃森小姐吉姆在哪里 Henry James - international theme, psychological realist， Stream of consciousness, interior monologue, free association 亨利詹姆斯-国际主题，心理上的现实主义者，意识流，内心独白，自由联想 the narrator is an American expatriate, named Winterbourne. Daisy is the most innocent girl. The clash is between two different cultures. 黛西米勒的叙述者是一个美国放逐者，名字叫Winterbourne。黛西米勒是个无辜的女孩，讲述的是两种不同文化的冲突Emily Dikinson艾米莉 狄金森Based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys 基于他自身的经验，他的悲痛和喜悦 express Dickinsons anxiety about her communication with the outside world. 这是我写个世界人民的信表达了狄金森对与外部世界交流的渴望 description of a moment of death 我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声-当我死时死亡瞬间的描述 Dickinson makes the train part of nature by animalizing it, like a horse. 我喜欢看它蜿蜒几英里通过对列车的动物话，狄金森使列车具有了自然生命的部分属性，就像马一样 personify death and immortality so as to make her message strongly felt 因为我不能够停下等死令死亡和不朽人格化，使得他的信息得以强烈传达 Theodore Dreiser - Americas literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire - , , who shall cast the first stone? 西奥多德莱塞-美国文学界的自然主义者，他个人历史论断包括万物决定论（生物和环境遗传），适者生存，弱肉强食原则。心愿三部曲融资者，巨人，斯多葛，嘉莉妹妹“谁可以拿起第一块石头” The modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorder 现代文学时期-美国第二次文艺复兴，流亡运动，迷惘的一代，从有序到无序的转变 Seize the day, enjoy the present, spiritual wasteland, collective unconscious, psychoanalysis 抓住日子，享受今天，精神荒原，集体无意识，心理分析 Imagist movement, Jazz Age 意象派运动，爵士时代 Ezra Pound - a leading spokesman of the Imagist Movement 埃兹拉庞德-意象派运动最主要的发言人 诗章 Pound attempts to produce the emotion he felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light. To capture the emotions, Pound uses the image of petals on wet, black boughs. 在地铁站内庞德试图去重现他走进一个巴黎地铁站，突然在昏暗的灯光下看到许多面孔的情感，为了抓住这种情感，庞德使用了湿花瓣，黑树枝图像 河商人的妻子：信 agreement with Whitmans free verse 公约对惠特曼自由诗文的赞同 Robert Lee Frost - four times awarded Pulitzer Prize, pastoral life and scene 罗伯特弗罗斯特-四次获得普利策奖，田园生活和视景 摘苹果之后 未选择的路 雪夜林畔小驻 Eugene ONeill - founder of the American drama, won the Pulitzer Prize four times 尤金奥尼尔-美国戏剧的创立者，四次获得普利策奖 毛猿 F. Scott Fitzge