【巅峰设计】译林版高中英语必修1 ：Unit3《looking goodfeelinggood》教学课件（1）grammar3.ppt

unit3 non restrictiveattributiveclauses非限制性定语从句 grammarandusage 1 定语从句 attributiveclauses 通常由关系代词或关系副词引出 常见的关系代词有 which 指物 that 既可指人又可指物 who 指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 whom 指人 在定语从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物 作定语 等 关系副词有 when 指时间 where 指地点 why 指原因 等 2 定语从句分为限制性定语从句 restrictive 和非限制性定语从句 non restrictive 两种 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词 与先行词之间一般不加逗号 非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开 1 mymother whoyoumetlastyear keepstellingmenottotakethembecausetheyaredangerous 2 i mtakingweight losspillscalledfat less whicharequitepopularamongyoungwomenhere non restrictiveattributiveclauses 3 mymotherinsistedonsendingmetothehospital whereireceivedgoodmedicaltreatment 4 it sthesameinchina manypeople someofwhomarenotoverweightatall arealwaysgoingondietortakingweight losspills whichareoftendangerous differencesbetweentherestrictiveandnon restrictiveattributiveclauses discussion lookatthefollowingexamplesandtellthedifferencesbetweenthesentences 1 hisfather whoworksinbeijing camebackyesterday 2 shanghai whichisineastchina isdevelopingrapidly example1 conclusion1 当先行词是地名 人名 世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时 通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰 1 ihaveasisterwho thatworksinahospital 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐 2 ihaveasister whoworksinahospital 我有一位姐姐 她在医院工作 example2 不只一位姐姐 只有一位姐姐 3 themagazinesherewhich thathavenicepicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的 4 themagazineshere whichhavenicepicturesinthem werewrittenbyhim 所有的杂志都是他写的 里面都有漂亮的图画 杂志有两类 杂志只有一类 conclusion2 1 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切 是先行词不可缺少的部分 如果去掉它 主句意思往往不明确 2 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明 去掉它也不会影响主句的意思 thisisthehouse which that weboughtlastmonth 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子 2 thehouse whichweboughtlastmonth isverynice 这房子很漂亮 是我们上个月买的 example3 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 3 heseemsnottohavegraspedwhatimeant whichgreatlyupsetsme 他似乎没领会我的意思 这使我心烦 非限制性定语从句 conclusion3 1 限制性定语从句可以由关系代词 关系副词来引导 关系代词作宾语时可以省略 2 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词 又可修饰整个主句 不可用that引导且关系代词不可以省略 1 thefamousbasketballstar comesfromamerica willvisitourschoolsoon 2 inthosedays sheusedtogotomrblack with shehadawonderfultime 3 iboughtacaryesterday costmealot which whom who practice 4 xi an ivisitedlastyear isaniceoldcity 5 hewillcometoseemenextjuly hewon tbesobusy 6 theschool ioncestudied wasbuiltthirtyyearsago which where when 7 johnsaidhe dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour wastrue 8 weallknow heisgoodatenglish as which 非限制性定语从句考点归纳 as和which引导非限制性定语从句 代替整个主句 1 aseveryoneknows chinaisacountrywithalonghistory 众所周知 中国是一个历史悠久的国家 example 2 sheisateacher asisclearfromhermanner 她是个教师 这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出 3 hemissedtheshow whichwasreallyagreatpity 他错过了演出 这真是很大的遗憾 conclusion 1 as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时 as和which可代替整个主句 相当于andthis或andthat 这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语 2 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于 1 as引导的定语从句可置于句首 而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首 2 as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若从句中的谓语为行为动词 则从句中的关系代词只能用which 另外 as引导非限制性从句 常带有 正如 的意思 practice alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss cameasasurprise 2 theweatherturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect 3 isexpected theenglandteamwonthefootballmatch as which which 4 itrainedhardyesterday preventedmefromgoingtothepark 5 wecansee thesmokecamefromthelittledustbin which as ii all some of whom which引导非限制性定语从句 example hehastoldusmanystories allofwhichareaboutthefamouslongmatch 2 thestudentsofclass1 someofwhomcamefromjapan wentcampingyesterday conclusion 在非限制性定语从句中 一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如all some one both neither none any either any等可与of构成介词词组修饰限制先行词 此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语 关系代词不可用that 如先行词指人则用whom 如先行词指物则用which引导从句 1 manystudentsinthisschool someofwhicharenotoverweight aregoingondiets 2 thereare54studentsinmyclassandtenofwhomcomefromus whom correction them 3 halfamillionpairsofshoesareproducedbytheworkershereeveryyear 80 ofwhomaresoldabroad 4 ihavemanyfriendsinthistown someofwhicharebusinessman 5 iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises allofthemarequitehelpfultomyhealth which which或all前加and whom 高考链接 wheneverimether wasfairlyoften shegreetmewithasweetsmile 2009山东 a whob whichc whend that 解析 分析句子可知空格处在句中作主语 由句意可知其指代前面句子的内容 故选b that不能引导非限制性定语从句 2 i llgiveyoumyfriend shomeaddress icanreachedmostevenings 2008北京 whichb whenc whomd where 解析 由于先行词是homeaddress 表示地点 故定语从句中的关系词为where 在定语从句中作状语 thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors arebeyondourcontrol 2008湖南 mostofthemb mostofwhichc mostofwhatd mostofthat 解析 句意 植物生长速度受诸多因素影响 绝大多数是我们控制不了的 which引导非限制性定语从句 且作介词of的宾语 4 themanpulledoutagoldwatch weremadeofsmalldiamonds 2008陕西 thehandsofwhomb whomthehandsofc whichthehandsofd thehandsofwhich 解析 watch是物 故定语从句的引导词不可用whom 排除a b 由句意可知 空格处可填入whosehands或thehandsofwhich表示所属关系 5 thesciencemuseum wevisitedduringarecenttriptobritain isoneoflondon stouristattractions whichb whatc thatd where 解析 which引导非限制性定语从句 指代先行词thesciencemuseum 同时又在从句中作visited的宾语 helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers ofcourse madetheothersenvyhim a whob thatc whatd which practicetime 2 theenglishplay mystudentsactedatthenewyear sparty wasagreatsuccess a forwhichb atwhichc inwhichd onwhich 3 thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers shehadwipedherhands a whereb whichc whend that4 greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago itwassopoorlyequipped a whenb whichc whatd that 5 thebritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings isoftenthecaseinothercountries a itb thatc asd so questiontags 1 whatarequestiontags questiontagsareshortquestionsthatcomeattheendofstatements discussion 2 whatarequestiontagsusedfor questiontagsareusedforagreementorconfirmation 3 lookatthefollowingexamplesandtellinwhatdifferentsituationsthequestiontagsareused example1 it salovelyday isn tit situation1 tostartaconversationinspokenenglishexample2 neitherofyouhasheardthenews haveyou situation2 toaskforinformationinapoliteway example3 passtheknifeonthetabletome willyou situation3 toasksomeonepolitelytodosomething situation4 1 toaskforagreement usingafallingtone thespeakerissureaboutwhatissaid 2 toaskforconfirmation usingarisingtone thespeakerisnotsureaboutwhatissaid example4 1 you reahighschoolstudent aren tyou 2 you reahighschoolstudent aren tyou 1 lookinggoodisimportanttowomen isn tit iwaslucky wasn ti weshouldn tbeashamedofthewaywelook shouldwe examples allthequestiontagsaboveareusedtoaskforagreementbythewriterandtheyshouldbereadinafallingtone conclusion rules 陈述部分带有seldom hardly never neither none nobody nothing few little等否定词时 疑问部分应用肯定 如果陈述部分的否定词仅带否定前缀或后缀 那么 陈述部分做肯定句处理 疑问部分仍用否定形式 e g hewasunsuccessful 当陈述部分是以there开头时 疑问部分主语也用there e g thereisnohelpforit thereissomethingwrong wasn the isthere isn tthere 如果陈述部分是iam的结构 疑问部分用aren ti e g iamlate 如果陈述部分是一个带有that分句作宾语的主从结构时 疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系 aren ti e g shesaysthatididit 注意 当陈述部分的主句是isuppose ithink ibelieve等结构时 疑问部分则往往与that分句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系 但要注意否定的转移 e g isupposedthatheisserious idon tthinkthatsheworkshard doesn tshe isn the doesshe 陈述部分含有oughtto时 疑问部分可以用ought形式 也可用should形式 e g thechildoughttobepunished weoughttogothere 陈述部分有usedto时 疑问部分可用used形式 也可用did形式 e g heusedtosmokefivecigarettesaday oughtn the shouldn twe didn t usedn the 陈述部分有hadbetter wouldrather wouldlike时 疑问部分要注意区别简略形式 e g you dbettergonow you drathergothereearly he dliketogo hadn tyou wouldn the wouldn tyou 陈述句中must后动词的类属与时态不同 反意疑问句也不同 1 must表 必须 必要 时 疑问部分用mustn t或needn t e g youmustworkhardnextterm youmustgohomerightnow mustn tyou needn tyou 2 mustn t表 禁止 疑问部分用must e g youmustn twalkongrass 3 must表推测时 疑问部分不用must 而要把陈述部分改写 如 e g hemustbeverytired i msureheisverytired mustyou isn the hemusthavewaitedforalongtime i msurehehaswaitedforalongtime youmusthaveseentheplaylastweek i msureyousawtheplaylastweek hasn the didn tyou 陈述部分中有have时1 have意为 有 时 可以有两种形式 e g hedoesn thaveanysisters hehasn tanysisters youhavearolls royce hashe doeshe haven t don tyou 2 have意为 吃 经历 遭受 得到 等其它含义时 疑问部分只用do的适当形式 e g youallhadagoodtime heoftenhascolds 3 当含有haveto hadto时 疑问部分用do的适当形式 e g theyhadtotaketheearlytrain didn tyou doesn the didn tthey 当陈述部分主语为this that everything anything something nothing等时 反意疑问句的主语用it e g everythingisallright nothingcanstopusnow isn tit canit 当陈述部分中主语为anybody anyone everybody everyone somebody someone nobody noone those these反意疑问句中主语用they e g everyoneknowstheanswer don tthey 在祈使句中1 肯定与否定的祈使句中 疑问部分都用willyoue g don tmovethechair 2 以let s开头的祈使句 疑问句部分用shallwe3 以letus开头的祈使句 疑问