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英文文献及中文翻译ASP.NET OverviewASP.NET is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of coding.ASP.NET is part of the .NET Framework, and when coding ASP.NET applications you have access to classes in the .NET Framework.You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime (CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic and C#. These languages enable you to develop ASP.NET applications that benefit from the common language runtime, type safety, inheritance, and so on.If you want to try ASP.NET, you can install Visual Web Developer Express using the Microsoft Web Platform Installer, which is a free tool that makes it simple to download, install, and service components of the Microsoft Web Platform.These components include Visual Web Developer Express, Internet Information Services (IIS), SQL Server Express, and the .NET Framework. All of these are tools that you use to create ASP.NET Web applications. You can also use the Microsoft Web Platform Installer to install open-source ASP.NET and PHP Web applications.Visual Web DeveloperVisual Web Developer is a full-featured development environment for creating ASP.NET Web applications. Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting site. Using the development tools in Visual Web Developer, you can develop ASP.NET Web pages on your own computer. Visual Web Developer includes a local Web server that provides all the features you need to test and debug ASP.NET Web pages, without requiring Internet Information Services (IIS) to be installed.Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting site. Using the development tools in Visual Web Developer, you can develop ASP.NET Web pages on your own computer. Visual Web Developer includes a local Web server that provides all the features you need to test and debug ASP.NET Web pages, without requiring Internet Information Services (IIS) to be installed.When your site is ready, you can publish it to the host computer using the built-in Copy Web tool, which transfers your files when you are ready to share them with others. Alternatively, you can precompile and deploy a Web site by using the Build Web Site command. The Build Web Site command runs the compiler over the entire Web site (not just the code files) and produces a Web site layout that you can deploy to a production server.Finally, you can take advantage of the built-in support for File Transfer Protocol (FTP).Using the FTP capabilities of Visual Web Developer, you can connect directly to the host computer and then create and edit files on the server.ASP.NET Web Sites and ASP.NET Web Application ProjectsUsing Visual Studio tools, you can create different types of ASP.NET projects, which includes Web sites, Web applications, Web services, and AJAX server controls. There is a difference between Web site projects and Web application projects. Some features work only with Web application projects, such as MVC and certain tools for automating Web deployment. Other features, such as Dynamic Data, work with both Web sites and Web application projects.Page and Controls FrameworkThe ASP.NET page and controls framework is a programming framework that runs on a Web server to dynamically produce and render ASP.NET Web pages. ASP.NET Web pages can be requested from any browser or client device, and ASP.NET renders markup (such as HTML) to the requesting browser. As a rule, you can use the same page for multiple browsers, because ASP.NET renders the appropriate markup for the browser making the request. However, you can design your ASP.NET Web page to target a specific browser and take advantage of the features of that browser.ASP.NET Web pages are completely object-oriented. Within ASP.NET Web pages you can work with HTML elements using properties, methods, and events. The ASP.NET page framework removes the implementation details of the separation of client and server inherent in Web-based applications by presenting a unified model for responding to client events in code that runs at the server. The framework also automatically maintains the state of a page and the controls on that page during the page processing life cycle.The ASP.NET page and controls framework also enables you to encapsulate common UI functionality in easy-to-use, reusable controls. Controls are written once, can be used in many pages, and are integrated into the ASP.NET Web page that they are placed in during rendering.The ASP.NET page and controls framework also provides features to control the overall look and feel of your Web site via themes and skins. You can define themes and skins and then apply them at a page level or at a control level.In addition to themes, you can define master pages that you use to create a consistent layout for the pages in your application. A single master page defines the layout and standard behavior that you want for all the pages (or a group of pages) in your application. You can then create individual content pages that contain the page-specific content you want to display. When users request the content pages, they merge with the master page to produce output that combines the layout of the master page with the content from the content page. The ASP.NET page framework also enables you to define the pattern for URLs that will be used in your site. This helps with search engine optimization (SEO) and makes URLs more user-friendly. The ASP.NET page and control framework is designed to generate HTML that conforms to accessibility guidelines.ASP.NET CompilerAll ASP.NET code is compiled, which enables strong typing, performance optimizations, and early binding, among other benefits. Once the code has been compiled, the common language runtime further compiles ASP.NET code to native code, providing improved performance.ASP.NET includes a compiler that will compile all your application components including pages and controls into an assembly that the ASP.NET hosting environment can then use to service user requests.Security InfrastructureIn addition to the security features of .NET, ASP.NET provides an advanced security infrastructure for authenticating and authorizing user access as well as performing other security-related tasks. You can authenticate users using Windows authentication supplied by IIS, or you can manage authentication using your own user database using ASP.NET forms authentication and ASP.NET membership. Additionally, you can manage the authorization to the capabilities and information of your Web application using Windows groups or your own custom role database using ASP.NET roles. You can easily remove, add to, or replace these schemes depending upon the needs of your application.ASP.NET always runs with a particular Windows identity so you can secure your application using Windows capabilities such as NTFS Access Control Lists (ACLs), database permissions, and so on.State-Management FacilitiesASP.NET provides intrinsic state management functionality that enables you to store information between page requests, such as customer information or the contents of a shopping cart. You can save and manage application-specific, session-specific, page-specific, user-specific, and developer-defined information. This information can be independent of any controls on the page.ASP.NET offers distributed state facilities, which enable you to manage state information across multiple instances of the same application on one computer or on several computers.ASP.NET 概述ASP.NET 是一个统一的 Web 开发模型，它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生成企业级 Web 应用程序所必需的各种服务。ASP.NET 作为 .NET Framework 的一部分提供。当您编写 ASP.NET 应用程序的代码时，可以访问 .NET Framework 中的类。可使用与公共语言运行时 (CLR) 兼容的任何语言（包括 Microsoft Visual Basic 和 C#）编写应用程序的代码。使用这些语言，可以开发利用公共语言运行时、类型安全、继承等方面的优点的 ASP.NET 应用程序。若要尝试 ASP.NET，可以使用 Microsoft Web 平台安装程序安装 Visual Web Developer 速成版，Microsoft Web 平台安装程序是一款免费的工具，使用它可以方便地下载、安装和维护 Microsoft Web 平台的组件。这些组件包括 Visual Web Developer 学习版、Internet Information Services (IIS)、SQL Server Express 和 .NET Framework。所有这些组件都是用于创建 ASP.NET Web 应用程序的工具。此外，还可以使用 Microsoft Web 平台安装程序安装开放源代码的 ASP.NET 和 PHP Web 应用程序。Visual Web DeveloperVisual Web Developer 是一个功能齐备的开发环境，可用于创建 ASP.NET Web 应用程序。Visual Web Developer 提供了一种生成网站并将其发布到承载站点的理想环境。使用 Visual Web Developer 中的开发工具，可以在自己的计算机上开发 ASP.NET 网页。Visual Web Developer 包括一个本地 Web 服务器，无需安装 Internet 信息服务 (IIS)，该服务器即可提供测试和调试 ASP.NET 网页所需的全部功能。Visual Web Developer 提供了一种生成网站并将其发布到承载站点的理想环境。使用 Visual Web Developer 中的开发工具，可以在自己的计算机上开发 ASP.NET 网页。Visual Web Developer 包括一个本地 Web 服务器，无需安装 Internet 信息服务 (IIS)，该服务器即可提供测试和调试 ASP.NET 网页所需的全部功能。站点准备就绪后，可以使用内置的 Copy Web 工具将其发布到主机上。准备好与他人共享文件后，就可以使用该工具传输这些文件。或者，您可以使用“生成网站”命令对网站进行预编译和部署。“生成网站”命令对整个网站运行编译器（而不仅仅对代码文件），并生成可部署到生产服务器的网站布局。最后，可以利用对文件传输协议 (FTP) 的内置支持。使用 Visual Web Developer 的 FTP 功能，可以直接连接到主机，然后在该服务器上创建和编辑文件。ASP.NET 网站和 ASP.NET Web 应用程序项目通过使用 Visual Studio 工具，您可以创建不同类型的 ASP.NET 项目，包括网站、Web 应用程序、Web 服务和 AJAX 服务器控件。网站项目和 Web 应用程序项目之间存在着差异。一些功能仅适用于 Web 应用程序项目，例如 MVC 和用于自动进行 Web 部署的某些工具。其他功能（如动态数据）同时适用于网站项目和 Web 应用程序项目。页和控件框架ASP.NET 页和控件框架是一种编程框架，它在 Web 服务器上运行，可以动态地生成和呈现 ASP.NET 网页。可以从任何浏览器或客户端设备请求 ASP.NET 网页，ASP.NET 会向请求浏览器呈现标记（例如 HTML）。通常，您可以对多个浏览器使用相同的页，因为 ASP.NET 会为发出请求的浏览器呈现适当的标记。但是，您可以针对特定浏览器设计您的 ASP.NET 网页，并利用该浏览器的功能。ASP.NET 网页是完全面向对象的。在 ASP.NET 网页中，可以使用属性、方法和事件来处理 HTML 元素。ASP.NET 页框架为响应在服务器上运行的代码中的客户端事件提供统一的模型，从而使您不必考虑基于 Web 的应用程序中固有的客户端和服务器隔离的实现细节。该框架还会在页处理生命周期中自动维护页及该页上控件的状态。使用 ASP.NET 页和控件框架还可以将常用的 UI 功能封装