段落翻译【沪江】.doc

一人类文明的演变现代人类约公元前50000年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。这些石器时代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿着毛皮。公元前4000年左右，这些人开始种植水稻，并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前3000年，他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中国人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age)，并开始用于写字。约公元前700年，中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。汉译英：Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.二中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。汉译英:China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.三许多刚毕业的大学生找不到工作，在校学生则担心他们的未来。多个调查显示，三分之二的中国毕业生想在政府或者国有企业工作，而不是为中国令人瞩目的经济增长提供动力的民营企业。政府和国有企业被认为能免受经济萧条的影响。如今几乎没有大学生愿意放弃政府的铁饭碗而下海、加入初创企业或自己创业。汉译英:Many recent college graduates cant find a job and students are fearful about their future. Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or state-owned firms，which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered Chinas remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate. Few college stu?dents today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business.面试巧回答:你上份工作薪水多少?Its the question we alldread.这是一个我们所有人都不敢直视的问题。Sometimes it comes up in the first interview, and sometimes hiring managers hold it until the very end. But it always comes. What were you earning at your last job?有时一面的时候就会被提出来，有时招聘主管会在终面的时候才提出来“你上一份工作的薪水是多少？”For job seekers, this question should keep you up at night, since it has the potential to negatively affect your income for your entire career.对求职者而言，这个问题会让你夜不能寐，因为它足以对你整个职业生涯的收入带来消极影响。That means if you accepted too little or didntnegotiateearly on, one bad salary move follows you to each next job.也就是说，如果你的目标薪酬过低或没有早早和公司协商好，一份低收入会随着你影响下一份工作的收入。How are you ever going to increase your earnings if every time you change jobs, you get a tiny raise over what they paid you at the last place? writes Liz Ryan, founder of one consulting firm.某咨询公司创始人瑞恩女士写道：“如果每次你换工作都只是在上一份工作的基础上涨那么一点儿，你怎么提高收入呢？”“Weve gotten used to the idea that the question What were you earning before? from a prospective employer is perfectly reasonable. Its not, of course. Your personal finances are your business.”“我们都觉得面试官问你以前挣多少？太正常了，也习惯于去回答这个问题。但这个问题当然不是非答不可的。你的个人财务状况关他们什么事。”So how do you avoid the fateful question without hurting your chances of landing the job?所以你怎样才能既确保得到这份工作又完美地回答这个关于薪水的问题呢？Ryan advises answering it indirectly by giving your target salary range instead.瑞恩建议可以给出一个目标收入区间，避免直接回答。If the interviewer asks for your previous salary a second time, Ryan says you can simply respond that youd prefer not to give it.如果面试官追问你之前的薪水，瑞恩认为你可以直接说“不”。It will likely be uncomfortable the first few times you do it, but remember that most services are not valued by what another customer previously paid for them.可能你一开始会不习惯这么做，但是请记住绝大部分的服务都不是靠之前的某位顾客定价的。As Ryan writes, When we call theplumberbecause our tub drain is clogged, we dont ask, What did you charge the guy down the block to unclog his drain last week? If we do, the plumber is going to say, My rate is $95 an hour. Do you want me to come over or not?瑞恩写道：“我们下水道堵了会叫水管工，但我们从来不会问上个礼拜你给我们小区的某某通下水道收多少钱？。如果我们真的问了，这个水管工只会这样回答,我收费95美元一小时，到底要不要我来？”Setting and sticking to a reasonable rate for your services will actually make you a more appealing job candidate, and in the long run, youll make more money.对你所能承担的工作定一个合理的价格并坚持，这会让你更吸引公司的注意。长远来看，你也会挣得更多。30秒让面试官记住:8招成功推销自己Whether youre at a job interview, networking at acocktailparty, or run into Warren Buffet in the elevator, quickly persuading others to think youre the most interesting person theyll meet is no easy task. There are eight steps to crafting the perfectelevatorpitch:无论你是在面试、在鸡尾酒会上聊天，还是在电梯里偶遇沃伦巴菲特，迅速让别人认为你是他们见过的最有趣的人并非易事。有八个步骤可以准备完美的电梯自我推销：1. Know exactly where you want to go.1.知道自己想要什么Your elevator pitch should answer three questions: Who are you? What do you do? Where do you want to go, or what are you looking for? You need to know exactly what you want to achieve or no one can help you get there.你的电梯推销要回答三个问题：你是谁？你是做什么的？你对未来有什么计划，或者你希望得到什么？你要确切知道自己想获得什么，否则没有人可以帮你。2. Bullet point it.2. 简单写出重点Write down four bullet points that explain why youre great. Discuss your work history, background, skills, accomplishments, and goals. Keep out any irrelevant details that take away from your core message.写下能证明你很优秀的四个要点。梳理你的工作经历、背景、技能、成就和目标。把与核心信息无关的细节都剔除掉。3. Tell them a story.3. 讲故事People love stories, so tell them a story. It also makes it easier for others to remember you later on.Our minds are essentially associate machines, which means we remember things better when theres a story or association attached to the subject. In other words, if you want people to remember you, tell them a story and make sure its good.人们喜欢听故事，所以就告诉他们故事吧。这也让别人更容易记住你。我们的大脑本质上是“联想机器”，这意味着当一件事能让人想起故事或产生联想时，它更会被牢记。换句话说，如果你希望人们记住你，就告诉他们故事，并确保是个好故事。4. Eliminatejargon.4. 避免行业术语You need to be able to explain what you do and who you are in a way that appeals to most people. This means avoidingacronymsorterminologythat wouldnt be understood by someone outside of your industry.你要能用有吸引力的方式解释你做了什么以及你是谁。这意味着避免用圈外人不理解的缩写词或术语。5. Make sure it invites conversation.5. 确保有后续进展After telling your story, the listener needs to be left wanting more. Is your story compelling enough to do this? If not, you need to change your pitch.你说完故事后，需要让听众觉得意犹未尽并想了解更多。你的故事能达到这个效果吗？如果不能，就需要调整故事了。6. Time yourself.6. 控制时间While practicing your pitch, you should time yourself to make sure you can tell your story in 30 seconds. If you cant, cut down details and try again.当你练习时，你应该确保可以把故事控制在30秒内。如果不能，就减少细节再试一次。7. Record yourself on video.7. 自己录视频You need to know what you look like to others while youre telling your story. Are you interesting? Are you believable? People will come to their own conclusions while listening to you so make sure you give off a good impression. Relax, act natural, and get comfortable with your story.你需要知道别当你说故事时的言行举止是什么样。你很有趣吗？可以令人相信吗？当听你说话时，人们会自己下结论，所以一定要给别人留下好印象。放松、表现自然并熟悉你的故事。8. Pitch it to your friends and colleagues.8. 在朋友和同事前练习After youve got your story down, practice your elevator pitch with friends and colleagues. Ask them to give you feedback. Ask them what you should do to make it better. Keep practicing until its natural for you to say aloud andconvincingto the listener.你打磨完故事后，与朋友和同事演练电梯里的自我推销吧。请他们给你反馈。问他们你应该做些什么能更有进步。坚持练习，直到你可以很自然的大声表达并说服听众。面试中如何回答“你的缺点是什么” The onedreadedquestion that isguaranteedto come up in every interview is What is your greatest weakness? Perhaps its the interviewers way ofweedingout candidates to see who is truly prepared to answer this uncomfortable question. Regardless, you can remove some of theawkwardnessby prepping for the question and following these rules.每次面试中肯定会出现的可怕问题是“你最大的缺点是什么？”也许这是面试官淘汰应聘者的方式，他们想看看谁真正为这个不友善的问题做了准备。无论如何，你可以通过准备答案和遵循下面的方法免去部分尴尬。1. Dont give a cop-out answer1. 不要回避问题Please dont give tired answers like, My greatest weakness is that Im too much of aperfectionist/workaholic. Perhaps it is true for you, but unfortunately, it may bring false to the interviewer who is used to hearing thesegenericanswers that come off as a way tododgethe question.请不要给千篇一律的回答，比如：“我最大的缺点是过于追求完美/工作太拼命。”也许这是真实回答，但不幸的是，它会给面试官错误信息，他们习惯了听这些通用回答，会以为你想回避这个问题。2. Be honest2. 要诚实Dig deep into yourself and figure out what your true weaknesses are at work. Write them down on a sheet of paper, and figure out which ones you can use in an interview. If you state a weakness youve struggled with, your answer will sound more honest. Some things that will help you come up with true weaknesses is to look at some of the challenges you have faced in your previous jobs or think aboutconstructivecriticism youve received from a manager.深入挖掘自己，找到真正的缺点。把它们写在纸上，看看哪些可以在面试的时候说。如果你说的是让你烦扰的缺点，听上去会更诚实。帮助你想到真正缺点的事是看你在以前工作中遇到的困难或想想经理对你的有用批评。3. Avoid deal breakers3. 不要说会影响面试的缺点Although we mention that you should be honest, its also good to remember that there is such a thing as being too honest. You need to avoid weaknesses that will hurt your chances of getting the job. For example, say if youre applying for an HR position and you say that youre not good with people, or if youre trying for a sales job and you say you are bad at negotiating. This doesnt mean that you have to make up a weakness, but its just preferable for you to pick another weakness that isnt a deal breaker.虽然我们刚才提到你应该诚实，但也要记住别太诚实。你要避开那些会影响你得到工作的缺点。例如，申请人力资源的职位却说不善于与人相处，或者想做销售却说不擅协商。不是让你一定要编缺点，但是挑个不会影响面试的缺点会好一些。4. Talk about your attempts to overcome your weakness4. 要谈到你为克服缺点做的努力Always talk about the steps you have taken to overcome your weakness. This is your chance to show the interviewer that although you have your flaws, you areproactiveandresourcefulenough to overcome them. In a way, your effort toconqueryour weaknesses will be looked at as a strength.要说你为克服缺点做的事。这是你向面试官证明的机会，让他们知道虽然你有缺点，但你会主动克服缺点，也有办法克服它们。在某种程度上，你为克服缺点做的努力会被视作优点。最简单的职场情商课：不做办公室讨厌鬼Like most people, I suppose, I try to avoid seeming like a jerk.我想，和大多数人一样，我试着让自己不要看上去像个混蛋。Here are some strategies I try to use:下面是一些我会用到的方法：1. Offer meaningfulcompliments.1.说一些有意义的赞美。Emphasis on the meaningful. I try to say things like, “You have a good memory” or “You obviously know a lot about this subject.” Empty, automatic compliments like “Great tie!” dontcount.重点在有意义上。我试着说一些这样的话：“你记性真好”或者“你显然对这个问题非常了解。”空洞且不假思索的赞美，譬如“这条领带不错”，完全没任何意义。2. Give credit to others.2.归功于他人。“The team did all the work,” “Pat came up with this idea.” Being generous with giving credit does not minimize your contribution.“是大家完成了所有工作，”“Pat想出了这个主意。”大方地将功劳归功于别人并不会减少你的贡献。3. Ask questions and allow others to supply information.3.提问并让他人回答。Ive seen good leaders ask questions to which they knew the answers, merely to allow others the chance to demonstrate what they know. This is a challenge for me. I find it hard to ask for help, to say, “I dont know,” or keep quiet while others respond.我见到过一些好的领导者会问一些已经知道答案的问题，仅仅是为了让其他人有机会说话。这对我是一个挑战。找别人帮忙，回答“我不懂”，或者在别人作答时保持安静对我来说都挺难的。4. Admit error!4.承认错误！Its so hard to say “You were right, I was wrong” or “This was my fault,” but so important. Also, its a key to leadership. As my father once told me, “If youll take responsibility for failure, youll be given responsibility for decisions.”说“你是对的，我是错的”或者“这是我的错”非常难，但却非常重要。而且，承认错误也是领导力的关键。我爸爸有次对我说，“如果你能对失败负责，那么你将能被委以重任。“5. Remember other peoples names and some details of their lives.5.记住他人的名字及一些生活细节。How many times have you heard people complain that “So-and-so has met me five times, but never remembers me”? It hurts peoples feelings.有多少次你听到别人抱怨道“某某人都见了我5次了，还记不住我的名字”。这都是在伤害别人的感情。6. Call on others for their specific contributions.6.邀请他人提供看法。“Pat is our expert on that,” “Lee, what do you think?”“Pat是这方面的专家，”“Lee，你怎么看？”7. Teasing.7.逗人开心。One way of showing fellow feeling is teasing people gently. People liked to bejoshed, but not about anything sensitive.有一种与人打成一片的方式就是礼貌地和别人开玩笑。人们喜欢开玩笑，只要不是敏感的话题。8. Remember your limits.8.记住你不是万能的。Youre just one person. Youre notinfallible. It actually is possible that youre wrong.你只是一个普通人。你不可能永远正确。有些时候很有可能错的就是你。9. Dont be a bore.9.不要做一个无趣的人。Dont assume that others are as interested in theminutiaeof your life as you are.不要假设别人和你一样，对你生活的琐事感兴趣。10.Becourteousto others, no matter who they are.10.不管对方是谁，都要礼貌相待。William Lyon Phelps wrote, “The final test of a gentleman is his respect for those who can be of no possible service to him.” Its important to be nice to everyone.威廉-利昂-菲尔普斯（美国教育家，文学评论家和演说家，耶鲁大学教授与学者）曾经写道：这是对君子的一项决定性的实验：他是否尊重对自己可能毫无用处的人。对每个人都要友好，这一点很重要。七个方法调整假日宿醉后的上班形象Maybe you let the New Year festivities run on too long, or maybe your New Years Eve was so big, youre still feeling it on the second day of the new year.也许你的新年假期太长了，也许你的新年假期太HIGH了，你总感觉还在新年的第二天。Heres how not to let it affect your fresh start at work:以下几种方法可以让你在节后上班神清气爽。1. Dont call in sick1. 节后第一天别请假Unless youreprojectilevomiting every hour, the first day back at work is the worst day to call in sick. It will mark you out as a party-hardslacker, and nobody will believe your food poisoning excuse. So get out of bed and drag yourself into work.除非你真的是每小时都在吐，否则节后第一天上班千万别请假，这会让人觉得你是个懒家伙，而且没人会相信你食物中毒的请假理由！所以还是从床上爬起来乖乖去上班吧！2. Pile on the make-up2. 上点儿妆This goes for men tootake on any skin products you can find. Sunglasses inside will just lookbizarrebut atastefulabout of blusher (mendont try this hungover for the first time. Get someone to help you) can hide theravagesof the night before.这个对男性也适用尽可能找点儿护肤品，在室内戴太阳镜会很奇怪，但巧妙使用化妆刷能有效遮住前一晚狂欢后的疲态（不过男性们第一次用化妆刷别自己上阵，找个人帮帮你吧）。3. Drink water3. 喝点儿水Go to the shop, buy a bottle of water and do not leave until youve finished the bottle and bought a new one. Alcoholdehydratesyour body so water is the best way to help you feel better.去商店里买瓶水，而且不要等到水喝完了才想到去买新的。酒喝多了会让身体缺水，所以喝水能让你感觉好点儿。4. Eat right4. 吃对食物Thishangovercure will make a big difference as will a thin vegetablebroth, which should help your body stock up on vitamins andminerals.吃点儿上汤时蔬是治疗宿醉的一个好方法，它能帮身体储藏维他命和矿物质。5. Sugar stops the shakes5. 糖能防止发抖If youre hangovers extreme then youll need to wait a while before eating anything sweet. But once your stomach is a bit calmer, sugary foods can help you feel lesstrembly. Chocolate is an obvious choice, or just put some extra sugar in your coffee.如果你宿醉太厉害，那么你要等一会儿才能吃甜食。但当你的胃不那么难受时，甜的食物会让你感觉不那么颤抖。巧克力是个很常见的选择，或者可以在你的咖啡里多加点儿糖。6. Wear layers6. 多穿点儿衣服Your body temperature might change throughout the day, so bring plenty of clothing options to warm you up when youre feelingshivery.你的体温会在一天里有些变化，所以多带点儿衣服，当你觉得冷的时候及时加上。7. Stop drinking7. 停止喝酒Whatever you do, dont keep drinking tostave offa hangover with more drunkedn