小学英语单词教学法.docx

小学英语单词教学法随着新教材的改革出现，学生需要掌握的词汇量远远大于以往，单词量的激增，使学生原来存在的记忆单词难这个问题更加的突出。单词既是一个重要的教学内容，又是学生学好英语的前提。因此，以单词教学为突破口，加强单词教学的探索，研究，势在必行。就当前学生学习英语的情况来看，对英语学习感兴趣的人不多，究其原因，是因为没有记住单词，造成学习困难，兴趣减退。为此，如何进行单词教学，教会学生用科学方法记忆单词，是小学英语教学的关键。词汇作为语言素材，能否掌握运用，将直接影响对英语的学习成败。新的教学大纲向我们提出，一到三年级只要求听说读，四年级开始学生开始要学会写相当一部分的单词。刚学英语，要求记单词，对于初学英语的小孩子来说，同时要记住英语单词的音形义，需要有一个过程、更需要老师的教育和引导。那么，我们如何帮助学生把枯燥的单词学习好，记得牢，让他们对英语学习保持着浓厚的兴趣呢？一、 从实际出发，尊重学生的认知特点。小学生学习的一个很明显的特点就是直观，因为他们的思维是以形象思维为主，在教学的过程中我们就会发现，要是单独出示单词或中文意思，学生就是读了很多遍，还是记不起来的。但是要是我们在教学单词的时候能配上图画，动作或声音，学生就很快在情景中想起来所学过的内容。要是能配上动作的话，效果就特别的好。单词的学习就变得生动，不会单调。二、 重视文化布置，让英语学习走进生活中去。学生在校大多数时间在教室时度过，所以班级文化布置里也对英语的学习带来方便之地。我们可以利用小黑板，每星期一个主题，小组轮流收集资料，如这次的主题是小动物，你会看到小黑板上有很多动物的图片，每一张图下面都有一个英语单词。这一小小的活动，会让整个课室顿时有了英语的气息，并能让小组中的学生互相合作，沟通交流，也让所有的学生开阔了眼界，让学习更具系统性。学生的目光能随时接触到英语，甚至在他们上课开小差的时候，无意思中也会看到这些英语单词不定期样，耳濡目染，学生就不会忽视英语。当然我们还可以利用每期的板报设计，增添英语的相关儿歌或背景文化资料，我想信，当接触多了的时间，我们的学生会对英语越来越感兴趣的。三、设计多样化的练习，激活学生的学习兴趣托尔斯泰说“成功的教学所需要的不是强制而是激发学生兴趣。”“兴趣是最好的老师”。小学英语是入门教学，应把培养学生学习英语的兴趣放在首位。兴趣是学好语言的关键，教学单词的时候，如何激活学生的学习兴趣，我们的单词教学自然就事半功倍。（1）让游戏在单词教学中起作用：孩子的世界里，游戏是不可缺少的朋友，从某种角度上看，小学生的学习方式是一种游戏式的学习，在英语课堂中开展戏活动，正适合其身心发展特点。那么，我们可以从单词的练习形式开始，把教学与游戏结合。例如在教学单词： bedroom , bathroom , kitchen, study, living room , home 要教会学生认读单词，为了更形象，具体，直观，可以把单词与图形结合在一起，画出一间房子，然后按地点将单词贴好在不同的功能房间里面，这样，学生一看就明白单词的意思，在练习的时候，我们也可以通过听单词，在房子里贴出正确的位置，也可以通过设计比赛，让学生根据所学的单词，设计房子，看看哪个同学的设计最完美、学生的好胜心强，表现欲强，通过游戏或其它的活动形式，激发他们的学生兴趣，使学生爱学，乐学；通过学生的自主设计比赛，使学生有更多的机会参与课堂活动，使他们成为活动的主体，从而让学生的观察力，记忆能力得到锻炼。（2）通过CHANT的形式进行单词教学。音乐总会给人以智慧，节奏能对神经系统起到良好的刺激作用，英语教学中，能够加入一些节奏的元素，符合小学生形象记忆和情绪记忆较强的特别，容易激发学生的情绪和想象力，低年级学生爱唱，爱说，带有节奏的语言可以活跃课堂气氛，使学生在轻松愉快的气氛中学习，记忆单词。新教材中，大量地加入了Lets chant 部分的内容，我们可以通过这些内容，加强对所学单词的记忆及相关内容的扩展。如在上面刚说过的单词教学部分，在学习了单词的读音后，可以通过CHANT的内容：go to the living room , watch TV . go to the study, read a book. Go to the kitchen , have a snack. Go to the bathroom , take a shower. Go to the bedroom, have a sleep.在强烈的节奏中，学生把所学的单词反复地进行读记，同时，还扩展了相关的词语，使学生的语言信息量大增，增强了学习的自信心。（3）简单的给画，发挥学生主体学习的重要作用。现代教育理念认为，学生是学习的主体，是学习的主人。把学生置于恰当的位置，可以充分调动学生的学习班积极性，提高教学效率。简单的给画，可以帮助学生更好地记忆单词，因为色彩图象，对于小学生来说，也是十分感兴趣的活动。我们在教新单词的时候，可以借用简笔画，加强学生的直观形象记忆。同时，我们要求学生在抄写单词的过程中，也可以让学生动动手，画画简笔画，加强对单词的理解。例如，我们在教完单词：flower, bike, bus , boy, girl, pen , pencil, ruler.可以要求学生在抄写单词的时候，在作业本中画一个相对应的简笔画。这样一来，抄单词就不会变得太枯燥了，就算是抄抄写写的作业也变得很有意思（4）TPR教学法在单词教学中运用。英语教师应利用一切可能利用的条件，为学生创造一种学习英语的语言环境,将枯燥的，抽象的内容，操作得具体，形象，生动。选择合适的语言教学法，把单词的教学变得更有趣，就如很多教师都会用的TPR教学法，learn by doing.小学生活泼，好动，坐不住，教师可以根据学生的这一特点，通过模仿动作教单词。如学习：swim, run , walk, sing, write.等动作词的时候，可以让学生一边做一些相关的简单动作，一边读单词，记单词。在这个过程当中，学生要做到口动，手动，充分地调动了小孩子各个功能区的作用，在动中学，乐中学。哪怕是一个小小的动作，对小孩子来说，一起做，也是很大的乐趣。四、善于总结，善于发现。任何事物都是有规律可循的，外语单词也不例外。如读音规则。在单词的学习中，我们会发现，很大部分的单词都有一定的发音规律，利用拼读规律教单词，通过讲，练，使学生见了符合发音规则的词就能拼读，记忆单词，时间长了，学生就能抓住规律，记住特殊。从而避免学生在学习时只会死记硬背而效果不佳。首先，在教字母的时候就教会大部分辅音字母的发音，在此基础上教元音字母的发音。这样，有利于高年级的学习过渡，从低年级就打好语音基础。例如学习：face时，同时可以出现：cake, take, lake,教师领读，让学生跟读，然后启发学生找出发音规律,这样，在教会学生单词发音的同时，培养了学生的思维能力，并有利于学生的记忆。第二，经常做语音练习，要求学生把字母或字母组的发音相同的词找出来归类。第三，做听写练习时，教师有意地把字母或字母组合相同的单词放在一起听写，强化学生对音形的记忆。通过这些训练，使学生逐步形成听音拼词，见形读音的自学能力。这为以后学生自主学习奠定坚实的基础。五、 触类旁通，层层深入。英语 单词有相当部分拼读与拼写形式不一致的，这给学生的学习带来困难，特别是低年级学生，既要记拼写，还要记词义，会运用，确实不容易。因此，不能急于求成，把学生逼得太紧，会产生反心理，反而不学了。所以，我认为，在单词教学中要体现分阶段的特点。一年级只要求听说读，淡化拼写，重点培养学生的语感和学习兴趣。二年级学生要求能掌握一定的发音规则，通过发音规则认读单词和拼写单词，并在教师的指导下运用单词，对一些发音不规则或音节多的词不达意，不要求学生学会了马上会背，允许学生慢慢消化。教师可通过课堂上的反复重现，以及教给学生一定的学习方法，使学生学习有法。比如：在教teacher时，学生感到难记，我在教给学生发音规则的同时，教学生把单词分成两个音节来记，让学生t-e-a tea, c-h-e-r cher.这样，就把难点分散，学生觉得容易多了。在一定的基础上，老师也可以通过扩展词汇量，来帮助学生更进一步记忆所学的词汇：就刚才学过的单词teacher,让学生用已有的知识层层深化所学的内容的认识，扩展到词语中，如： a teacher, a Chinese teacher, an English teacher, an old teacher, a new teacher这样，大大地扩充了学生语言的信息量，所组成的词组，以旧带新，以新复旧，有的单词还可以在原有意思上进行扩展，老师可以及时帮助学生归纳，以拓展学生的思路，开宽学生的视野。如此类推，就算再难记的单词，学生也会有办法把它记好来。此外，在教学检查反馈时或听写单词时，不能求多，开始时，每天可以听写两三个，积少成多，使学生的学习目标容易达到，使学生感到成功的喜悦。著名教育学家布卢姆认为，一个人学习成功的次数越多，他的学习自信心就越强。从而，学习的兴趣就越深浓。六、 重视事物内在的联系性单词教学不能是独立的，在利用机械理解和记忆的同时，另一方面要想记得牢，用得准还必须意义理解和意义识记，只有在词不离句的情况下，才能收到预期的效果。比如：教this / that时教师指近的东西说：this is a board/ pen .然后再指远的东西说：that is a door./ schoolbag等。这样学生能很快地理解this / that的用法。再如：教：see , hear , smell 等词时，教师结合句子，边说边做动作，如：I can see with my eyes, I can hear with my ears , I can smell with my nose.等，使学生通过句子和动作加深理解单词的含义，并学会运用。否则，学生会把this 理解成board, 把see理解成eye,不能收到预期的教学效果。七、 尊重遗忘规律，不断重复学习，记忆，再记忆。记忆单词，对于初学英语的学生来说，是一件难事，常常是学会了，第二天又忘了。遗忘是单词学习的最大拦路虎，也是单词教学中教师和学生最感头痛的问题。如何解决这个问题？艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线告诉了我们遗忘的规律。在识记后短时时期内遗忘较多，在过了较长时间间隔后，记忆保持的分量较少了，遗忘发展的速度也减慢了，根据这一规律，教师在教学中要及时安排复习，在学单词后的几个课时里甚至几周里，每次以不同的形式重现，并根据遗忘规律帮助学生制定单词的复习计划，使单词得到及时的复习巩固，提高记忆的效果。“A good beginning is half the way”，小学阶段是学习英语的入门阶段，我们的教学应当根据儿童的生理和心理特点，高度重视入门时的单词教学，要认真深入地研究科学的学习方法、教学方法和记忆方法，减轻学生学习的难度，培养学习兴趣，这对小孩子学习英语将会终身受用。因此，中低年级的英语单词教学，采用生动，活泼，形象直观和行之有效的教学方法，注重对学生学习兴趣的培养，才能使之爱学、乐学、并学得好，从而为提高学生的英语运用能力打下坚实的基础。题型: 1.选择题,考察语法知识Hows Joes skirt?Her skirt is more beautiful than_.A her sis ter and Kates B her sisters and Kates2.完形填空3.阅读理解 A 大概说的是父母不理解孩子 B 讲的是一个著名的人,讲HAWKIN的事,告诉人们遇到困境不要放弃希望 C Earth Day讲设立了这样的一个日子,为了保护地球. D 讲的是一个孩子发了一封E-MAIL,引发的事.4.填空5.补充完整句子,其实也是差不多填空,是短语搭配填空好学生是不会等到考试前两周才开始学习.Good students _wait _before two weeks to start studying.这个村庄他们以前在这住过.This is a village that they _ _ live in.比起看电视,她更喜欢看书.She _ reading books ,than _ TV.他花了半个小时,考察的TAKEIt _ _ half an hour to .我一到了北京,我就会去看奥运会(大概是这样)._ _ _ I _ _ Beijing.6.作文, 假设你的外地同学李华五一来探望了你,根据下列活动日程,写一篇短文,作为向报社的投稿.5月1日 岳麓山 爬山5月2日 烈士公园 划船5月3日 世界之窗 欣赏外国舞蹈学英语教师业务理论考试试题及答案第一部分 英语教育的基本理论与实践（10分）I. 单项选择题（选择正确答案）（共5小题，计5分）1、以下哪一项不是基础教育阶段英语课程的基本任务？A、激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略B、使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听说读写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力C、培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神D、了解中华文化的博大精深，培养爱国主义精神2、国家英语课程要求从3年级开设英语课程。标准_为6年级结束时应达到的基本要求；_为9年级结束时应达到的基本要求；_为高中毕业的基本要求。A、第二级；第五级；第八级 B、第三级；第六级；第八级C、第一级；第四级；第七级 D、第二级；第六级；第八级3、基础教育英语课程的总体目标由_构成。A、语言知识、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、创新精神B、语言知识、交际能力、学习策略、情感态度、合作精神C、语言知识、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、文化意识D、语言能力、文化知识、学习方法、祖国意识、文化理解4、_是英语学习成功的关键。A、打下良好的听、说、读、写基础 B、保持积极的学习态度C、每天背诵一篇经典课文 D、课前准备、课后复习5、在基础教育阶段，学习英语应以_为主，学习者最主要的终极目标之一是获得_。A、实践；综合语言运用能力B、掌握知识；尽可能多的语言知识C、交际；尽可能多的英语信息D、听说；听与说的能力II. 多项选择题。（凡多选、少选、不选或错选均不给分）（共5小题，计5分）6、以下不属于英语基本学习策略的选项是：（ ）A、对所学内容能主动练习和实践B、在生活中接触英语时，乐于探究其含义并尝试模仿C、在学习中集中注意力D、遇到问题时，能主动向老师或同学请教，取得帮助7、在英语教学中教师应注意做到：（ ）A、为学生提供自主学习和相互交流的机会B、对学生学习过程中的失误和错误立即纠正C、鼓励学生通过体验、实践、讨论、合作、探究的方式掌握英语知识D、创造条件让学生自主解决问题8、努力营造宽松、民主、和谐的教学气氛是教师必须注意的教学原则，为此，教师应该_。A、保护学生的自尊心和积极性 B、创设各种合作学习的活动C、特别关注学习有困难的学生 D、让学习好的学生成为其他学生的榜样9、关于评价，正确的选项有：（ ）A、在英语教学中应以形成性评价为主B、终结性评价应着重检测学生的英语知识和技能C、评价体系要体现评价主体的多元化和评价形式的多样化D、评价应促进教师对自己的教学行为进行反思和适当的调整10、各地选用的英语教材应具备以下特性：（ ）A、发展性和拓展性 B.学性和思想性C、趣味性和人文性 D、灵活性和开放性第二部分 英语基础知识与技能（90分）I. 听力（共三节，20个小题，计20分）第一节 听下面五个句子，根据录音顺序将代表图片的字母填在答题卷相应的位置。A B C D E第二节 根据你所听到的句子，判断所描述的内容是否与图意相符。相符的填T，否则填F。Joe6. ( )7. ( )8. ( )9. ( )10. ( )第三节 听下面六段对话，每段对话后有13个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题五秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出五秒钟的答题时间。听下面三段对话，回答11-13题。11. Whats the woman doing?A. Shes reading a book.B. Shes having chicken.C. Shes making lunch.12. Who wants to go dancing tomorrow?A. Ann. B. Richard. C. Mary.13. Whats Mr. White?A. A doctor. B. A teacher. C. A driver.听下面一段对话，回答14-15小题。14. Where are the two speakers?A. At home. B. In a shop. C. In a restaurant.15. What does the man mean by saying the last sentences?A. The boots are too cheap to believe.B. The boots are too expensive.C. The woman is not serious.听下面一段对话，回答16-17题。16. Where did David get back from?A. His home. B. Hongkong. C. Chongqing.17. What did David give Amy?A. A doll. B. A fan. C. A watch.听下面的对话回答18-20小题。18. Who is the woman talking to? A. Her husband. B. A police. C. Her friend.19. What was missing? A. Her bag. B. Her child. C. Her purse.20. What was the person like?A. He had long and brown hair.B. He was about 16 or 17 years old.C. He was tall and fat.II. 单项选择（共15小题，计15分） 从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确的答案填空。21. Jack _ the book Harry Porter. Its funny.A. have B. dont have C. has22. You look much _ than before.A. fine B. better C. best23. The boy is good _ making kites silk.A. in, for B. on, by C. at, with24. Sally, where are you? _ friends are here. Im at the study. Im coming.A. Your B. Their C. Mine25. My grandparents are _ .A. Australia B. Australian C. Australians26. Stop _, please. I have some good news for you.A. talk B. to talk C. talking27. Which sweater do you want?I want _.A. it B. the green one C. one28. _ you answer me these questions in English? Sorry. Im afraid they are too difficult for me.A. Can B. May C. Must29. The box is too heavy. Please come and help me _ it to the classroom.A. take B. bring C. get30. _do you go to Beijing? By plane.A. How B. What C. Why31. Think hard, _ youll have a good idea.A. and B. but C. so32. Its too warm in the room. Youd better_ your coat.A. take off B. put on C. pick up33. There_ a football game between Italy and China tomorrow.A. will have B. is going to be C. is having34. _ , Bill? Its June, 22nd.A. What day is it todayB. Whats the time nowC. Whats the date today35. _ they visit the museum last Friday? No. They had to have classes.A. Were B. Had C. DidIII、阅读理解（共15小题，计30分） 阅读短文，选择正确答案回答所提问题或完成所给句子。AWelcome to 2006 Summer Camp2006 Summer Camp opens between 9:30 a.m. and 11:30 a.m. from July 20th to July 30th. All children aged 7 14 are welcome. Each child can take part in only one of the following activities and needs to pay 150 yuan for it.1. Sports (basketball, football, table tennis, etc.)2. Internet Groups (painting, singing, dancing, piano, computer, etc.)3. English World (songs, fishing, games, plays, etc.)Some American children are coming to the camp. If you really want to spend an interesting summer holiday, please join us for learning with fun. Act now! Book your seat as soon as possible either by phone or by e-mail. Pay before July 18th, then you can have a Mickey T-shirt as a member of the camp.Changsha Childrens PalaceNo.23, Furong Road, Changsha CityTel:E-mail: 36. This passage is probably _.A. a letter B. an ad C. a story37. The purpose (目的) of the summer camp is to _.A. make friends B. play games C. learn with fun38. How many activities can a child take park part in?A. One. B. Two. C. Three.39. You can get a T-shirt if you _.A. book the seats as soon as possibleB. pay money before July 18thC. ask three other friends to join in the activity40. Which of the following is true?A. All children under the age of 14 can take part in it.B. American children will pay 150yuan for the activities.C. You can book the seats by two ways.BMrs. Brown lived in a small town near a big farm. One Friday afternoon after she finished her housework, she went to her small shop. She opened the window of the shop and looked outside. She liked to see the green farm. There were many cows, horses and small animals on the farm. Suddenly she saw a kangaroo under her window. It was interesting to see that it was wearing an old jacket. It stood there and looked hungry. Mrs. Brown gave some bread and water to it. The kangaroo ate them all. Then it became happy and jumped away. Suddenly something dropped on the floor from its jacket pocket. It was a wallet! She picked it up, opened and found there were $300 and a photo in it. That was a mans photo with his name “John” on it. John? She looked more carefully and remembered she had a brother many years ago. His name was also John. “Is this man my lost brother?” she thought. She took the wallet with her and began to look for the man. She asked many people in the town, and then she came to the farm and asked the farmer. To her great surprise, it was John, her lost brother. They were very excited and happy to see each other.41. From the text we know Mrs. Brown liked _.A. shopping B. seeing the green farm C. kangaroos42. What was interesting about the kangaroo?A. It was wearing an old jacket.B. It looked very hungry.C. It was very clever.43. The kangaroo dropped _ when it jumped away.A. the old jacket B. some bread C. a wallet44. Mrs. Brown felt a bit surprised when she saw the _A.money B. photo C. kangaroo45. Mrs. Brown decided to look for the man m ost probably because she _.A. was helpful and kind-heartedB. wanted to return the lost things to the ownerC. wondered if the man was her brotherCImagine this scene (情景). Jennifer is eighteen years old. Tom is her boyfriend, and Jennifer and Tom like each other a lot. But one day Jennifer sees Tom talking to another girl. They are smiling and having a good time. Jennifer cant believe her eyes. She begins to get mad. That night, she calls Tom and says, “Who was that girl you were talking with today?” “What girl?” Tom asks.“I saw you talking with a girl on the street.” “Oh, that was Laura. Shes my next-door neighbor.”Jennifer doesnt believe Tom. Shes very angry. She says, “I never want to see you again,” and hangs up the phone. Its the green-eyed monster. Jennifer is jealous.Now picture a second scene. Mark is in his forties. Hes good friends with Joe, and they do a lot of things together. They both work in an office. One day, Mark hears Joe inviting Bill, another workmate, to play cards with him that night. Mark is hurt. “Why didnt Joe invite me to play cards?” Mark thinks. “Joe and I are best friends.” The green-eyed monster is here again. Mark is jealous.Is jealous normal (正常)? Probably. Is it good? Not usually. Its easy to become jealous, but its hard to solve (解决) the problems that jealous causes. Jealousy can hurt friendship. Maybe the best thing to do when were feeling jealous is just to tell the green-eyed monster to leave.46. Jennifer was angry with Tom because he _.A. doesnt love her as much as beforeB. hangs the phone before she can explainC. smiles and talks to another girl47. From the second story, we know that _.A. Mark and Bill are good friendsB. Joe doesnt want to play cards with MarkC. Mark, Joe and Bill are workmates48. When we feel jealous of other people, we feel _ them.A. angry with B. sorry for C. pleased with49. The green monster is _.A. a terrible real monsterB. a bad feeling we haveC. very helpful50. The author tells us that jealousy _.A. is nothing seriousB. can cause problemsC. can make people happyIV、阅读填空（共5小题，计5分） 阅读下面的短文，完成表格中所缺的内容。Three students are talking about their part-time jobs:Brandon Smith:Im a junior school student, and I have a part-time job in a restaurant. I wash dishes on Saturdays and Sundays from 8:00am until 4:00pm. I get 5.50 an hour. It isnt much money, but I save almost every penny! I want to go to a good university, and the cost goes up every year. Of course, I spend some money when I go out on Saturday nights.Lauren Russell:Im a senior in high school. I have a job in a grocery store. The job pays well about 6.75 an hour. I work every weeknight after school from 8:00pm until 11:30pm. I dont have time for homework, and my grades arent very good this year. But I have to work, or I cant buy nice clothes and I cant go out on Saturday nights. Also, a car costs a lot of money.Erica Davis:Im a new student in college. College is very expensive, so I work in a law office for three hours every weekday afternoon. I make photocopies, file papers, and sort (整理) mails for 8.25 an hour. The job gives me good experience because I want to be a lawyer some day. But I dont want to work every term. I need time to study.BrandonLaurenEricaPart-time Jobswash dishes in a restaurant51. _work in a law officeWork-time52. _8 pm-11:30 pm every weeknightevery weekday afternoonPayment5.50 an hour6.75 an hour53. _Purposeto earn money for universityto go o