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BookOne Unit1 BookOne Content Warming up Reading Writing TextA TextB BookOne Warming up 1 HaveyouheardoftheSecondLife Watchthevideoandthenhaveadiscussionaboutit BookOne Groupdiscussion1 Questions 1 DoyouoftensurfonInternetanddoyourelyonitineverydaylife 2 Howdoyoumakeuseofthecyberspace 3 Whatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytoavoidundesirablematerials suchaspornography incyberspace 2 Eachgroupappointonerepresentativetogiveapresentationaboutthegroup sdiscussion Youcanalsofindsomeideasfromthemaponthenextpage Warming up 2 BookOne Warming up BookOne TextACYBERSPACE IFYOUDON TLOVEIT LEAVEITEstherDyson BookOne Reading TextA TextStudy MainIdea Structure SentenceAnalysis LanguagePoints BookOne MainIdeaandStructure Firstreading Scanthetextandtrytocatchthemainidea Thefollowingwordsareforyourreferencetoorganizetheidea Cyberspace voluntary composition communities evolvement identify labeling individualchoice responsibility Secondreading readthepassageagainandtrytoidentifythestructureofthispassage Forreference Forreference BookOne Thistextdefinesthenatureofcyberspaceandholdsthatitisavoluntarydestination Cyberspacefeaturesfreecommunication alargevarietyofinformationandservice andcommunities Thesecommunitiesevolvesjustthewayterrestrialcommunitiesdoandonlyself sustainingwillprosper Tomakethecyberspaceabetterplace peopleneedtodefineandidentifydifferentcommunities andtolabelundesirablematerial Whileenjoyingindividualchoices peopleshouldalsoundertakeindividualresponsibilities MainIdea BookOne Structure PartI Para 1 5 PartII Para 6 9 PartIII Para 10 12 PartIV Para 13 16 Mainidea Theintroductionofcyberspaceanditsnature Mainidea Thefeatureandcompositionofcyberspace Mainidea Theevolvementofcyberspacecommunitiesandtheirinternalmanagementmechanism Mainidea Peopleneedtodefineandidentifyspacecommunitiessoastoavoidundesirablematerials BookOne 1SomethingintheAmericanpsychelovesnewfrontiers Wehankerafterwide openspaces weliketoexplore weliketomakerulesbutrefusetofollowthem Butinthisageit shardtofindaplacewhereyoucangoandbeyourselfwithoutworryingabouttheneighbors 2Thereissuchaplace cyberspace Formerlyaplaygroundforcomputerfans cyberspacenowembraceseveryconceivableconstituency schoolchildren flirtatioussingles Hungarian Americans accountants Cantheyallgetalong Orwillourfearofkidssurfingfordirtypicturesbehindtheirbedroomdoorsprovokeacrackdown Paras 1 2 BookOne Paras 3 4 3Thefirstorderofbusinessistograspwhatcyberspaceis Itmighthelptoleavebehindmetaphorsofhighwaysandfrontiersandtothinkinsteadofrealestate 2Realestate remember isanintellectual legal artificialenvironmentconstructedontopofland Realestaterecognizesthedifferencebetweenparklandandshoppingmall betweenred lightzone3andschooldistrict betweenchurch stateanddrugstore 4Inthesameway youcouldthinkofcyberspaceasagiantandunboundedworldofvirtualrealestate Somepropertyisprivatelyownedandrentedout otherpropertyiscommonland someplacesaresuitableforchildren andothersarebestavoidedbyallcitizens Unfortunately it sthoseplacesthatarenowcapturingthepopularimagination placesthatofferbomb makinginstructions pornography adviceonhowtostealcreditcards Theymakecyberspacesoundlikeanastyplace Goodcitizensjumptoaconclusion Betterregulateit BookOne Paras 5 6 5Butbeforeusingregulationstocounterindecencyitisfundamentaltointerpretthenatureofcyberspace Cyberspaceisn tafrontierwherewickedpeoplecangrabunsuspectingchildren norisitagianttelevisionsystemthatcanbeamoffensivemessagesatunwillingviewers Inthiskindofrealestate usershavetochoosewheretheyvisit whattheysee whattheydo It soptional Inotherwords cyberspaceisavoluntarydestination inreality manydestinations Youdon tjustget ontotheNet youhavetogosomeplaceinparticular Thatmeansthatpeoplecanchoosewheretogoandwhattosee Yes communitystandardsshouldbeenforced butthosestandardsshouldbesetbycyberspacecommunitiesthemselves notbythecourtsorbypoliticiansinWashington 6Whatmakescyberspacesoalluringispreciselythewayinwhichit sdifferentfromshoppingmalls television highwaysandotherterrestrialjurisdictions Butlet sdefinetheterritory BookOne Paras 7 8 7First thereareprivatee mailconversations similartotheconversationsyouhaveoverthetelephone Theseareprivateandconsensualandrequirenoregulationatall 8Second thereareinformationandentertainmentservices wherepeoplecandownloadanythingfromlegaltextsandlistsof greatnewrestaurants togamesoftwareordirtypictures Theseplacesarelikebookstores mallsandmoviehouses placeswhereyougotobuysomething Thecustomerneedstorequestanitemorsignupforasubscription stuff especiallypornography isnotsentouttopeoplewhodon taskforit SomeoftheseservicesarefreeorincludedaspartofabroaderservicelikeCompuServeorAmericaOnline otherschargeandmaybilltheircustomersdirectly BookOne Para 9 9Third thereare real communities groupsofpeoplewhocommunicateamongthemselves Inreal estateterms they relikebarsorrestaurantsorbathhouses Eachactiveparticipantcontributestoageneralconversation generallythroughpostedmessages Otherparticipantsmaysimplylistenorwatch Someservicesaresupervisedbyamoderator othersaremorelikebulletinboards anyoneisfreetopostanything Manyoftheseservicesstartedoutunmoderatedbutarenowimposingrulestokeepoutunwantedadvertising extraneousdiscussionsorincreasinglyrudeparticipants BookOne Para 10 10Cyberspacecommunitiesevolvejustthewayterrestrialcommunitiesdo peoplewithlike mindedinterestsbandtogether Everycyberspacecommunityhasitsowncharacter Overall thecommunitiesonCompuServetendtobemoreprofessional thoseonAmericaOnline affluentyoungsingles Prodigy family oriented ThenthereareindependentslikeEcho ahip downtownNewYorkservice orWomen sWire targetedtowomenwhowanttoavoidthemalecultureprevalentelsewhereontheNet OntheInternetitselftherearelotsofpassionatenoncommercialdiscussiongroupsontopicsrangingfromHungarianpolitics HungaryOnline tocopyrightlaw BookOne Para 11 11What suniqueaboutcyberspaceisthatitallowscommunitiesofanysizeandkindtoflourish incyberspace communitiesarechosenbytheusers notforcedonthembyaccidentsofgeography Thisfreedomgivestherulesthatpresideincyberspaceamoralauthoritythatrulesinterrestrialenvironmentsdon thave 4Mostpeoplearestuckinthecountryoftheirbirth butifyoudon tliketherulesofacyberspacecommunity youcanjustsignoff Loveitorleaveit Likewise ifparentsdon tliketherulesofagivencyberspacecommunity theycanrestricttheirchildren saccesstoit BookOne Para 12 12What slikelytohappenincyberspaceistheformationofnewcommunities freeoftheconstraintsthatcauseconflictonearth Insteadofaglobalvillage whichisanicedreambutimpossibletomanage we llhaveinventedanotherworldofself containedcommunitiesthatcatertotheirownmembers inclinationswithoutinterferingwithanyoneelse s Thepossibilityofarealmarket styleevolutionofgovernanceisathand Incyberspace we llbeabletotestandevolverulesgoverningwhatneedstobegoverned intellectualproperty contentandaccesscontrol rulesaboutprivacyandfreespeech Somecommunitieswillallowanyonein otherswillrestrictaccesstomemberswhoqualifyononebasisoranother Thosecommunitiesthatproveself sustainingwillprosper andperhapsgrowandsplitintosubsetswithever more particularinterestsandidentities Thosethatcan tsurvive eitherbecausepeopleloseinterestorgetscaredoff willsimplywitheraway BookOne Paras 13 14 13Inthenearfuture explorersincyberspacewillneedtogetbetteratdefiningandidentifyingtheircommunities Theywillneedtoputinplace andaccept theirownlocalgovernmentsapartfromterrestrialgovernments justastheownersofexpensiverealestateoftenhavetheirownsecurityguardsthoughtheycancallinthepolicetogetridofundesirablecustomers 14Thenwhatshouldbedoneaboutundesirablematerialincyberspace Whattodo forinstance aboutpornography Theanswerislabeling besidesbanning questionablematerial Itmakessenseforcyberspaceparticipantsthemselvestoagreeonaschemeforquestionableitems sothatpeopleorautomaticfilterscanavoidthem It seasyenoughforsoftwaremanufacturerstobuildanautomaticfilterthatwouldpreventyouoryourchildfromeverseeingtheundesireditemonamenu It sasifalltheitemswerewrapped withlabelsonthewrapper Someonewhopostedpornographicmaterialunderthetitle Kid Fun couldbesuedformislabeling BookOne Paras 15 16 15Withoutalotoffanfare privateenterprisesandlocalgroupsarealreadyproducingavarietyoflabelingservices alongwithkid orientedsiteslikeKidlinkandKids Space PeopledifferintheirtastesandvaluesandcanfindservicesontheNetthatsuittheminthesamewaytheyselectbooksandmagazines Ortheycanwanderfreelyiftheyprefer makinguptheirownitinerary 16Intheend oursocietyneedstogrowup Growingupmeansunderstandingthattherearenoperfectanswers noall purposesolutions nogovernment sanctionedsafehavens Wehaven tcreatedaperfectsocietyonearth andwewon thaveoneincyberspaceeither Butatleastwecanhaveindividualchoice andindividualresponsibility BookOne 1 it shardtofindaplacewhereyoucangoandbeyourselfwithoutworryingabouttheneighbors Para 1 Line2 3 Worryingabouttheneighbors impliesthatwhereveryougoandwhateveryoudo youmustconsiderwhetheryouwilldisturbotherpeopleornot 译文 很难找到这样一个地方 你自己可以随心所欲 而又不必担心影响到你的邻居 II SentenceAnalysis BookOne 2 Itmighthelptoleavebehindmetaphorsofhighwaysandfrontiersandtothinkinsteadofrealestate Para 3 Line1 leavebehind choosenottotake sth orsb abandon把 丢弃在后面 丢弃 抛弃e g Intheirwithdrawal muchoftheheavyequipmenthadtobeleftbehind 在撤退时 他们不得不把许多重型装备丢弃 Highways and frontiers arebothmetaphorsofthecyberspace Ametaphor 比喻 isafigureofspeech 修辞格 inwhichatermisusedtoindicatesomethingdifferentbyimplicitcomparison BookOne Paraphrase Itmighthelpus tounderstandwhatcyberspaceis ifwethinkofitasrealestateratherthanashighwaysandfrontiers Or Tounderstandwhatcyberspaceis itmightbehelpfultoforgetaboutmetaphorsofhighwaysandfrontiersandtothinkintermsofrealestateinstead 译文 我们可以抛开高速公路 前沿新领域等比喻 把信息空间看作一个巨大的庄园 BookOne 3 peoplecandownloadanythingfromlegaltextsandlistsof greatnewrestaurants togamesoftwareordirtypictures Para 8 Line1 anythingfrom to meansawidevarietyofsomething Hereitreferstoawidevarietyofinformationavailableincyberspace Legaltexts listsofnewrestaurants gamesoftware and dirtypictures arejustsomeexamples 译文 人们可以从中下载各种信息 从法律文件 大型新饭店 名单 到游戏软件 下流图片 无奇不有 BookOne 4 Thisfreedomgivestherulesthatpresideincyberspaceamoralauthoritythatrulesinterrestrialenvironmentsdon thave Para 11 Line3 Thisisacomplexsentence ithastwoattributiveclauses thatpresideincyberspace modifies therules thatrulesinterrestrialenvironmentsdon thave modifies amoralauthority preside vi exercisecontrolorauthority管辖 掌管e g presideoverameeting主持会议presideattea招待客人吃茶点Themanagerpresidesoverthebusinessofthisstore 经理管理这店业务 译文 这种自由赋予主宰信息空间的准则一种道义上的权威 这种权威是地球空间里的准则所没有的 BookOne 5 Cyberspacecommunitiesevolvejustthewayterrestrialcommunitiesdo Para 10 Line1 evolve vi toundergogradualchange develop发展 经历逐渐的变化过程e g anamateuractinggroupthatevolvedintoatheatricalcompany一个发展成为戏剧公司的业余演出团体 justthewayterrestrialcommunitiesdo 是方式状语 而 terrestrialcommunitiesdo 是定语从句 修饰theway BookOne Paraphrase Cyberspacecommunitiesdevelopjustinthesamewayinwhichterrestrialcommunitiesdo 译文 信息空间里群体的演变过程正如陆地社会团体的演变过程 BookOne 6 Loveitorleaveit Para 11 Line5 Thissentenceistheshortformofthetitle IfYouDon tLoveit LeaveIt Paraphrase Ifyouloveit youcanstaywithit orifyoudon tloveityoucanleaveit That suptoyou it spersonalchoice 译文 出入自由 BookOne LanguagePoints BookOne affluentadj wealthy rich富裕的 富足的近义词 abundant ample riche g affluentsuburbswithlargehousesandtreelinedstreets房子宽敞 街道绿树成荫的的富裕郊区Weliveinanaffluentsociety 我们生活在一个富裕的社会中 n abranchthatflowsintothemainstream支流近义词 offshoot anabranch distributarye g ThisisanaffluentoftheYangtzeRiver 这是长江的一条支流 BookOne 例题 hemaybe butheisbynomeanssurewhattotipthedoormanorthechambermaid A PoorB HappyC AffluentD Prosperous句意 尽管他可能是富裕的 但他一点不知道该付多少小费给看门人和清理卧室的女服务员 C Affluent BookOne ayoungpersonwhoisextremelycleverorgoodatdoingsomething奇才 天才近义词 geniuse g amathematicalprodigy数学天才achild infantprodigy天才 神童Mozartwasachildprodigy 莫扎特是个神童 Thatchildprodigybegintocomposeattheageoffive 那个神童五岁就开始作诗了 2 somethingorsomebodystrangeandwonderful奇迹 奇观 奇异的的事情 奇异的人 非凡的人近义词 marvel wonderprodigiesofendurance耐力的奇迹aprodigyoflearning非凡的学者aprodigyofenergy精力异常充沛的人e g Criticswerenotgammonedbythislatestprodigy 评论家不为最近发生的反常的事所欺骗 prodigyn BookOne 1 havingorexpressingaverystrongfeeling especiallybeliefinanideaorprinciple 尤指对某种思想 原则 具有强烈感情的 激昂的e g Apassionatespeechagainstinjustice 一个反对不公正的激昂的演讲 Lewisisapassionatesupporterofwomen srights 刘易斯是女权运动的狂热支持者 Hispassionatespeechhadaneffectonouremotions 他的热情的演讲打动了我们的感情 2 veryeager intense热切的 强烈的e g Hisearlyexperienceturnhimintoapassionatesocialreformer 他早年的经历使他变成了一个狂热的社会改革者 passionateadj BookOne 例题 Peteris involvedinenvironmentalissuesA heatedlyB hotC patientlyD passionately句意 彼得热情地参与讨论有关环境的议题 D passionately passionateadj BookOne 1 somethingthatlimitsyourfreedomtodowhatyouwant限制 约束 压抑 抑制近义词 restrainte g Sheissoontiredoftheconstraintofmilitarylife 她很快厌倦了军事生活的约束 Financialconstraintslimitedherchoiceofaccommodation 财力有限使得她不能随意选择住处 2 theactofconstraining thethreatoruseofforcetocontrolthethoughtsorbehaviorofothers强制力 强迫e g Shedoesn tliketodothingsunderconstraint 她不喜欢在别人强迫下去做事情 constraintn BookOne 1 tobesuccessfulandbecomerich成功 兴旺 发达 繁荣近义词 boom thrive flourishe g Myfatherwasnolongerprosperinginbusiness 我父亲的生意不再兴旺发达了 Thefarmprosperedthroughgoodmanagement 由于管理有方 农场兴旺发达 2 togrowanddevelopinahealthyway健康成长 顺利发展 蓬勃发展e g Thechildseemedtoprosperundertheircare 在他们的照管下 孩子看来在健康的成长Areyouprospering 你最近事情都顺利吗 prosperv BookOne 例题 Allsortsofgrain verywellbecausethesoilhereisfat A profitB thriveC prosperD succeed 句意 这儿的土壤很肥沃 庄稼都长得很好 prosperv C prosper BookOne dryup withalossofmoisture枯萎 消失同义词 shrivel shrinke g Thecoldwitheredtheleaves 严寒使树叶凋落 Thegrapeswitheredonthevine 葡萄藤上的葡萄都枯萎了 2 losefreshness vigor orvitality黯淡无光 没有生命力近义词 fadee g Allotherlaurelswitherbeforehers 所有荣誉和她获得的相比都黯然失色 Removeanoldtreeanditwillwithertodeath 老树移栽活不了 老人迁居命不长 withervi BookOne 例题 Theoncebeautifulflowersinthevasehad A witheredB ripenedC tottedD matured句意 花瓶里美丽的花朵枯萎了 A withered withervi BookOne n ashelterservingasaplaceofsafetyorsanctuary避难所 庇护所 港湾近义词 refuge sheltere g Theyhavemadetheirhomeahavenforthehomelessorphans 他们把自己的家变成了无家可归的孤儿们的避难所 Theborderregionwasanaturalhavenforfugitives 边境地区曾是逃犯们的天然避难所 v toshelter protect庇护e g Youshouldn thavenyourchildifhehasreallymadesomemistakes 如果你的小孩真的做了什么错事的话你就不应该庇护他 haven BookOne 1 formalandexplicitapproval officialpermissionorapproval 正式的 认可 核准 认许近义词 countenance endorsement authorizatione g Thebookwastranslatedwithoutthesanctionoftheauthor 这本书未经作者许可就给翻译了 TheministercanonlyactinthismatterwiththesanctionofParliament 部长只有得到国会批准才能就此事采取行动 2 amechanismofsocialcontrolforenforcingasociety sstandards制定 制裁 规则e g Westernnationsimposedtoughsanctionsonthecountry 西方各国对这个国家实行了严厉制裁 administrativesanction行政制裁officialsanction官方的认可 同意 sanctionn BookOne UsefulExpressions BookOne 1 supplyfood originalmeaning 供应伙食2 meetsomebody sneeds tosomeone staste迎合 的需要 合 的口味 e g Seriousnewspapersdonotcatertopeople sloveofscandal 严肃报纸不去迎合人们对丑闻的爱好 Ourliteratureandartoughttocatertopopulartaste 我们的文艺必须为大众所喜闻乐见 Nowautomotiveengineersarecateringtobuyerswhoalsowanttheirbigcarstostartandstoponadime 目前汽车工程师正在想办法迎合买主 这些买主要他们的大车能在极短的距离内起步和停住 caterto BookOne 强加于 强迫 接受forcesomethingonsomebodyforceone sideas viewsonsb 使某人勉强接受自己的意见e g Youshouldn tforcefoodonchildren 你不应该强迫孩子吃东西 Iforcedasmileonmyface 我强颜欢笑 Don tforceyourthoughtsonme forceon BookOne wantsomethingforalongperiod渴望得到 热切希望近似于hankerfore g Thiswetsummermakeshimhankerafteraholidayinthesun 潮湿多雨的夏天使他渴望度一个阳光明媚的假期 Lucyhadalwayshankeredafteraplaceofherown 露西一直都渴望拥有自己的住处 Ihankeredforagoodcupofcoffee 我真想喝一大杯咖啡 hankerafter BookOne 1 near closeinspace withinreach附近e g Helivescloseathand 他住在附近 Ihaven tmyphotographalbumathand butI llshowittoyoulater 我的照簿不在手边 以后我再拿给你看 2 closeintime abouttooccur临近e g Electiondayisathand 大选之日马上就要到来 Myexamsareathand 我的考试马上就要开始了 athand BookOne 译文 1美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质 我们渴求宽敞的场地 我们喜欢探索 喜欢制定规章制度 却不愿去遵守 在当今时代 却很难找到一块空间 可以供你任意驰骋 又不必担心影响你的邻居 2确实有这样一个空间 那就是信息空间 这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地 但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有 包括少年儿童 轻佻的单身汉 美籍匈牙利人 会计等 问题是他们都能和睦相处吗 人们是否会因为害怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀 BookOne 3首先要解决的问题是 什么是信息空间 我们可以抛开高速公路 前沿新领域等比喻 把信息空间看作一个巨大的庄园 请记住 庄园是人们智慧的结晶 是合法的 人工营造的氛围 它建立在土地之上 在庄园里 公园和商业中心 红灯区与学校 教堂与杂货店都能区分开来 4你可以用同样的方法把信息空间想像为一个巨大的 无边无际的虚拟庄园 其中有些房产为私人拥有并已租出 有些是公共场所 有的场所适合儿童出入 而有些地方人们最好避开 不幸的是 正是这些应该避开的地方使得人们心向神往 这些地方教唆你如何制造炸弹 为你提供淫秽材料 告诉你如何窃取信用卡 所有这些使信息空间听起来像是一个十分肮脏的地方 正直的公民纷纷作出这样的结论 最好对它严加管理 BookOne 5但是 在利用规章制度来反击下流之举之前 关键是从根本上理解信息空间的性质 恶棍并不能在信息空间抢走毫无提防之心的儿童 信息空间也不像一台巨大的电视机 向不情愿的观众播放令人作呕的节目 在信息空间这座庄园里 用户对他们所去之处 所见所闻 所做所为都要作出选择 一切都出于自愿 换句话说 信息空间是个出入自便的地方 实际上 信息空间里有很多可去之处 人们不能盲目上网 必须带着具体的目标上网 这意味着人们可以选择去哪个网址 看什么内容 不错 规章制度应该在群体内得以实施 但这些规章制度必须由信息空间内各个群体自己来制定 而不是由法庭或华盛顿的政客们来制定 6信息空间之所以具有如此大的诱惑力 正是因为它不同于商场 电视 公路或地球上的其他地方 那么 让我们来描述一下这个空间 BookOne 7首先 信息空间里人与人之间可以进行电子邮件