非谓语动词的用法.doc

非谓语动词一、动词不定式（重点）1、动词不定式的用法1）作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well. 说明动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型： It is + adj.+ 动词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb. It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth.2）作表语 My wish is to become a teacher.3）作宾语 Most of us like to watch football matches.4）作宾语补足语 He told me to be here on time.5）作定语 I have nothing to say about that thing.6）作状语 He stopped to have a look.说明 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成 例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) 3、省to 的动词不定式1）使役动词 let, have, make：2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. B. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do 【难点】4、不定式的特殊句型： 1）tooto：太而不能 He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? Why not take a holiday?4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 5、不定式的难点： 1）用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; devote oneself to 献身于；be/get used to 习惯等等。 2）Its for sb.和 Its of sb.二、动词的-ing形式：1动词的-ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。She cant help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。说明 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, cant help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。6）动名词作定语：动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，例如： a smiling face 笑脸 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐车2动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。 2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。 3比较：1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构，因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。2）区别动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。3）接不定式或动名词，意义相同： begin to do begin doing start to do start doing continue to do continue doing4）动名词与不定式语义不同 ：A. stop to do stop doing B. forget to do forget doing C. remember to do remember doing D. try to do try doing E. go on to do go on doing F. be afraid to do be afraid doing 【基础练习】选择最佳答案 1. Dont forget _ the letter. A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow? A. this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it. A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk. A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking8. He _ two million yuan _a vase at the auction.A. spent, buy B. cost, buying C. paid, buy D. spent, buying9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him10. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 11. _ is one thing, _ is quite another. A. To say, to do B. Say, do C. Said, did D. To say, do12. Ill try _ the same mistakes again. A. to not make B. not make C. not to make D. not making13. Its too hard _ it by himself. A. not to do B. to do C. that I do D. doing 14. Its time for sports. Lets _bowling, shall we? A.go B.to go C.going D.goes 15. Mr Zhou, youd better_ too much sugar. You are already overweight, said the doctor. A.not to eat B.to eat C.not eat D.eat【提高题】选择题。1. The doctor came_ our eyes. A. to examine B. for examining C. as to examine D. examining2. Our teacher always makes us _ hard. A. to work B. work C. working D. worked3. _ our classroom once a week is necessary A. Cleaning B. Clean C. Cleaned D. To clean4. _ is our duty _ good service to customers A. That, to give B. This, giving C. It, to give D. It, giving5. It took years_ the highrise. A. for our building B. for us in building C. to build D. building6. Their wish is _ a house of their own. A. to have B. for having C. have D. of having7. The teacher agreed _ us_ the test papers home. A. to let, take B. to let, to take C. letting, take D. let, take8. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _ me his bicycle.A. lending B. lent C. to lend D. in lending9. I dont like_ people _about their neighbours.A. hear, talking B. to hear, talking C. to hear, to talk D. hearing, talked10. I havent decided _A. to take which train B. which to take a train C. which train to take D. which train taken11. You must remember_ me a phone call as soon as you get there. A. giving B. to give C. gave D. give12. Professor Brown taught his students_ English, and he learned _Chinese from them. A. how to speak, speaking B. how to speak, to speakC. how speaking, speaking D. how speak, to speak13. Sorry, I forgot_ you that the party wouldnt be held tonight. Thats all right. Mary has told me about it.A. telling B. I told C. told D. to tell14. I wonder_ him or not.A. if invite B. whether to invite C to invite D. if to invite15. I hope_ yourself.A. you to manage B. for you to manageC. you managing D. that you can manage16. Would you like _you the way there? Its kind of you. Thank you.A. me showing B. that I showC. me show D. me to show17. The old man said that hed prefer alone in the country rather than live with his son in the city.A. living B. to live C. that he lives D. for him to live 18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 19. Since nobody told her_, she came to our help. A. what she did B. to do what C. what to do D. what she to do20. My aunt showed me _.A. how to make a dress B. how a dress be made C. how making a dress D. how a dress made21. After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she tried_ more exercises_ .A. to find, to do B. finding, to do C. to find, she did D. finding, done22. The policeman told Smith _after drinking. A. to not drive B. not driving C. not drive D. not to drive 23. Tom kept quiet about his mistake_ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to24. Pat should love _ little Jim to the theatre this evening. A. to take B. taking C. that he would take D. for him to take 25. We enjoy _ very much, because it is good for our health.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran26. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_.A. turn it off B. to turn it offC. that I turned it off D. that I should turn it off27. They were very tired and stopped_ under a big tree.A. resting B. to restC. rest D. that they would rest28. Would you mind me the answer to the problem? Not at all.A. that you tell me B. telling C. to tell D. if telling29. He promised_ a doctor for my son.A. me to get B. that he got me C. me getting D. me that he got30. Father told the boy _the dog a few bones after dinner.A. that he gave B. to give C. giving D. gave. 31._that money for his education, his parents worked hard even after their days work.A. For getting B. GetC. So as to get D. In order to get32. I think you are_ meals yourself.A. enough old to cook B. old enough to cookC. old enough for cooking D. enough old cooking33. The maths problem is_ difficult_.A. so, as to work out B. very , to work outC. too, to work out D. quite, worked out34. Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soo