高三语法复习：定语从句.doc

：定语从句（一） 定语从句常见的关系代词和关系副词who 指代人； whom指代人（宾格）； which/that 指代物；that 指代方式, 从句中作方式状语；why 指代原因, 从句中作原因状语；when 指代时间,从句中作时间状语；常跟在先行词time, period，interval, occasion及表时间的词之后;where指代地点, 从句中作地点状语 ；常跟在先行词situation, case, point及地点名词之后.请在横线上填上恰当的关系词。1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.2. Mike wants to work in a country _there are a lot of forest.3. Do you remember the farm _we visited last summer?4. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.5. _is reported, China won thirty-eight gold medals in 2012 London Olympics.6. He missed the show, _was a great pity.7. Many people , some of _are not overweight, are going on a diet.8. Look at the man and the horse _are running down the road.9. He didnt tell me the reason _ he got home late yesterday.10.I dont like the way _you talk to your mother.【解题要点】找准先行词，分析先行词在从句中所作的成分。请从A,B,C,D中选出最佳答案。1.If a shop has chairs _women can park their men，women will spend more time in the shop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where2. Everyone has periods in their lives, _everything seems very hard.A.whenB.whereC. whichD. that3. I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault.A.whoB.that C. asD. what4.Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently. A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where5.Many children, _parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.A.whichB.whose C.thatD.whom6. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A.that B.whichC.who D. where（二）that与which的区别。1.只用that而不用 which的情况a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时。 b) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时。 c) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级。d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 2.用which而不用 that的情况a）在引导非限定性定语从句时。b) 介词后不能用。【即学即用】在横线上填上that 或which1.Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. 2.My friend showed me round the town , _was vey kind of him.3. I kept the first letter_I got from him.4.J.K. Roling wrote a lot of novels , most of _are best sellers.5. We talked about the teachers and interesting things_ we could remember in the primary school.（三）as引导的定语从句1.as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as; soas结构中。He is not the same man as he was.She is such a lovely girl as is loved by everyone.2.常用句型：as is known to all, as is said/reported/known, as I expect 等。As is expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 3.引导非限制性定语从句时,as与which的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as； 当主句和从句语义不一致时，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。Sunyang won two gold medal , as we expected.He cheated in the exam, which surprised us.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.1. _is often the case, John turned up 30 minutes later for the meeting.A. WhichB. ThatC. AsD. What2. “Ungelivable” is so new an English word coined on the Internet_is forbidden to appear in official media at present.A. thatB. whichC. itD. as3.Whenever I met her , _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A.who B.which C.whenD.that4.As a child , Jack studied in a village school , _is named after his grandfather.A.which B.whereC.what D.that（四）引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。【解题要点】1. 关系词的选定取决于先行词。2. 注意介词与名词；介词与动词的搭配。请从A,B,C,D中选出最佳答案。1.She brought with her three friends, none of_I had ever met before.A.them B.who C.whom D.these2.The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.A.that B.it C.what D.which3.Wind power is an ancient source of energy_we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C.to which D.from which (五)复杂的定语从句【解题要点】1.找准先行词。 2.分析在从句中的所做的成分1. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere_allows her students to communicate freely with each other.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who2.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that3. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school_ I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who B. where C. when D. which4. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_ she would stay for an hour.A. where B. who C. which D.what5. -Where did you lose your key? -It is in the restaurant _we had lunch last night. A. that B. which C. where D. what1.Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of_she spoke fluently.A. who B. whomC. which D. that2. L is a free site_visitors can not just learn languages but also chat online.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what3. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A. what B. whoseC. which D. that4.- Where did you buy this beautiful skirt? - It was in the shop _ my mother is working.A. thatB. whichC. wherD. what5. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whomB. in them C. of whomD. of them6. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_ help I would never have got this far.A.whoB. whoseC. whomD. which7. I still keep it in memory that there was a time _ I hated to be asked to greet others as a child. A. that B. which C. whereD. when8. His teacher is the only one _ he can turn when he is in trouble.A. in whom B. to whom C. for whom D. from whom9.The air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. that B. it C. as D. what10.I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. where C. howD. why【提高练习】从A,B,C,D中选出最佳选项。1. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A. themB. whoC. whomD. these2 My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.A. which B. thatC. where D. as3. The school shop, _customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.A. whichB. whoseC. when D. where4.-Where did you get to know her?-It was on the farm _ we worked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where5.-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.A. as B. which C.where D. that6.-What do you think of teaching, Bob?-I find it fun and challenging . It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B. which C.when D.that7.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.those8. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. whoB. whomC. whose D. whoever9.All the neighbors admire this family，_the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.where C.which D.that10.After graduation she reached a point in her career_she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where11.Chans restaurant on Baker Street,_ used to be poorly run，is now a successful business.A.thatB.which C.who D.where12.He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University.A.after whichB.after that C.in which D.in that13 Life is like a long race_we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. whichB. what C. that D. where14.-Is that the small town you often refer to?-Right，just the one_you know I used to work for years.( 1 ) 定语从句I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词Who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?Whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatWhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.Whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. That人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.Which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.As人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. As做宾语一般不省略关系副词When时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichWhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. That与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时5 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6 句中已经有who时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的