2010年12月大学英语四级押题试卷.doc

评分说明：模考主要是帮助大家考前检验自己的复习程度以及是否能在规定时间内完成考题，主观题部分因为采用机器评分没有人工那么智能，所以还请大家自己核对一下答案。2010年12月大学英语四级押题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 点明写信的目的并且对个人情况作简要介绍2. 申请助学贷款的原因及数额3. 你的还款打算Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4 mark:Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.ObesityHow does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height/weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a persons height and weight. The “Body Mass Index” (BMI) is calculated by dividing the persons weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.524.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityOver 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that “persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender”. This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a persons physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 (“mature onset diabetes”) and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.CancerFurthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen（雌激素） and progesterone（黄体激素）, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a womans menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary（久坐的） her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingResearch published by St Thomas Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a womans biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a womans biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny “caps” on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the “chromosomal clock” because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.Dementia（痴呆）Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.Other ProblemsThe world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional “palpation” examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obesea growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height/weight table.2. Using the “Body Mass Index” to define a persons weight ideal, because it takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.3. A persons emotional well-being will not affected by obesity.4. Obesity has nothing to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have _. 6. An non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to _. 7. The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to _.8. Obese people in middle age run _.9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to _ that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, will possibly _.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 11、A She brought her sweater along in case it is getting cold. B She doesnt think the weather is cold enough. C She agrees that the weather wasnt supposed to be so cold. D She believes it is a good day to play football. 12、A The tournament begins next week. B She hopes the man will be able to play in the tournament. C She wants the man to attend the tournament with her. D The man should check with his doctor again. 13、A Shed rather go swimming than hiking. B She needs to buy a canoe before the trip. C Shed like to go although she has little experience. D She doesnt enjoy camping. 14、A She would like to see the man in formal dress. B She believes the mans suit is appropriate for this occasion. C The man could dress casually. D Suit and tie are recommended for tonights reunion. 15、A Lend the man some money. B Calculate the bill again. C Refuse to pay the bill. D Invite the man to dinner. 16、A He works in a hair salon. B He decided to grow his hair longer. C He plans to get his hair cut. D He has a new hairstyle. 17、A Mike will host the party tonight. B She met Mike just now. C She will go to the party with Mike tomorrow night. D Mike could not attend the party. 18、A People often ask her to play the song. B She hasnt been playing the piano long. C She doesnt know the song well enough to play it. D Not many people know the song. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19、A Working over time as a librarian. B Writing papers for his classes. C Meeting with his professors. D Doing extra work in the chemistry lab. 20、A Do his research on closely related topics. B Spend more time in the library. C Write just one paper for all his classes. D Drop one of his courses. 21、A She doesnt need any help. B She knows hes very busy. C Hes already helped her enough. D He doesnt know enough chemistry. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22、A Yesterday morning. B Yesterday noon. C Yesterday afternoon. D Yesterday evening. 23、A He doesnt have good qualifications. B His resume hasnt outlined his past in a proper way. C He is not nervous when taking an interview. D He always thinks that the interviewer is like an enemy. 24、A He should outline his past better. B He should send his resume directly to the manager. C He should create a new area in his resume called “value offered”. D He neednt write different resume to different employers. 25、A A shipping company. B A consulting company. C An accounting company. D A headhunting company.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26、A Two years. B Long-term goals. C Current activities. D The goals that have been completed. 27、A We will win final success. B We are overwhelmed. C We should build up confidence of success. D We have strong desire for setting new goals. 28、A If we complete our short term goals. B If we cannot reach solid short-term goals. C If we write down the dates. D If we put forward some plans. Passage TwoQuestions 29to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29、A Warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience. B Advice young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer. C Show young people its unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame. D Encourage young people to pursue a writing career. 30、A He wasnt able to produce a single book. B He hadnt seen a change for the better. C He wasnt able to have a rest for a whole year. D He found his dream would never come true. 31、A Good writers often find their work interesting and rewarding. B Writers success depends on luck rather than on effort. C Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation. D The chances for a writer to become successful are small. Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32、A It looks attractive. B It tastes delicious. C It is not expensive. D They want to imitate their heroes. 33、A It is too fatty. B It is full of sugar. C It contains little protein. D It is filled with preservatives. 34、A He forbids his children to eat junk food. B He and his wife dont eat junk food. C He believes being a vegetarian helps him keep fit. D He sometimes serves meat and potatoes to the kids. 35、 A Potato chips. B Cola. C Spinach. D Cookies. Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.American cities are _36_ to other cities around the world. In every country, cities _37_ the values of the culture. Cities contain the very best aspects of a society: _38_ for education, employment, and entertainment. They also contain the very worst parts of a society: violent crime, racial _39_, and poverty. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.After World War II, city _40_ became wealthier, more _41_. They had more children. They needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the _42_, areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American dream was to have a house in the suburbs.Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in 1950s are now adults. They, _43_ their parents, want to live in the cities. _44_ Many are single; others are marries, but often without children. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; _45_ A new class is moving into the city a wealthier, more mobile class._46_. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure: Many dying cities are alive again.Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Forest is a complex ecosystem in which trees are the dominant life form. Tree-dominated forests can occur wherever the temperatures rise above 50F(10) in the warmest months and the annual _47_ is more than 8 inches (200mm). They can develop under various conditions within these limits, and the kind of soil, plant, and animal life differs according to the extremes of environmental influences. In cool, high-latitude subpolar regions, taiga forests are dominated by _48_ conifers（针叶松）. In more temperate high-latitude climates, mixed forests of both conifers and broad-leaved deciduous trees _49_ . Broad-leaved deciduous forests develop in midlatitude climates. In humid equatorial climates, tropical rain forests develop. There heavy rainfall supports evergreens that have broad leaves instead of the needle leaves of cooler evergreen forests. Forests are among the most complex ecosystems in the world, with extensive vertical layering. Conifer forests have the simplest structure: a tree layer, a shrub layer that is _50_ or even absent, and a ground layer covered with lichens, mosses, and liverworts. Deciduous forests are more complex (the tree canopy is divided into an upper and lower story), and rain-forest canopies are divided into at least three layers. The forest is natures most efficient ecosystem, with a high rate of _51_ affecting both plant and animal systems in complex organic relationships.Rain forest is lush forest, generally composed of tall, broad-leaved trees and usually found in wet tropical regions around the equator. Depending on the amount of annual rainfall, the trees may be evergreens or mainly deciduous. The former require more water. Soil conditions vary with location and climate, though most rain-forest soils tend to be permanently moist and not very _52_ , because the hot, humid weather causes organic matter to decompose rapidly and to be absorbed quickly by tree roots and fungi. Rain forests have many vertical layers of plant and animal development. The highest plant layer, the tree canopy, _53_ to heights of 100-165 feet (30-50m). Animals there mostly feed and escape from predators among leaves and branches. The next highest layer is filled with small trees. Above the ground surface the space is occupied by tree branches, twigs, and _54_ . Many species of animals live in the undergrowth. Contrary to popular belief, the rain forest floor is not impassable, being bare except for a thin layer of humus and fallen leaves. Anim