初一年级上学期8BUnit13重点词组.doc

初二年级下学期（8B）Unit 1-3重 点 词 组in fact 事实上 get married 结婚 move out of 搬出 turn into 变成light rail 轻轨 play Chinese chess 玩中国象棋 noise pollution 噪音污染 the closing of the old airport 旧机场的关闭take off 起飞 land safely 安全着陆feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤独 from time to time 不时的 used to be 过去常常 cause problems 引起问题bring many benefits 带来很多好处lose ones living areas 失去居住地the whole day 整天 as soon as一就even though 尽管look cute 看上去可爱so that如此以至于a fast-food restaurant 一家快餐店like apple pies best 最喜欢苹果派clap our hands 拍手march across the park 行进穿过公园cant stop taking photos不能停止拍照jump out of it从里面跳出来a shiny golden silk dress一件闪光的金色丝裙match well with搭配的好the bow on her left ear 她左耳上的蝴蝶结wave to the visitors 向游客挥手the city center of Tokyo东京市中心have some Japanese food吃些日本菜show them to you把它们给你看remote control 遥控change the channel 换频道search for information 搜索信息word processing文字处理send and receive e-mails发送接受电子邮件write computer program写电脑程序at the same time同时the all-time favourite game空前受欢迎的游戏the main character主角lie on the grass 躺在草地上earn a point 得一分play the role of 扮演的角色be sold out卖完a set of keys 一组键floppy disk 软盘a short. movable line一条短的移动的线a flat piece of plastic 一薄片塑料hard disk 硬盘a lot of memory 许多内存a famous indoor theme park 一个著名的室内主题公园dance to the music so beautifully 和着音乐优美地跳舞a thirteen-year-old boy named 一个叫的13岁小男孩move the cursor on the screen在屏幕上移动光标test your knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary 测试你英语语法和词汇的知识语 法 精 讲1. He used to live in the Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong. 他过去住在香港的九龙城。used to do something.和be used to doing something.used to do 表示“过去常常做某事”如：I used to get up at 6 oclock. But now I often get up at 7 oclock.My grandmother used to be a history teacher in a middle school. be used to doing something表示“习惯于做某事”如：We are used to reading English very early in the morning.Are you used to living in Beijing now?be used to do 表示被“用来做某事”，主语常常是物。A knife is used to cut something.Mobile phones are used to communicate with other people. 2. We lived together until 1960 when I got married. 我们一起住直到1960年我结婚。get married 表示“结婚”。如：I got married in 1997.marry 可作为及物动词。如：She always wants to marry a rich man.What kinds of men do you want to marry?3. Has the place changed a lot? 那个地方变化大么？*Change为不及物动词，意思是“变化”。如：Things have changed a lot in Suzhou.All of my classmates have changed during these years.* change into 表示“变成某物”。如：He tried to change iron into gold. Water changes into steam after it boils.* change 作为名词。如：Lets go to a restaurant for a change. Great changes have taken place in China.4. The noise was terrible when the plane took off.当飞机起飞的时候，噪音是很可怕的。Take off的意思是“起飞”；land的意思是“降落”。Take off 还有另一个意思，脱下（衣服）。如：Youd better take off your coat because its too hot.5. Many of them have moved to other areas and I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 他们中的很多人已经搬到了另外的地方，有时我觉得有点孤单。Lonely的意思是“孤独的，寂寞的”。alone的意思是“独自一人”。如：The old man lived alone but he never felt lonely.Dont feel lonely. You have our support.from time to time意为“时不时，时而”，等于at times, sometimes。a bit意为“有一点点”，修饰形容词。如：a bit lonely 有一点孤单a bit of用来修饰名词。如：a bit of music 一点音乐6. 现在完成时现在完成时由助动词have/has后面跟过去分词组成。现在完成时的两种用法。（a）一直继续到现在的动作和情况。我们经常用简单的现在完成时来表示过去开始的动作和情况，这个动作和情况一直延续到现在。I have lived in Greece since 1976.We have known each other for a long time.(b)已经完成的动作和事情 现在完成时常常用来表示已经全部完结的，过去的动作和事情，只是在过去的事情对现在仍有意思是才这么用。The President has been assassinated. (The president is dead now)I cant go on holiday because I have broken my leg. (My leg is broken.)现在完成时常常与不定的时间副词或表示时间的词组连用。如；ever, never; before; yet; already; all this year; all my life; so far; during the 20th century; recently; lately; since; for 等等请注意，since 后面跟着提到某一点时间。而for后面跟着提到一段时间。She has worked here since 1948. She has worked here for more than 50 years.7. I was excited even though we had to wait for two hours before we could get into the house.尽管我们在进入房子以前不得不等上两个小时，我还是很兴奋的。even though 尽管，如：Even though its hard work, I enjoy it.Tom tries his best to study English even though he isnt interested in it.excited: 感到兴奋的，主语是人。exciting: 另人兴奋的，主语是物。如：a piece of exciting news类似的还有：interesting; interested ；surprising; surprised 等等 8. She danced so beautifully that everyone screamed.她跳地如此的好以至于每个人都尖叫起来。sothat的意思是“如此以至于”。如： It was so hard that we had to stop the game. Everything there was so beautiful that I wanted to live in it. The box is so heavy that no one can move it. He ran so fast that other students couldnt follow him.so 后面跟的是形容词或者副词9. Mum and I went to Hello Kittys house as soon as we arrived. 妈妈和我一到就去了Hello Kitty的小屋。 As soon as 意为“一就”。如： All of us screamed as soon as we saw the famous star. We started to take photos as soon as we got there. 当主句是将来时时，as soon as 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。 I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. Please write to me as soon as you get to Shanghai. You can see a lovely bag as soon as you open that box.10. 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或发生的事，或者表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。1）过去进行时的基本结构是，was/were+现在分词，否定句是was/were not+现在分词，疑问句是 was/were调到主语前面。如：I was doing my homework at 9 yesterday evening.My parents were watching TV at this time yesterday.2）连词when , while与过去进行时。A. 当两个延续性动作同时进行时，可以在两个句子中都用过去进行时，并用“while”把它们连接起来。如：My mother was cooking while my father was reading newspapers.He was sleeping while we were playing cards.B.当延续性动作进行的过程中发生了短暂性动作，可以用“when”或”while”来连接这两个动作，较长的动作用过去进行时表示，较短的动作用一般过去时表示， “when”和 “while”都可以和延续性动词连用，但短暂性动词只能和 “when” 连用。如：When mother came home, I was cleaning my bedroom. (我们不能用while替换when, 因为come是一个短暂性动词)When Simon arrived, Millie was reading a book.The phone rang while I was having my breakfast.Hello Kitty waved to the visitors while she was dancing to the music.11. He is a thirteen-year-old boy who loves traveling. 他是一个喜欢旅游的十三岁的小男孩。 a thirteen-year-old boy的意思为“一个十三岁的男孩”。 thirteen-year-old是一个合成的形容词，year不必用复数，并且这个词一般只能放在名词前面，而thirteen years old则是一个短语，一般放在be动词后面，如：He is 13 years old. 从“They have a six-month-old baby at home.”这句话中，我们可以知道“The baby is six months old.”。 与此类似的结构：a two-thousand-word letter；a ten-day journey12. How often do you use your computer to search for information? 你多久一次用你的电脑搜索信息？ 意思是查找信息，search for 的宾语一般为查找的对象，而不是被查找的人或场所，而search的宾语为被查找的人或场所。如：The police searched the woods for the lost child.13. A new educational CD-ROM called “Around the world in Eight Hours” has just come out. 一个新的叫做“八小时环游世界”的教育光盘刚刚发行了。Come out在句中的意思是“发行”，此外，come out还有很多不同的含义如：* 出现：The stars came out as soon as it was dark. * 传开：The news came out that the king was very ill.* （照片）冲印：The photos I took didnt come out.* 结果是： The answer to the sum came out wrong.14. You will play the role of Itchy Feet. 你将扮演“痒痒脚”的角色。play the role: 扮演的角色 play 可以组成很多动词词组，如： play cards：We often meet in the new park to play cards and Chinese chess. play football: Do you like playing football? play the piano: She is good at playing the piane. play jokes on: On April Fools Day, we play jokes on our friends and family members.play with fire It is very dangerous to play with fire, children!15被动语态1）结构和含义：“Be + 过去分词”表示“被”。 通常在被动结构后还可接“by + 行为主体”，说明什么人或什么东西做了某事。如：- What is this jumper made of? - Its made of wool. - 这件套头衫是什么料的？ - 它是用羊毛做成的。 I was asked to meet the head of that company. 我被叫去见见那家公司的领导。 Thousands of beaches are polluted. 几千处海滩被污染了。 The door was broken by the naughty boy. 门被那个调皮的男孩弄破了。 The door was broken by a stone. 门被一块石头打破了。2）不使用被动语态的动词：系动词、happen、take place、sell well、hang（挂）等。如：This sweater feels soft. 这件毛衣感觉上去软软的。When did the traffic accident happen? 这起交通事故是什么时候发生的？Im glad to hear that the cameras made in our factory are selling well now.我高兴地听说我们厂生产的照相机如今的销路很好。 Whose coat is hanging here? 谁的外套挂在了这儿？3）有些词组使用到被动语态中会发生变化。如，make somebody do something（使某人干某事），let somebody do something（让某人干某事），see somebody do something（看见某人干某事），hear somebody do something（听见某人干某事）等。以上这些短语在被动语态中均必须把第二个动词由原形变为动词不定式形式。如：The joke made me laugh. 改为被动形式是：I was made to laugh by the joke.People often see him beat his son. 改为被动形式是：He is often seen to beat his son.16. I spend about two hours a day doing my homework. 我一天花大约两个小时做回家作业。 spend (in) doing something 意思是“花（时间、钱）干某事”，后面的动词必须使用动词的ing形式，介词in可省略。另外，spend on something 意思是“在某事/某物上花（时间、钱）”。有时，两者可以替换使用。如：My mother spends an hour (in) cooking supper every day. My mother spends an hour on supper every day. 我妈妈每天花一小时烧晚饭。 How much will you spend (in) decorating your new house? How much will you spend on your new house? 你要在装修新房上花多少钱？另外，用于表达“花（时间）干某事”的，还有句型“It takes somebody (一段时间) to do something.”; 用于表达“花（钱）干某事”的，还有句型“something costs somebody (钱)” “it costs somebody (钱) to do something”或“pay (钱) for something”。如：It takes my mother an hour to cook supper every day. How much will your new house cost you? How much will it cost you to decorate your new house? I will pay much for my new house.典 例 解 析1. I have already _ the magazine for 2 weeks. I must return it to the library today.A.lent B. bought C. borrowed D. kept解析：答案选D。这是一句现在完成时的句子，表示过去开始持续到现在的行为，for 表示一段时间，后接时间长度，本句的意思应为：这本杂志我已经借了两个星期了。在这样的时间状语为“for+时间长度”的句子里，谓语动词要有可持续性，而不能为短暂性动词，因此，本题只能选D。因为“lent”, “bought”, “borrowed”均为短暂性动词，且 “bought”, “lent” 与句义不符。故选D。下面列出一些短暂性动词的持续性表达：arrive-be in borrow-keep buy-have fall ill-be illjoin-be in leave-be away from begin-be on die-be dead等等2. -Where are the children?- They _ to Beijing.A. have been B. have gone C. have left D. have arrived解析：答案选B。本题首先可排除C，D选项。“离开此地去北京”为“leave for Beijing”, “到达北京”为 “arrive in Beijing”. 然后再看A，B 选项，“ have been to” 意思是“去过某地”，表示曾经去过某地，现在已经回来或到其他地方，目前人已不在那里。 “have gone to”意思是“去了某地“， 表示人正去那里或已在去那里的途中。本题中，孩子们不在说话人所在的地方，所以应该选择B， 表示他们已经去了北京或在去北京的途中。故选B。3. - _ has he taught English in this school?-For 2 years.A. How long B. When C. How soon D. How often解析：答案选A。“How long” 问的是“一段时间”，这句话的意思是，他在这所学校教英语多久了，回答为“两年了。”How long”可与现在完成时一起用。”When” 问的是一个时间点，可以和将来时，过去时连用，有时也可以和进行时放在一起用，但“When”不能和完成时一起使用。”How soon” 意思是“多久以后”，用在将来时前面，而“How often” 问的是一个频率，可解释为 “多久一次”，回答多为“Once a week.” “Twice a month”等等。故选A。4. -Do you still write to your friends these days?No. But I used _ that when I was at school.A. do B. did C. to doing D. to do解析：答案选D。本题设计到“used”的几个不同用法，”be used to doing sth.”表示 “习惯于做某事”， “used to do sth.” 表示“过去常常做某事”，而 “be used to do sth.”则表示“被用来做某事”，主语多为“sth.”.本题 “used”前面没有be动词，再加上说的是过去我在学校里的事情，所以采用 “used to do sth.”这个词组，整句话的意思就是，当我在学校里的时候，我常常那么做。故选D。5. She was very _ at the _ news.A. surprised; surprising B. surprised; surprisedC. surprising; surprised D. surprising; surprising解析：答案选。“be surprised at sth.” 表示“对感到惊奇”，主语是“somebody”,“surprising”表示“令人惊奇的”,主语多为 “something”, 句子的意思是，她对“这个令人惊奇的消息感到很惊奇”。与此想类似的词语还有一些，如“exciting 另人激动的”，“excited感到激动”，又如“interesting 有趣的”，“interested 感兴趣的”等等。故选A。6. _ he is only a five-year-old boy, he knows a lot about Chinese history.A. Although B. Because C. Since D. But解析：答案选。“Although”意思是“尽管，虽然”，填入符合题意，虽然在中文里“虽然但是”常成对使用，但在英语中，“although”和 “but”不可同时使用，一句句子里，用了 “although”就不用“but”，用了 “but”就不用 “although”,同理的还有 “because”和 “so”。C选项since 有 “自从”的意思，也有“因为”的意思，本题中，B，C，D填入句子都无逻辑关系。故选A。7. The girl sat in the corner _ quietly _ none of us noticed she was there.A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. very; that解析：答案选C。“sothat”的意思是“如此以至于”，“so”修饰形容词或副词，而 “that”后面带一个从句。A选项中， “such”应该修饰名词，B选项中