专业英语试卷.doc

化学工程与工艺专业英语 考试试题学校：南华大学 学院：化学化工学院考试年级：09级 考试专业：精细化工 考试日期：2011.11 考试时间：120分钟 学号：20094540106 姓名：庄传明 一：Put the following into Chinese: （15分）1.petrochemical 2.sulphuric 3.pharmaceutical 4.fine chemical 5.carbonate 6.spin off 7Mould 8.flow sheet 9. make up 10. free radical mechanism 二：Put the following into English（第一个字母已给出）：（15分） 1.无机的，无机物的 i 2.农药，杀虫剂 P 3.内在的，本质的 i 4.有益的，有益健康 S 5.甘油，丙三醇 g 6.氢氧化物 h 7.蛋白质 p 8.单程，非循环 O 9.成功（短语） p 10.转变（短语） t三：put the following sentence into Chinese:（30分）1. Although the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. 2. Note, however, that there has been a major change in recent years as academic institutions have increasingly turned to industry for research funding, with the result that much more of their research effort is mow devoted to more applied research. 3. Chemical engineers study ways to reduce operating costs by saving energy, cutting raw material consumption, and reducing production of off-specification products that require reprocessing. 4. When the sales engineer discovers problems that cannot be handled with confidence, he or she must be able to call on the expertise of specialists. 5.In addition to the other reactions occurring , the oxygen in the air reacts with hydrogen to give water , leaving a mixture with close to the ideal 3:1 ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen with no contaminating oxygen. 四：Put the following paragraph into Chinese:(30分) One of the main reasons for the rapid growth of the chemical industry in the developed world has been its great commitment to, and investment in research and development (R&D). A typical figure is 5% of sales income, with this figure being almost doubled for the most research intensive sector, pharmaceuticals（药物）. It is important to emphasize that we are quoting percentages here not of profits but of sales income, i.e. the total money received, which has to pay for raw materials, overheads, staff salaries, etc. as well. In the past this tremendous investment has paid off well, leading to many useful and valuable products being introduced to the market. Examples include synthetic polymers like nylons and polyesters（聚酯）, and drugs and pesticides. Although the number of new products introduced to the market has declined significantly in recent years, and in times of recession the research department is usually one of the first to suffer cutbacks（消减）, the commitment to R&D remains at a very high level.The chemical industry is a very high technology industry which takes full advantage of the latest advances in electronics and engineering. Computers are very widely used for all sorts of applications（混合物）, from automatic control of chemical plants, to molecular（分子） modeling of structures of new compounds, to the control of analytical instruments in the laboratory.manufacturing plants have capacities ranging from just a few tones per year in the fine chemicals area to the real giants in the fertilizer（大企业） and petrochemical （石化部门）sectors which range up to 500,000 tonnes. The latter requires enormous capital（首都，资金） investment, since a single plant of this size can now cost $520 million! This, coupled with the widesp