2020高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars教学案 新人教版必修3.doc

unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars三言两语1china sent up its first satellite completely designed and built by middle school students in 20172after a 21hour trip to space, the astronaut landed safely, making china the third country to send a person into space after russia and the usa.3no one knows exactly how the earth began.however, according to a widely accepted theory, it began with a “big bang”1一些科学家宣称他们找到了外星人在天空存在的证据。some scientists claimed that they had found some evidence that aliens existed in space2中国成功把第一位宇航员送往天空的消息曾震惊了整个世界。the news that china had managed to send the first astronaut into space once shocked the whole world.单词拼写应用核心单词1atmosphere n大气层； 气氛2. exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽3thus adv.因此；于是4gentle adj.温和的；文雅的5climate n气候6crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落7pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n漂浮物9system n系统；体系；制度10theory n学说；理论语境运用用所给词的适当形式填空1a truck went out of control and crashed (crash) into the back of a bus.2he found something floating (float) on the lake, which frightened him.3after his journey from abroad，richard jones returned home，exhausted (exhaust)4the old scientist told his students that scientific theories (theory) must be based on facts.5my uncles car caught fire by the road.fortunately, he was pulled (pull) out of the car by a passerby.拓展单词1violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地2like vt.喜欢 prep.像unlike prep.与不同；不像 dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌3harm n& vt.伤害harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的4exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存5puzzle n谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.感到困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的6religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的7 react v反应 reaction n反应；回应 语境运用用所给词的适当形式填空1there was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle) 2last night we had a discussion, which was to become more and more violentfinally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent) 3playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.so there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)4he often says that he doesnt believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others religious freedom.(religion)5do you believe the existence of ghosts? perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)阅读单词1fundamental adj.基本的；基础的2chain n链子；连锁；锁链3dissolve vt.& vi.溶解；解散4multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加5.gravity n万有引力；重力6extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的7solar adj.太阳的；日光的8satellite n卫星；人造卫星9.spaceship n宇宙飞船10mammal n哺乳动物11lessen vi.& vt.减少；减轻12weightlessly adv.失重地(2017浙江卷)mac heard a large vehicle behind him.he pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.停车短语多维应用高频短语1in time及时；终于2prevent.from阻止；制止3now that既然4cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋5lay eggs下蛋6give birth to产生；分娩语境运用(填入一个适当的词)now that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health，we should take effective measures to prevent it from getting from bad to worse.no matter what happens，we must cheer up and try to reduce the pollution.if we keep on，well succeed in time.7in ones turn 轮到某人8watch out for密切注意；当心；提防9depend on依靠；取决于10break out突发；爆发11block out挡住(光线)12get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解13at midnight在午夜语境运用(填入一个适当的词)a fire brokeout in the building last night.luckily，the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire.we were warned to watch out for electricity and gas when cooking our meals.thanks to the firefighters help，we were not injured.they are the men that we can depend on when we are in trouble.句式结构仿写教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1make it adj.for sb. to do this produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.(2018全国卷)我认为我们参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。i think it a good idea to bring a small gift when we attend a dinner party.2.倍数表达法but when i tried to step forward，i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。i devoted three times as much time and energy as i did before，so i believe i will succeed this time.3.now that引导原因状语从句.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.(2018全国卷)既然你对我校这么感兴趣，为什么不来看看呢？now that you are so interested in our school, why not come here and have a look？1harmful adj.有害的(1)be harmful to对有害harmless adj.无害的(2)cause/do harm to .对造成伤害/有害(3)there is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处 the harmful effects of tobacco烟草的害处be harmful to childrens teeth对儿童的牙齿有害基础练习单句语法填空(广东卷)some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.(2019浙江卷)however, no praise from parents also does harm to their selfconfidence.he may not be able to help but theres no harm in asking(ask) him.链接写作一句多译有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度， 这对他们的健康非常有害。 some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful to their health(harmful)some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which does great harm to their health(harm)2exist vi.存在，生存(1)exist in在于exist onlive on靠生存there exist(s) .有(2)existence n存在；实有；生活；生活方式come into existence出现；产生(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的基础练习单句语法填空you cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the little money hes earning.(2019北京卷) a lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing (exist) relationships.(2019江苏卷) so scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist). 链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)scientists have many theories about how the universe started to exist.(高级表达)scientists have many theories about how the universe came into existence/came into being名师点津exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时。3puzzle n谜；难题 vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(1)puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情(2)puzzled adj. 感到困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的(4)puzzlement n困惑a puzzled look迷惑的神色a puzzling question令人疑惑的问题a word puzzle字谜基础练习单句语法填空(四川卷)people have long puzzled about/over how the egyptians moved such large rocks.a.when the little girl was asked such a puzzling (puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.bthis morning, when i was walking on the street, i saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled (puzzle)much to the puzzlement (puzzle) of his mother，he left home without saying a word.链接写作完成句子what puzzles me most (最让我困惑的) is why he manages to get away each time he does something wrong.the cause of fire was a puzzle to the firemen(让消防队员困惑的事情)4in time及时；终于on time准时in no time立刻， 赶快， 马上at a time每次，一次at one time曾经；一度at times有时at no time在任何时候都不，从来没有at the same time同时；尽管如此基础练习单句语法填空 (2018全国卷)i still cant believe what a coincidence it was.im just so glad i was there in time to help (help)my son.a.(浙江卷)it is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.b(陕西卷)the manager wants to see changes in the company, and i am sure he will in time.c(辽宁卷)at no time did they actually break the rules of the game.it was unfair to punish them.(浙江卷)each student is allowed to borrow two books at a time from the school library.链接写作完成句子(全国卷)曾经我甚至感到我父母不理解我，我希望我能自由。at one time, i even felt my parents couldnt understand me so i hoped i could be free from them.(山东卷)常言道， “有志者事竟成”， 我们的努力迟早会有所回报。as a proverb goes, “where there is a will, there is a way.” our efforts will pay off in time5in ones turn轮到某人(1)take turns doing/to do sth.轮流做某事its ones turn (to do sth.)轮到某人(做某事)了 (2)by turns轮流着in turn反过来；依次基础练习单句语法填空at the meeting they took turns to put/putting (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.its my turn to pick (pick) up the kids after school this week.it is our responsibility to take care of our sick mother by turns.链接写作完成句子/句式升级(湖北卷改编)人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。(普通表达)people try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates more problems.(高级表达)people try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problems(非限制性定语从句)6cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋(1)cheer sb.on以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油(2)cheering adj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的(3)cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！burst into cheers突然欢呼起来cheer their sports teams为她们的运动队加油基础练习单句语法填空(天津卷)im thinking of the test tomorrow.im afraid i cant pass this time.cheer up! im sure you will make it.the cheering news made the sad boy cheerful，which made his parents very excited.(cheer)(天津卷)cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)when im feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.(高级表达)when im feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up7教材佳句this produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。句法句式句中为“make itadj.for sb.to do sth.”句型， 其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为for life to develop。(1)makeit形容词/名词that从句makeit形容词/名词to do不定式makeitno good/no use/no value .doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词：make，think，consider，find，feel等。金句推送(北京卷)to make it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。基础练习单句语法填空(山东卷)susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(福建卷)it was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt(adapt) to the new environment abroad.i consider it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it because he is too stubborn.链接写作句式升级(普通表达)i think reading in bed is no good，which does great harm to your eyes.(高级表达)i think it no good reading in bed，which does great harm to your eyes.(形式宾语)8教材佳句but when i tried to step forward，i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。句法句式句中twice as far as.是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。常见的倍数句型：(1).倍数asadj./adv.as.(2).倍数形容词比较级/副词比较级than.(3).倍数the size/length/height/depth/widthof.金句推送(安徽卷)its said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was. 据说该发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错(江苏卷)the electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.the new stadium being built for the 2022 asian games will three times the height(high) of the present one.this famous company has produced twice as much electric vehicles this year as last year.muchmany链接写作一句多译 众所周知，地球是月球的49倍大。as is known to us, the earth is fortynine times as big as the moon.it is known to us that the earth is fortynine times bigger than the moon.what is known to us is that the earth is fortynine times the size of the moon.名师点津表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”。有时我们也用分数、百分数、half等代替倍数。多维训练夯实基础维度1用所给词的正确形式填空1(湖北卷)can you tell the subtle difference between the words “require” and “request”？ i sometimes get puzzled(puzzle) by their meanings.2what is known to us all is that drinking too much is harmful(harm) to your health.3some insects have been found living (live) for several years without any water.4the peoples republic of china came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.5last night, mrs.green had a heart attack.but luckily, the doctor came in time to save(save) her life.维度2在空白处填入一个适当的词6though injured seriously, he tried to cheer up, hoping to make his parents less worried.7getting angry not only does harm to ones health but also has a bad effect on the relationship between people.8whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.9john，as well as his brother was responsible for the loss.10now that we have finished designing, the company, in its turn, should do the constructing work.维度3查缺补漏11she strongly objected to my mothers marriage.surprisingly, my mothers reaction(react) to it was rather calm.12(全国卷)lots of studies have shown that global(globe) warming has already become a very serious problem.13(2017全国卷) now that you are fond of chinese traditional culture, i think this is a great opportunity that cannot be missed.14the conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.15at last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke out at ten this morning.语篇练习提升能力提能一单元话题语篇练根据p2526教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式the earth was just a cloud of dust 1whose future is uncertain after the “big bang”then the dust began to settle into a solid ball which is so 2.violent (violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock, to be in time 3.to produce (produce) many things, which make the earths atmosphere.as the earth cooled down, water began to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful (harm) gases.then life began to develop.many millions of years later, small plants appeared.they multiplied and 5.filled (fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen.land 6animals (animal) followed after the first green plants appeared.then small clever animals spread all 7over the earth.humans developed new means of growing, hunting and moving around.as time went by they covered the earth.now too much carbon dioxide has been put into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 8.escaping (escape) from the earth into space.as a result, the problem of global warming occurs.9.whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10.be solved (solve)提能二单元话题写作练1补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)我们日常生活中到处有险境。there exists danger everywhere in our daily life.上周日，我家附近的一座大楼发生了火灾。las