2020高考英语一轮复习 板块2 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词 第3讲 构词法教学案 新人教版.doc

第3讲构词法全国卷考情分析题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1 (2019全国卷) when they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.2(2018全国卷)to avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. running is cheap, easy and its always energetic(energy)3(2018全国卷) a taste for meat is actually (actual) behind the change: an important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.1给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；2给出动词提示词，填写名词或形容词；3给出名词提示词，填写形容词或动词。短文改错1(2018全国卷)i felt happily that their life had improved.happilyhappy 2(2018全国卷)immediate, i raised my hand.immediateimmediately 3(2017全国卷)it was a relief and i came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.suddenlysudden1形容词和副词的互相错用；2形容词和名词的互相错用；3ed与ing形容词的互相错用。合成法和转化法.单句语法填空1(2019湖北七市联考)flowering in may, peonies large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and (rich) in traditional chinese culture.richness考查名词。空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。2(2019武汉武昌区调研)in fact, it must have a hard struggle to get its (free) from the cocoon.freedom考查名词。空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，所以填名词freedom。3(2019合肥第一次教学质量检测)senior experts from unesco were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect biological system, and creative (combine) of nature and bination考查名词。由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式。4(2019江西五校第一次联考)the united nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human (healthy)health考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。5(2019河南豫北名校质量评估)lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its (taste) beef, soup and noodles.tasty考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词tasty“美味的，可口的”。.单句改错6(2019昆明检测)we shared a moment of cosplay and happy. i even danced with the crowd. happyhappiness考查名词。由“happy”前的“and”可知，此处与cosplay(动漫角色扮演，名词)为并列结构，词性应相同，所以把happy改为happiness。7(2019湖北八校第一次联考)first, we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a happily time with our family. happilyhappy考查形容词。根据该句中的名词time可知，修饰该名词，应用形容词。句意：首先，我们能拜访我们的亲朋好友，或者和家人一起度过快乐的时光。8(2019山东潍坊一模)after all, doing exercise is a good way to keep health. healthhealthy句意：毕竟，锻炼是保持健康的好办法。错误处应该用形容词而非名词作keep的表语，故将health改为healthy。(一)合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词中间需加连字符)。合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词。高中阶段常见的合成形式有：合成名词notebook笔记本；classroom教室；blackboard黑板；teamwork配合；spaceship宇宙飞船；woodcut木刻合成形容词lifelong毕生的；secondhand二手的；manmade人工的；widespread广泛的合成动词underline画底线标出；whitewash粉饰；broadcast广播；download下载(二)转化法不增加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。高中阶段常见的转化形式有：名词动词button纽扣button扣上纽扣形容词动词correct正确的correct改正动词名词feed喂养feed一餐，一顿形容词名词native本地的native本地人副词动词up在上面up提高(三)派生法考点一形容词加ly变为副词的规律单句语法填空1the boy ran quickly(quick)to school.2“whats that？” father shouted angrily(angry)3the little girl is extremely(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.4your composition is badly(bad)organized.please do your writing exercise more attentively(attend)next time.1一般情况加ly。如：realreally；carefulcarefully；politepolitely；quickquickly2“辅音字母y”结尾的，将y改为ily。如：angryangrily；busybusily；heavyheavily3以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probableprobably；possiblepossibly4个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：truetruly5以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basicbasically；energeticenergetically注意有的名词ly形容词，如：friendfriendly；daydaily考点二动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀.单句语法填空1he is rather selfish(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.2the good working condition in the factory is attractive(attract)3he is reliable(rely) so you can depend on him.4they are nervous(nerve) about their first trip abroad.5the flower is harmful(harm) to our health.单句改错6most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balance diet.balancebalanced7i dont think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society.reasonreasonable后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的suitsuitable合适的reasonreasonable有道理的almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的personpersonal个人的；私人的centercentral中央的；中心的naturenatural自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的hopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的ibleaccessaccessible容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible可怕的iveactactive积极的；活跃的effecteffective有效的；生效的attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious忧虑的cautioncautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious好奇的humorhumorous幽默的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy健康的wealthwealthy富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern东方的；向东的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish自私的icsciencescientific科学的economyeconomic经济的historyhistoric历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary想象中的考点三动词变名词的后缀.单句语法填空1annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)2without hesitation(hesitate)，i decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.单句改错3it is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your nouncepronunciation 后缀例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival到来；到达survivesurvival幸存proposeproposal提议；建议anceenceappearappearance出现；外貌guideguidance指引；指导performperformance表演；节目existexistence存在；生存preferpreference偏爱referreference参考；查阅iontionationattractattraction吸引competecompetition比赛；竞争inviteinvitation邀请；请柬graduategraduation毕业expectexpectation期待；期望explainexplanation解释(s)siondiscussdiscussion讨论；辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳；准许入学inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始mentachieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument辩论；论据treattreatment对待；治疗ureturefailfailure失败；故障departdeparture离开；出发presspressure压力mixmixture混合；混合物yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现其他choosechoice选择varyvariety多样化；种类tendtendency趋向；趋势考点四形容词变名词的后缀.单句语法填空1im doing toms job in his absence(absent)2he has the ability(able)to do the job.单句改错3we fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation.strongstrength后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency流利；流畅accurateaccuracy准确性privateprivacy隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自在wisewisdom明智；智慧cedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness粗心大意thgrowgrowth成长；发展strongstrength力气；强项warmwarmth温暖；热情ytyitydifficultdifficulty困难cruelcruelty残酷；残暴safesafety安全disabledisability无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility责任考点五表示人的后缀单句语法填空1the famous actress(act)is dancing with her fans.2we should respect everyone，even a beggar(beg)3my boss is not here.do you like to speak to one of his assistants(assist)?后缀例词erteachteacher老师villagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人(注：cookcooker炉灶，炉具)arlieliar说谎者eeemployemployee受雇者；雇员interviewinterviewee被面试者traintrainee受训练的人；学员orinventinventor发明家actactor男演员educateeducator教育家；教师essactactress女演员godgoddess女神hosthostess女主人；女主持人esechinachinese中国人japanjapanese日本人namericaamerican美国人australiaaustralian澳洲人ianmusicmusician音乐家historyhistorian历史学家politicspolitician政治家；政客istnovelnovelist小说家specialspecialist专家tourtourist旅行者；观光者antserveservant仆人participateparticipant参加者assistassistant助手；图书管理员考点六表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀.单句语法填空1as they couldnt play outdoors，they were unhappy(happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.2people on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest(honest)3informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.单句改错4i know as an excellent guide i should make your journey interesting and meaningless.meaninglessmeaningful前/后缀例词前缀disagreedisagree不同意advantagedisadvantage缺点illegalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合逻辑的impoliteimpolite无礼的patientimpatient不耐烦的informalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的irregularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的misleadmislead误导understandmisunderstand误解nonnonsmoker不吸烟者nonstop直达的unusualunusual不寻常的willingunwilling不愿意的后缀lesshopehopeless绝望的endendless没完没了的考点七变动词的前缀和后缀单句语法填空1travelling abroad can broaden(broad)our horizons.2the clever boy has the ability to simplify(simple) that dull story.3he eventually realized(real)his ambition to become a scientist.前/后缀例词前缀enableenable使能够largeenlarge扩大richenrich使充实后缀enbroadbroaden(使)变宽riperipen(使)成熟sharpsharpen使尖锐widewiden加宽ifyclassclassify把分类justjustify证明正确simplesimplify简化izeapologyapologize道歉emphasisemphasize强调考点八ed形容词和ing形容词单句语法填空1the frightening shout frightened the boys.the shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened(frighten)2his surprised(surprise) look suggested that he knew nothing about it.3the story sounds interesting and we are interested in the story.(interest)一些动词，如excite，disappoint，encourage，puzzle，surprise，confuse，interest，satisfy，please，shock，astonish，disturb，bore等，其现在分词(ing)和过去分词(ed)都能转化为形容词。the story was very moving and we were deeply moved.这个故事非常感人，我们都被深深地感动了。易错提醒此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时，动词的ing形式和动词的ed的区别：动词的ing形式用来说明主语的特性，表示该表情或声音令人怎么样，因此译作“令人的”；动词的ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。.单句语法填空1(2019武汉武昌区调研)driven by the (curious) in my heart, i decided to go to the cinema to see the cartoon film ne zha.curiosity考查名词。curious为形容词，由前面的冠词the可知，此处应用名词；driven by the curiosity意为“受好奇心驱使”。2(2019重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)nothing i did seemed to make any (different). “it cant be the fuel，” i thought.difference考查名词。make any difference为固定搭配，意为“有任何影响”。3(2019昆明质量检测)erica kenney，a (science) at harvard th.chan school of public health，originally planned to look into the amount of sugary drinks that kids were consuming in schools.scientist考查名词。根据该句中的不定冠词a可知，该处用名词，表示“一位科学家”。4(2019赣州联考)she took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world：a world of smiles，love and (warm)warmth考查词性转换。根据空前的内容可知，空处与smiles和love构成并列关系，故此处用名词形式，故填warmth。5(2019成都第二次诊断)when you do go for hot pot, you will often be asked to make a (choose) of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients(食材)choice考查词性转换。根据空前的a和空后的of可知空处应填名词的单数形式。6(2019福建六校联考)staying (health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.healthy考查词性转换。句意：在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。7(2019河南信阳高中第二次大考)at first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very (anger) about it.angry考查词性转换。句意：起初，许多人不喜欢这种绘画风格，并对此感到很生气。系动词became后面应用形容词作表语，故填angry。be angry about sth.意为“对某事感到生气”，为固定短语。8(2019郑州第二次质量检测)on new years day, we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted (warm) at each house.warmly考查副词。根据空前的were greeted可知，空处修饰动词，故用副词形式。.单句改错1(2019成都模拟)as we know, challenge as it was, it was very benefit to us. benefitbeneficial考查形容词。be beneficial to对有益。2(2019海口调研测试)i am so luck to have some friends who share the same interest with me. lucklucky系动词be后应用形容词，故将luck改为lucky。3(2019淮北模拟)were living in a world where we can never stress the important of sharing too much. importantimportancestress the importance of sharing意为“强调共享的重要性”。4(2019成都模拟)i am confidence to take care of myself, wash the clothes, and clean the rooms, which i never did when at home. confidenceconfident系动词be后用形容词作表语。5(2019西安模拟)it was the first time i had lived away from my home, so i found it difficulty to fit in. difficultydifficult此题考查find itadj.to do结构。.语法填空(2019安徽省示范高中试题)proper exercise is beneficial to our health.as the experts say，swimming is an excellent way to work your entire body.an hour of swimming 1 (burn) almost as many calories as running.there are a host of benefits you may gain from swimming 2. (regular)one of 3. biggest benefits of swimming is that it truly works well from head to toe.it can not only increase your heart rate without 4. (stress) your body，but also build up your muscles and 5. (strong)besides，swimming makes your heart and lung strong.it is so good for you that researchers say it may even reduce your risk of death. 6 (compare) with inactive people，7 (swim) have about half the risk of death.some other studies have shown that swimming may help lower blood pressure and control blood sugar.the number of persons 8. experience some level of insomnia(失眠症) is increasing，so this is excellent newsthe researchers conclude that swimming is a potentially powerful way to relieve stress quickly and promote deeper sleep.swimming is safe for most people.as with any work out there are certain risks associated with swimming.if you 9. (injure) or have certain medical conditions，be sure to check with your doctor before swimming.10. general，its a good idea to check with your doctor whenever you start a new exercise program.1burns考查时态和主谓一致。句意：游泳一小时几乎和跑步一小时燃烧的卡路里一样多。根据句意可知，该句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时；且该句主语为“an hour of swimming”，属于第三人称单数，故谓语动词用burns。2regularly考查副词。句意：经常游泳你将获益良多。空处修饰动名词“swimming”，故用其副词形式。3the考查冠词。根据空后的“biggest”可知，空处应用定冠词the。4stressing考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词“without”可知，空处应用动名词形式。该处是说，游泳可以让身体在不紧张的情况下提高心率。5strength考查名词。该处是说，游泳还可以增强肌肉和力量。根据空前的“your muscles”可知，空处用名词形式。6compared考查非谓语动词。该句的主语和动词compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“与不活跃的人相比”，故用其过去分词形式。7swimmers考查名词的单复数。句意：与不活跃的人相比，游泳者只有大约一半的死亡风险。分析句子结构可知，空处为该句的主语，表示“游泳者”，故用其名词形式；且swimmer为可数名词，而该处表示群体，故用其复数形式。8who/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，空处应为引导词，在从句中作主语，先行词为persons，故用who/that引导该定语从句。9are injured考查被动语态。句意：如果你受伤或患某种疾病，在游泳前一定要咨询医生。分析句子结构可知，该句主语和动词injure之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。10in考查固定搭配。in general为固定搭配，意为“总的来说，通常”。句意：通常，无论何时在开始新的锻炼项目之前，向医生核实一下是一个好方法。.短文改错born in america, thomas edison was a great scientist and an inventor. he was once thought to be a boy whom was not