M3U1Grammar (2).doc

如皋市薛窑中学高一英语课堂教学活动单Module 3 Unit 1 Grammar and UsageTeaching aims:Learn the grammar - Noun clause.Teaching important points:1. Learn the definition of noun clause.2. Understand and master the functions of noun clauses.Teaching methods:Explaining and practicing.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Definition 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句在功能上相当于名词。E.g. 主语：His job is important. What he does is important. 表语：This is his job. This is what he does every day. 宾语：I dont like his job. I dont like what he does every day. 同位语：I dont know about the man, Mr. White. I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them.1. At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. (宾语从句)2. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. (表语从句)3. What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything.(主语从句、表语从句)4. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity. (同位语从句)Step 2 Subject Clause1 That he will succeed is certain .2 Whether he will go there is not known .3 What he said is not true .4 Where he hid the money is to be found out .5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1.It is certain that he will succeed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.Step 3 Object Clause1. They know that the habit will kill them.2. It all depends on whether they will support us .3. He asked how much I paid for the violin.4. He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job . 5. I find it necessary that we should do the homework.宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语), 常用的连词有：that, whether, if（that 常可省略）who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when,where, why, how注意点：1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2. that 在宾语从句中的省略与保留 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略 We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略. He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.Step 4 Predicative Clause1. The question is whether we can rely on him. 2. Thats because we were in need of money at that time .3. He looked as if he was going to cry .4. Thats why I was late .表语从句:在句中充当表语成分, 一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。Step 5 Apposition Clause1 The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .2 Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect(视察) them .3 Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea, belief, fact, truth, problem, news 等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether.Step 6名词性从句考点归纳：一、名词性从句的语序 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序, 不能用一般疑问句语序. E.g. 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( F) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( T) 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me where he lives? (T) Could you tell me where does he live? (F)二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1）that 和what 的选用 that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是, what除起连接作用外, 还在名词性从句中充当成分, 可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用。Exercise:1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.Key: 1 what 2 that 3 that 4 what 5 what 6 what 7 that 8 what(2) if 和whether的选用不能使用if 的情况：a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.Exercise:1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.Key: 1 if/ whether 2 whether 3 whether 4 if/ whether 5-8 whether(3) 其它连接代词和副词的作用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、 how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。E.g. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 _ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided. 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。 I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday. 我不知道他长的什么样子。 I have no idea _ he looks like. 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。 This is _ I left my glasses.Key: when who what where(4) 引导词that的省略 that可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略 that不可省略的情况： 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、用it做形式宾语的宾语从句、并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略Exercise:1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.Key: 1、6(第一空)that可省略，其余不可省。3、 同位语从句的引导和辨别1.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact, idea, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice ,information等2.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。Exercise:1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.Key: 1 where 2 how 3 that 4 that 5 whether3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.E.g. We expressed the hope that they had expressed. (定语从句) We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. （同位语从句） The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.（同位语从句） The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value. (定语从句)Step 7 Consolidation 【课堂检测】1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. that4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether C. that D. Which7.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 8.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 9.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 10. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because11. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if12. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that13. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon14. - I saw your neighbo