大学英语六级考试模拟试卷(2).doc

大学英语四级考试模拟试卷（二）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a teacher. You should write at least150 words following the outline given, below in Chinese: 你在写学期论文时遇到了一些困难，希望得到老师更具体的指导。给老师写封请求信。 1说明你论文大致方向和你遇到的困难； 2表达你希望得到老师更具体的指导的愿望；3请老师指定可以拜访他她的时间、地点，并表示感谢。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1. For questions l-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C) and D）For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Green Revolution of Agriculture The Green Revolution of agriculture began in 1943, and led in some places to significant increases in agricultural production between the 1940s and 1960s. The associated transformation has continued as the result of programs of agricultural research, extension, and infrastructural development, instigated (鼓动) and largely funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, along with the Ford Foundation and other major agencies. The consensus among some agronomists (农学家) is that the Green Revolution has allowed food production to keep pace with worldwide population growth. The Green Revolution has had major social and ecological impacts, and with multi-million dollar backing from organizations including the Gates Foundation, the deployment (展开) of Green Revolution policies will continue for some time. The term Green Revolution was first used in 1968 by former USAID (United States Agency for International Development) director William Gaud, who noted the spread of the new technologies and said, These and other developments in the field of agriculture contain the makings of a new revolution. It is not a violent Red Revolution like that of the Soviets, nor is it a White Revolution like that of the Shah of Iran. I call it the Green Revolution. Mexican roots The Green Revolution began in 1943 with the establishment of the Office of Special Studies, which was a venture that was a collaboration between the Rockefeller Foundation and the presidential administration of Manuel Avila Camacho in Mexico. While Camachos predecessor Cardenas promoted peasant subsistence agriculture through policies of land reform, Avila Camachos primary goal for Mexican agriculture was to aid in the nations industrial development and economic growth. U. S. Vice President Henry Wallace, who was instrumental in convincing the Rockefeller Foundation to work with the Mexican government in agricultural development, saw averting famine in Mexico as beneficial to U. S. economic interests.J. George Harrar, who later became president of the Rockefeller Foundation, headed the Office of Special Studies. Its lead scientists included Norman Borlaug, Edwin Wellhausen, and William Colwell. Researchers from both the U. S. and Mexico were involved in this program. After the program was closed in 1962, the Mexican government requested a small group of scientists to remain for experimentation purposes. Borlaug, Dr. Delbert T. Myren (communication specialist), John S. Neiderhauser (potato specialist), Edwin J. Wellhausen (maize breeder), Elmer Johnson (maize breeder) and Reggie Laird (agronomist) remained behind to become the nucleus to the CIMMYT staff. CIMMYT was credited with creating short, stiffstrawed, fertilizer-responsive, and disease-resistant varieties of wheat that significantly increased production in Mexico, India, Pakistan, Turkey and in other parts of the globe. These successes won Borlaug the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Later in 1970, CIMMYT and IRRI shared the UNESCO Science Prize. Norman Borlaug is often credited with saving over a billion people from starvation. The Mexican national government invested heavily in rural infrastructure development, and the adoption of new seed varieties became widespread. Mexico became self-sufficient in wheat production by 1951 and began to export wheat thereafter. In 1901, the Mexican population was 13.6 million; by2005, it had increased to 103.3 million.Indian success With the experience of agricultural development judged as a success, the Rockefeller Foundation sought to spread the Green Revolution to other nations. The Office of Special Studies in Mexico became an informal international research institution in 1959, and in 1963 it formally became CIMMYT, The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. In 1961 India was on the brink of mass famine. Norman Borlaug was invited to India by the adviser to the Indian minister of agriculture M. S. Swaminathan. Despite bureaucratic hurdles imposed by Indias gain monopolies, the Ford Foundation and Indian government collaborated to import wheat seed from CIMMYT. Punjab was selected by the Indian government to be the first site to try the new crops because of its reliable water supply and a history of agricultural success. India began its own Green Revolution program of plant breeding, irrigation development, and financing of agrochemicals. India soon adopted IR8-a rice variety developed by the Interactional Rice Research Institute that could produce more grains of rice per plant when grown properly with fertilizer and irrigation. In 1968, Indian agronomist S.K De Datta published his findings that IR8 rice yielded about 5 tons per hectare with no fertilizer, and almost 10 tons per hectare under optimal conditions. This was 10 times the yield of traditional rice. IR8 was a success throughout Asia, and dubbed the “Miracle Rice. In the 1960s, rice yields in India were about two tons per hectare; by the mid-1990s, they had risen to six tons per hectare. In the 1970s, rice cost about $550 a ton; in 2001, it cost less than $200 a ton. India became one of the worlds most successful rice producers, and is now a major rice exporter, shipping nearly 4.5 million tons in 2006.Famine in India, once accepted as inevitable, has not returned since the introduction of Green Revolution.CGIAR An international group coordinating the efforts of the local formed was formed in 1971 under the urging of the Rockefeller Foundation. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, CGIAR, has added many research centers throughout the world. CGIAR has responded, at least in part, to criticisms of Green Revolution methodologies. This began in the 1980s, and mainly was a result of pressure from donor organizations. Methods like Agroecosystem Analysis and Farming System Research have been adopted to gain a more holistic (整体的) view of agriculture. Methods like Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal have been adopted to help scientists understand the problems faced by farmers and even give farmers a role in the development process.Problems in Africa There have been numerous attempts to introduce the successful concepts from the Mexican and south Asian projects into Africa. These programs have generally been less successful, for a number of reasons. Among these is widespread corruption, insecurity, a lack of infrastructure, and a general lack of will on the part of the governments. A recent program in western Africa is attempting to introduce a new high-yield variety of rice known as Nericas. Nericas yields about 30% more rice under normal conditions, and can double yields with small amounts of fertilizer and very basic irrigation. However the program has been beset (困扰) by problems getting the rice into the hands of farmers, and to date the only success has been in Guinea where it currently accounts for 16% of rice cultivation.注意:此部分试在答题卡1上作答。1. Some agronomists generally agree that thanks to the Green Revolution _.A) agricultural programs have been gaining more support from big agencies B) social stability and environmental protection are enhanced globallyC) increased food production can meet the demands of the growing population worldwideD) policies concerning agricultural transformation will be easily enforced2. The Green Revolution was initiated collaboratively by _.A) former USAID director William Gaud and Mexican former President Cardenas B) Mexican President Manuel Avila Camacho and U. S. Vice President Henry Wallace C) researchers from both the U. S. and Mexico D) the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican government3. What prize did scientist Norman Borlaug win in 1970?A) the UNESCO Science Prize C) the Nobel Science PrizeB) the Nobel Peace Prize D) the UNESCO Culture Prize4. What endangered India in early 1960s? A) Famine. B) Inflation. C) Overpopulation. D) Civil war5. Because of the introduction of Green Revolution, India_. A) successfully controlled its population growthB) became one of the worlds major rice exporters C) peacefully established a centralized government D) tripled its commercial yield in three decades6. Which of the following is one of CGIARs functions?A) Providing farmers with the most advanced agricultural knowledge. B) Giving pressure to major international organizations. C) Coordinating the work of local groups on agricultural research. D) Criticizing various Green Revolution methodologies.7. In Guinea, of its rice cultivation now is the high-yield rice Nericas. A) 16% B) 30% C) 45% D) 60%8. The Office of Special Studies existed for about _ before it became a formal international research institution.9. The Miracle Rice in India can yield _ as much as traditional rice.10. One obstacle to the Green Revolution in Africa is that many governments are _. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet2 Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. The chief problem in coping with foreign motorists is not so much remembering that they are different from yourself, but that they are enormously variable. Cross a frontier without adjusting and you can be in deep trouble. One of the greatest gulfs separating the driving nations is the Atlantic Ocean. More precisely, it is the mental distance between the European and the American motorist, particularly the South American motorist. Compare, for example, an English driver at a set of traffic lights with a Brazilian. Very rarely will an Englishman try to anticipate the green light by moving off prematurely. You will find the occasional sharpie（狡猾的人）who watches for the amber to come up on the adjacent set of lights. However, he will not go until he receives the lawful signal. Brazilians view the thing quite differently. If, in fact, they see traffic lights at all, they regard them as a kind of roadside decoration. The natives of North America are much more disciplined. They demonstrate this in their addiction to driving in one lane and sticking to it-even if it means settling behind some &eat truck for many miles. To prevent other drivers from falling into reckless ways, American motorists try always to stay close behind the vehicle in front which can make it impossible, when all the vehicles are moving at about 55 mph, to make a real lane change. European visitors are constantly falling into this trap. They return to the Old World still flapping their arms in frustration because while driving in the State in their car they kept failing to get off the highway when they wanted to and were swept along to the next city. However, one nation above all others lives scrupulously by its traffic regulationsthe Swiss. In Switzerland, if you were simply to anticipate a traffic light, the chances are that the motorist behind you would take your number and report you to the police. What is more, the police would visit you; and you would be convicted. The Swiss take their rules of the road so seriously that a diver can be ordered to appear in court and charged of speeding on hearsay (传闻证据) alone, and very likely found guilty. There are slight regional variations among the French, German and Italian speaking areas, but it is generally safe to assume that any car bearing a CH (瑞士) sticker will be driven with a high degree of discipline.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47. According to the author, why is it not easy to handle foreign motorists?48. The phrase anticipate the green light (Para.3) means _.49. The fact that the Brazilians regard traffic lights as a kind of roadside decoration suggests that _.50. According to the passage, how do American motorists keep others from driving in a rash way?51. According to the passage, Swiss people are described as people who _.Section BDirections: there are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact that the average citizen is allowed to possess guns. Although it is true that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns carry them illegally. Others, who dont have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire a gun with little difficulty. Some schools require students to pass through a metal detector similar to those found at airports before entering the school building. Police statistics also show that death by firearms is one of the leading causes of death among children under twenty and many citizens feel that owning one is a necessity for self-protection. In a campaign to get children to give up their weapons, guns were once exchanged for toys at Christmas. Several years ago thousands of children handed in their firearms for coupons（兑换券）redeemable at Toys R Us. This was a bizarre and ironic indication of the full extent of the problem. Also, some ranchers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect their animals against the mountain lions and wolves which attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms, the National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1871 by National Guard officers. Their purpose was to help rifle owners to increase the accuracy of their marksmanship（枪法）The organization has close ties with the Defense department which has helped to support the organization and even sponsor a rifle contest. Nevertheless, the main importance of this association has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The association has great political support in small towns and rural areas especially in the West and the South where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the right to possess guns insist that the second amendment to the constitution provides the right of people to keep and bear arms. They believe that gun control laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America. Some have suggested that the distribution of ammunition (弹药) be strictly controlled and heavily taxed, thereby making it difficult to acquire bullets for weapons. Others have proposed that a strict test be offered to anyone applying for a gun to ascertain his mental competency and stability.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52. What do many non-Americans find very strange about the American culture? A) Every American citizen can carry guns legally. B) Only adults are allowed to possess guns. C) Every American has an easy access to guns. D) American teenagers can carry guns at school. ,53. Which can be inferred from the second paragraph? A) The death of teenagers was mostly caused by traffic accidents. B) Most people believe a gun is necessary for self-protection. C) American children once had coupons for toy guns at Christmas. . D) The unchecked prevalence of guns is a worrying problem.54. The major significance of the National Rifle Association isA) it helps ranchers get political support in small towns and rural areas B) it tries to prevent strict legislation on controlling the possession of guns C) it seeks to defend those who want to use guns for hunting D) it means to solve the problem of crime and violence in America55. It is suggested in this passage that gunfires be controlled by _. A) solving the problem of crime and violence in America B) forbidding the sale and private distribution of ammunition C) improving the sense of security of average citizens D) strictly testing the mental competency and stability of gun applicants56. The best title for this passage might be_. A) Firearms and Gun Control B) Children and Firearms C) The National Rifle Association D) Firearms and American CulturePassage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. One of the most successful commercial products ever launched is said to have come about as the result of mistake. In 1896, Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, was selling a nerve tonic (补药) known as French Wine Cola-Ideal Nerve Tonic. By accidentally adding fizzy (起泡的) water instead of still water to the recipe, a pharmacist called John S. Pemberton invented what has today become the most popular soft drink in the world: Coca-Cola.