高中必修一直接引语变间接引语详解.doc

精心整理直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）1 直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。Hesaid,“Imastudent.”（直接引语）?Hesaidthathewasastudent.（间接引语）主句从句主句从句2 当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。一随主引号内的第一人?称变间引后与主句主语的人称保?持一致Hesays,”Ilikemathverymuch.?Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.二随宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与主?句宾语的人称保?持一致He?said?to?Lily,?“?you?must?get?up?early”?He?told?Lily?that?she?must?get?up?early三不用变引号内的第三人?称在变间引后去人?称不变She?said?to?me?,?“?They?want?to?help?him”?She?told?me?that?they?wanted?help?him（二）时态变化?宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一般现在时。1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。?2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成?一般过去时；现在进行时改成?过去进行时；?一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。?Teachertoldus:Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.主句的时态从句的时态例句一般现在时Hesays所需的任何时态Hesays,”helikesmathverymuch.?Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch一般过去时Hesaid直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时Hesaid,“heisastudent.”Hesaidthathewasastudent现在进行时过去进行时Hesaid,“heisreading.”Hesaidthathewasreading一般将来时过去将来时Hesaid,“hewillgohome”Hesaidthathewouldgohome一般过去时过去完成时Hesaid，“hewenthome”Hesaidthathehadgonehome现在完成时过去完成时Hesaid，“hehasgonehome”Hesaidthathehadgonehome过去完成时过去完成时Hesaid，“hehadgonehome”Hesaidthathehadgonehome(三)时间状语变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthisweekyesterdaylastweekthreedaysagotomorrownextweekthenthatdaythatnightthatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforethreedaysbeforethenextday/thefollowingdaythenextweek/thefollowingweek地点状语herethere动词comebringgotake(四)连接词?1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。?2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。?3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。?注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他直接引语连接词例句注意事项陈述句that（常省略）Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”?Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher.1. 连接词：that2.引述动词said,saidtosbtoldsb,等一般疑问句if/whether.“是否”Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?”?Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.1.改为“陈述语序”。2.引述动词asked3.去掉Do,Does,Did改变Are,Is,Will,Can位置特殊疑问句特殊疑问词：what,who,why,how,which,whenHeaskedhiswife,“Howareyou?”?Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?”?HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.1.改为“陈述语序”2.去掉Do,Does,Did改变Are,Is,Will,Can位置祈使句肯定ask(tell)sb.todosthHeshouted,“Lily,Closethedoor.”?HetoldLilytoclosethedoor.1.不用连接词2.不改变时态。3.无须考虑语序否定ask(tell)sb.nottodosth.Hesaidtome,“Dontbelate.”?Heaskedmenottobelate.注意：1. 语序不变的有：Whatthematterwithyou?Whatswrongwithyou?但Whatsthetroublewithyou?的语序要变1）从句中有or/ornot。例：sheaskswhetherhestayed。2.只用whether2）与不定式todo连用。例：Icantdecidewhethertotellhimthenews3)在介词后。例：theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanaffordthenewhouse用法是有区别的，但当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选whether3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。或连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。陈述语序中：be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。例：1）canyoutellmewhereisthehospital(错）canyoutellmewheret