非谓语动词与长难句阅读和写作(文本版).doc

非谓语动词：阅读和写作前言：名词性从句、定语从句和非谓语动词是高考中所有题型都涉及的三大核心语法。复习资料里涉及语法时往往只把它们和语法填空和短文改错联系起来，甚少探讨它们在阅读和写作中的应用。所以在讲完这三大语法时安排两个课时介绍它们在阅读和写作中的应用。目的有二：一是提高同学们读懂所谓“长难句”的能力，学会提取句子中的信息，做阅读时有根据地答题。二是选择部分相对容易的所谓“高级结构”反复造句训练，并刻意在写作时应用，提高作文的得分能力。非谓语动词与阅读一、长难句的几个特点： 1、句子信息量大，结构复杂，附加成分多（名词性从句、定语从句、非谓语动词）； 2.、分隔现象普遍（主谓分隔、同位语分隔、 定语分隔等）； 3.、插入语、省略、倒装现象。 核心：找主句，把握核心； 找附加成分，分析信息。 二、回顾及示例：分析句子：划出主句；圈出从句的引导词；圈出非谓语动词；分析从句和非谓语动词在句子中成分，说出它们的语法名称。 But soon they turned it down after 700 local objections reached them，because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas针对从句和非谓语动词提问：1）_2)_3)_4)_三、练习分析句子：找出非谓语动词，通过提问的方式找出所含信息1. In 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours workIn the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for_2. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel electricity is forbidden by well - meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy(悲剧) as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change_3. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose - bleed by putting a tourniquet（止血带）around our necks_4. This, combined with the length of time spent in front of computers, has led to an increase in the number of people with nearsightedness in North America._5. As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had “seven fathers，” because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate. (NMET 2008天津卷A篇) Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A. She had seven brothers. B. She felt herself a nobody.C. She was too shy to go to school. D. She did not have any good teachers.6.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called Moai, for which the island is most famous. On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its nameWhats the Easter Island well-known for?A. the most distant island B. Moai C. one street D. Easter Sunday7. The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wantedWhy do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A. Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B. People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.C. Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.D. Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.8. As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had “seven fathers，” because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate. . Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A. She had seven brothers. B. She felt herself a nobody.C. She was too shy to go to school. D. She did not have any good teachers.2017高考全国I Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. 14. Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still? A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place. C. Weight the sheets center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.非谓语动词与写作：分词做状语一、 示例1. Knowing that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books. 2. Being an active young person, I like sports and outdoor activities.3. Confused by spoken and written English, I am often laughed at in public.4. Attracted by the western cuisine in the advertisements, I am looking forward to making them on my own.二、 总结1）分词作状语属于比较容易把握的写作中的高级结构，我们应该刻意使用。 2）两句话的主语相同，选择其中一句话省掉主语并且谓语变成非谓语动词（现在分词或过去分词）做状语。 3）用现在分词还是过去分词由它们与逻辑主语的关系决定：主动/被动 三、翻