职称英语综合类A、B、C级综合试卷模拟8.doc

试题8第一部分：词汇选择 下面共有15个句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1. Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960. A. published B. challenged C. acclaimed D. guided 2. He was one of the principal organizers of the association. A. planners B. employees C. actors D. recipients 3.It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations. A. challenged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed 4. This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur. A. drying up B. dying out C. being exported D. being transplanted 5. The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were. A. slow B. noisy C. sudden D. jumpy 6. During the Second World War, all important resources in the U. S. were allocated by the federal government. A. nationalized B. commandeered C. taxed D. distributed 7. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts. A. very strong B. very long C. very great D. very fast 8. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte. A. elegantly B. genuinely C. intentionally D. thoroughly 9. The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. A. encouraged B. enforced C. expected D. entitled 10. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization. A. stated firmly B. argued light-mindedly C. thought seriously D. announced regrettably 11. Smoking is not permitted in the office. A. probable B. possible C. admitted D. allowed 12. The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting. A. stated B. declared C. suggested D. announced 13. I feel regret about whats happened. A. sorry B. disappointed C. shameful D. disheartened 14. She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis. A. lived on B. depended on C. lived off D. believed in 15. John removed his overcoat. A. took away B. left aside C. took off D. washed off第二部分：阅读判断 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B项；如果该句信息文章中没有提及，请选择C项。Easy Learning Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but theyve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like oo, another like ee and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies whod heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesnt know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies dont turn off their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders. 16. Babies can learn language even in their sleep. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. The study shows that the infants cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. If an adult wants to learn a language faster, he can put a language tape under his pillow. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. Cheours finding is worthless. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段第段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。Earthquake 1 Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. 2 There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0. 3 The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continental drift. 4 In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. 5 Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen. A Earthquakes Forecast B Historical Records of Earthquakes C Intensities of Earthquakes D Cause of Earthquakes E Indications of Earthquakes F Damaging Earthquakes 23. Paragraph 2 _ . 24. Paragraph 3 _ . 25. Paragraph 4 _ . 26. Paragraph 5 _ . A by the quake itself B not be prevented C to cause damage of property and loss of lives D of a possible earthquake E the unusual behaviors of some animals F the strong behaviors of human beings 27. Not all damage during an earthquake is caused _ . 28. Not all earthquakes are strong enough _ . 29. Scientists have been working hard to warn people _ . 30. Earthquakes can be predicted by observing _ .第四部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。 第一篇 Some Things We Know about Language Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Greek. A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate, That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. 31. In the second paragraph the author thinks that A. some backward race doesnt have a language of its own. B. some race in history didnt possess a language of its own. C. any human race, whether backward or not, has a language. D. some races on earth can communicate without language. 32. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have _ languages. A. complicated B. uncivilized C. primitive D. well-known 33. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are A. just as old as Some well-known languages. B. just as sophisticated as some well-known languages. C. more developed than some well-known languages. D. more complex than some well-known languages. 34. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. A language is a means of expressing a particular culture. B. All languages can well express their respective cultures. C. American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English. D. Some languages are better than other languages. 35. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in A. grammar. B. pronunciation. C. vocabulary. D. intonation. 第二篇 The Only Way Is Up Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities dont permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers. When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards. The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home. Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift - or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention, In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders. A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior fund lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts. It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just cant choose to move away, says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes, Dont worry about them. They are probably from a university. 36. .these are cities concerned with the past in the first paragraph refer to cities that A. are worded about their past. B. have a glorious past to be proud of. C. want to maintain their traditional image. D. are very interested in their own history. 37. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th(上标) century lies in A. the shortage of money. B. the lack of a device to carry people upward. C. backward technology. D. mountains taking up land space. 38. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift, A. he sold it to the architects and builders immediately. B. the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids. C. it was accepted favorably by the public. D. most people had doubt about its safety. 39. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now? A. Fascinating. B. Uninteresting. C. Frightening. D. Exciting. 40. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because A. here humans behave the way animals do. B. people in a lift are all scared. C. here some people take notes. D. in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks. 第三篇 Clone Farm Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to clone chickens on a massive scale. Once a chicken with desirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered, tens of thousands of eggs, which will hatch into identical copies, could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clones could be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate, have the same amount of meat and taste the same. This, at least, is the vision of the USs National Institute of Science and Technology, which has given Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California, and Embrex of North Carolina $4.7 million to help fund research. The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups, who fear it could increase the suffering of farm birds. Thats unlikely to put off the poultry industry, however, which wants disease-resistant birds that grow faster on less food. Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there, says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen. To meet this demand, Origen aims to create an animal that is effectively a clone, he says. Normal cloning doesnt work in birds because eggs cant be removed and implanted. Instead, the company is trying to bulk-grow embryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as theyre laid, The trick is to culture the cells without them starting to distinguish, so they remain pluripotent, says Fitzgerald. Using a long-established technique, these donor cells will then be injected into the embryo of a freshly laid, fertilized recipient egg, forming a chick that is. a chimera. Strictly speaking a chimera isnt a clone, because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgerald says it will be enough if, say, 95 percent of a chickens body develops from donor cells. In the poultry world, it doesnt matter if its not 100 percent, he says. Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production. To do this, it has teamed up with Embrex, which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50,000 eggs an hour. Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells into precisely the right spot without killing it. In future, Origen imagines