2012年考研英语基础阶段专家测试卷及答案(二).doc

青年人网考研频道：/stu/tuofu/ 考试时间：120分钟 满分：100分 Section I Vocabulary and Structure (36 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long.A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read2. Niagara Falls is a great tourist _, drawing millions of visitors every year.A. attention B. attraction C. appointment D. arrangement3. The hopes, goals, fears and desires _ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A. alterB. shift C. transfer D. vary4. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _ in Cuba.A. being cultivated B. been cultivated C. having cultivated D. cultivating5. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _ on benches, chairs or boxes.A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated6. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _ comfortably.A. is worn B. wears C. wearing D. are worn7. Some diseases are _ by certain water animals.A. transplanted B. transformed C. transported D. transmitted8. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _ will happen to her private life.A. that B. what C. it D. this9. “May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight?”“Im sorry. Mr. Williams _ to a conference long before then.”A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone10. You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldnt follow B. mustnt followC. couldnt have been following D. shouldnt have been following 11. We agreed to accept _ they thought was the best tourist guide. A. whatever B. whomever C. whichever D. whoever12. It is our _ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A. consistent B. continuous C. considerate D. continual13. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _27%.A. by B. for C. to D. in14. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _ it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A. by which B. to which C. in that D. so that15. He is _ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A. optimistic B. optional C. outstanding D. obvious16. Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place.A. be living B. were living C. would lived D. would have lived17. The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work.A. at B. in C. of D. with18. In a sudden _ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A. attack B. burst C. split D. blast19. _ she realized it was too late to go home.A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly did it grow dark thatC. Scarcely had it grown dark than D. It was not until dark that20. In Britain people _ four million tons of potatoes every year.A. swallow B. dispose C. consume D. exhaust 21. Id _ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan. A. take into account B. account for C. make up for D. make out22. It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible.A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent23. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat.A. mild B. slight C. light D. tender24. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough _.A. nuisance B. trouble C. worry D. anxiety25. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _ you need.A. all the information B. all the informationsC. all of information D. all of the information26. Young people are not _ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A. conservative B. content C. confident D. generous27. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _.A. granted B. implied C. exaggerated D. remedied28. I have no objection _ your story again.A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard29. The clothes a person wears may express his _ or social position.A. curiosity B. statusC. determination D. significance30. You will see this product _ wherever you go.A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising 31. The early pioneers had to _ many hardships to settle on the new land.A. go along with B. go back on C. go through D. go into32. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A. whose B. which C. that D. what33. I didnt know the word. I had to _ a dictionary.A. look out B. make out C. refer to D. go over34. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the new theory.A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base35. There are signs _ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A. that B. which C. in which D. whose36. It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students.A. partial B. beneficial C. preferable D. liable(D)Section II Cloze (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. You should write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain _37_ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family _38_ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance _39_ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to _40_ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to _41_ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation _42_ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be _43_. He must either sell some of his property or _44_ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low _45_ of interest, but loans of this kind are not _46_ obtainable.37. A other than B as well as C instead of D more than38. A only if B much as C long before D ever since39. A for B against C of D towards40. A replace B purchase C supplement D dispose41. A enhance B mix C feed D raise42. A vessels B routes C paths D channels43. A self-confident B self-sufficient C self-satisfied D self-restrained44. A search B save C offer D seek45. A proportion B percentage C rate D ratio46. A genuinely B obviously C presumably D frequently Section III Reading Comprehension (24 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.Text 1Tight-lipped elders used to say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, you could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.47. What do the elders mean when they say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.”?A Youll certainly get what you want.B Its no use dreaming.C You should be dissatisfied with what you have.D Its essential to set a goal for yourself.48. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as _.A an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB an indication of how to secure a good jobC a guideline for job descriptionD a principle for job evaluation49. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because _.A that is the first step to please the employerB that is the requirement of the employerC it enables him to know when to sell his servicesD it forces him to become clearly aware of himself50. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something _.A definite to offerB imaginary to provideC practical to supplyD desirable to present Text 2Personality is to a large extent inherentA-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into Bs. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged.51. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually _.A impatientB considerateC aggressiveD agreeable52. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because _.A the pressure is too great on the studentsB some students are bound to failC failure rates are too highD the results of exanimations are doubtful53. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on _.A candidates sensitivityB academic achievementsC competitive spiritD surer values54. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that _.A the personality of a child is well established at birthB family influence dominates the shaping of ones characteristicsC the development of ones personality is due to multiple factorsD B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society Text 3It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request deathprobably by a deadly injection or pillto put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.55. From the second paragraph we learn that _.A the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the lawD it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passage56. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means _.A observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countriesC observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop57. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will _.A face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD undergo a cooling off period of seven days58. The authors attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of _.A oppositionB suspicionC approvalD indifference Section IV Translation (10 Points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English (10 points)59. 所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。60. 我们恳切希望你早日给我们一个答复。61. 即使你说服不了他，也不要灰心丧气。62. 这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。63. 你讲英语时，发音要准，否则人家就听不懂你的意思。Section V Writing (20 points)DIRECTIONS:A Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILDB Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)C Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below an