高中英语模块7第一单元语法和用法.ppt

Unit1Livingwithtechnology Grammarandusage Transitiveverbsandintransitiveverbs Iwillfinishthejobsoon Peterboughthimadictionary Hefoundhimselfagoodplacetolive Theaccidenthappenedyesterday finish buy find transitiveverbs vt intransitiveverbs vi happen 常见的不及物动词及词组 come go die appear sit rise apologize belong arrive breakout happen occur takeplace comeabout runout giveout 不及物动词及词组没有被动语态 不及物动词后加上相应的介词时可加宾语 可以接双宾语的动词 makesbsthbuysbsthdosbsthgetsbsthplaysbsthordersbsthsingsbsthpaysbsth makesthforsbbuysthforsbdosthforsbgetsthforsbplaysthforsbordersthforsbsingsthforsbpaysthforsb 可以接双宾语的动词 givesbsthhandsbsthshowsbsthtellsbsthsendsbsth givesthtosbhandsthtosbshowsthtosbtellsthtosbsendsthtosb return bring write read throw pass promise lend refuse leave 可以接宾补的动词 keep make find leave adj call name make think n see watch hear have none finite Sheapologizedtomeagain Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening Pleasehandmethebookoverthere Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem Lead in 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语 可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词 及物动词 vt 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象 即宾语 并且可直接跟宾语 1 主 谓 宾 结构 如 HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday Theobjectcanbeanoun apronoun aninfinitive averb ingoranobjectclause 2 主 谓 双宾 结构 如 Pleasehandmethebookoverthere Thedirectobjectisusuallyanounmostclearlyaffectedoracteduponbytheactionofatransitiveverb Theindirectobjectisusuallyanounorapronounthatreferstotherecipient 类似的还有 参见考一本 3 主 谓 宾 宾补 结构 如 Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem Thecomplementcanbeanoun anadjective anadverb aprepositionalphraseoranon finiteverbwhichrefersbacktotheobject 类似的还有 参见考一本 不及物动词 vi 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象 即宾语 若要跟宾语 必须先在其后加上某个介词 如 look 看 即不能直接加宾语Look Sheissinging Lookcarefully Lookatmecarefully 不及物动词后面不跟宾语 只能用 主 谓 结构 如 ThisistheroomwhereIoncelived 类似的还有 agree go work listen look come die belong fall exist rise arrive sit fail succeed Morechallengeslieaheadofme Intransitiveverbscanusuallybefollowedbyanadverbial Boredwithlifeinthecity hemovedtoaremotevillageaccessibleonlybyboat Intransitiveverbscanbefollowedbyaprepositionalphrase 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词 其意义不变 如begin都是作 开始 讲 Everybody ourgamebegins Letusbeginourgame 类似的还有 start answer sing close consider insist read learn prepare pay hurt improve 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词 其意义完全不同 lift作不及物动词时指烟雾的 消散 Wesawthemountainwhenthecloudslifted 作及物动词时是 升高 举起 Heliftedhisglassanddrank 类似的还有 beatvi 跳动vt 敲 打 growvi 生长vt 种植playvi 玩耍vt 打 牌 球 演奏smellvi 发出 气味 vt 嗅ringvi 电话 铃 响vt 打电话speakvi 讲话vt 说 语言 hangvi 悬挂vt 绞死operatevi 动手术vt 操作 需要注意的一点是 少数不及物动词唯一可跟的宾语是同源宾语 如 Idreamedadreamlastnight 我昨晚做了个梦 dealaproblemdealwithaproblem处理问题dependsb dependonsb 依靠 依赖 某人insistdoingsth insistondoingsth 坚持要做某事 判断正误 误 dealaproblem正 dealwithaproblem处理问题误 dependsb 正 dependonsb 依靠 依赖 某人误 insistdoingsth 正 insistondoingsth 坚持要做某事 knockthedoorknockon at thedoor敲门operatesb operateonsb 为某人做手术participatesth participateinsth 参加某事refersth refertosth 查阅 参考 某物 判断正误 误 knockthedoor正 knockon at thedoor敲门误 operatesb 正 operateonsb 为某人做手术误 participatesth 正 participateinsth 参加某事误 refersth 正 refertosth 查阅 参考 某物 relysb sth relyonsb sth 依靠 依赖 某人某物replyaletterreplytoaletter回信 判断正误 误 relysb sth 正 relyonsb sth 依靠 依赖 某人某物误 replyaletter正 replytoaletter回信 注 在某些其他用法中 以上有的动词也可能及物 如insist reply等动词后可接宾语从句 operate表示 操作 管理 等时则及物 AReadthefollowingpassageanddecidewhethertheunderlinedverbsaretransitiveorintransitive Writevtifitisatransitiveverborviifitisanintransitiveverb 1 checked vt 2 bought vt 3 sitting vi 4 see vt 5 talked vi 6 turned vi 7 hurts vi 8 suffering vt 9 thought vt 10 smiled vi BChoosethecorrectwordsorphrasestocompletethesentencesbelow answer answerforaHearingthebell Janegotupfromherchairandwentto thedoor bIfyoucontinuetobehavelikethis you llhaveto yourbehaviour answer answerfor 2benefit benefitfromaTheprojecthas thecountryinmanyaspects bItisexpectedthatbothcountrieswill thisaggreement benefited benefitfrom 3decide decideagainstaHaveyou whattodoaftergraduation bTooursurprise they theplanyesterdaywithoutanyexplanation decided decidedagainst 4pay payforaHethankedtherepairmanand himtwentydollars bTo theticketfortheconcert mysisterdecidedtotakeapart timejob paid payfor 5adjust adjustfromaI mafraidwehaveto thedevelopmentofcomputertechnology bThemonitorneedstobe sothateveryonecanreaswhatisonthescreen adjustto adjusted 1 Ifyouwanttosellyourproductyoumust it A advertiseB advertiseforC advertiseonD advertiseto正确答案为A 陷阱 容易误选B 用作及物动词时 其意为 为 做广告 登广告宣传 用作不及物动词时 通常后接介词for 表示 做广告征求 实例分析 比较 advertiseforsth sb 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 此时advertise不及物 advertisesth 为 登广告 登广告宣传 此时advertise是及物动词 其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语 e g Peopleadvertisethingsthattheywishtosell 人们为要卖的东西登广告 Themanagerwantstoadvertiseforanewsecretary 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书 再比较以下用例 advertisejobs登广告招人advertiseforjobs登广告求职 2 Nomatterhowmuchyou velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad youmust thepeopleheartandsoul A serveB serveforC servetoD serveon 陷阱 容易误选B 即字对字地翻译汉语的 全心全意为人民服务 将其中的 为 译为for 分析 答案选A serve意为 为 服务 可直接用作及物动词 其后不能按汉语意思误加介词for 请看以下类似例子 1 I youyesterday butyouweren tin rangB rangtoC rangwithD rangto答案选A ring可以用作及物动词 表示 给 打电话 故其后不用介词 2 Neitherofherparentswantedherto hercousin A marryB marrytoC marrywithD marryfor答案选A marry可用作及物或不及物动词 用作及物动词时它的意思 与 结婚 后接宾语 无需用介词to with等 marrysbget bemarriedtosb 3 HowcanI you Mr Green A contactB contactwithC contacttoD contactfor答案选A contact为及物动词 表示 与 联系 其后不接介词 1 checked vt 2 bought vt 3 sitting vi 4 see vt 5 talked vi 6 turned vi 7 hurts vi 8 suffering vt 9 thought vt 10 smiled vi KeysforPartA 1 aanswerbanswerfor2 abenefitedbbenefitfrom3 adecidedbdecidedagainst4 apaidbpayfor5 aadjusttobadjusted KeysforPartB 真题点击 1 Thepupil hisrighthand obviouslyhopingto toanswertheteacher squestion A roseriseB raisedriseC roseraiseD raisedraise 解析 raise是及物动词 意思是 举起 提高 还可以表示 喂养家畜 家禽 照料农作物