关 键 词：

文学 选读

资源描述：

1 英国 Chapter1 The Renaissance periodChapter1 The Renaissance period 1414 世纪至十七世纪中叶世纪至十七世纪中叶 文艺复兴文艺复兴 1 Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance 人文主义是文艺复兴的核心 2 the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things 人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以 人 为中心 人是万物之灵 3 Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question explore and enjoy 人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找 到充足的论据 来赞美人性 并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命 人可以不断发展完善自己 而且 世界是属于他们的 供他们怀疑 探索以及享受 4 Thomas More Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists 托马斯 摩尔 克利斯朵夫 马洛和威廉 莎士比亚 是英国人文主义的代表 5 Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England 怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行 诗引进英国 6 The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation 英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段 2 7 The goals of humanistic poetry are skillful handling of conventions force of language and above all the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter rhyme scheme imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief 人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用 语言的力度与 气概 而最重要的是发展了修辞模式 即将格律 韵脚 式 组织结构 意象 比喻 描述 与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题 并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来 8 The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson 文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫 马洛 威廉 莎士比亚与本 约翰逊 9 Francis Bacon 1561 1626 the first important English essayist 费兰西斯 培根 是英国历史上最重要的散文家 I Edmund Spenser I Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙埃德蒙 斯宾塞斯宾塞 10 the theme of Redcrosse is not Arms and the man but something more romantic Fierce wars and faithful loves 仙后 的主题并非 男人与武器 而是更富浪漫色 彩的 残酷战争与忠贞爱情 11 It is Spenser s idealism his love of beauty and his exquisite melody that make him known as the poets poet 正是斯宾塞的理想主义 对美的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文韵 律是他成为 诗人中的诗人 II Christopher Marlowe II Christopher Marlowe 克利斯朵夫克利斯朵夫 马洛马洛 3 12 As the most gifted of the University Wits Marlowe composed six plays within his short lifetime Among them the most important are Tamburlaine Parts I and four comedies The Comedy of Errors The Two Gentlemen of Verona The Taming of the Shrew and Love s Labour s Lost 在 他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段 他创作了五部历史剧 亨利六世 理查三世 泰托斯 安东尼 以及四部喜剧 错误的戏剧 维洛那二绅士 驯悍记 和 爱的徒劳 18 In the second period he wrote five histories Richard II King John Henry IV Parts I and II and Henry V six comedies A Midsummer Night s Dream The Merchant of Venice Much Ado About Nothing As You Like It Twelfth Night and The Merry Wives of Windsor and two tragedies Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar 在第二阶段 他写了五部历史剧 理查三世 约翰王 亨利四世 亨利五世 以及六部喜剧 仲夏夜之梦 威 尼斯商人 无事生非 皆大欢喜 第十二夜 温莎的风流娘儿们 还有两部 悲剧 罗密欧与朱丽叶 和 裘利斯 凯撒 19 Shakespeare s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so called dark comedies The tragedies of this period are Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth Antony and Cleopatra Troilus and Cressida and Coriolanus The two comedies are All s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure 第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧 或 悲喜剧 悲剧有 哈姆雷特 奥赛罗 李尔王 麦克白 安东尼与克利奥佩特 拉 特罗伊勒斯与克利西达 及 克里奥拉那斯 两部喜剧是 终成眷属 和 一报还一报 20 The last period of Shakespeare s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies Pericles Cymbeline The Winter s Tale and The Tempest and his two plays Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen 最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧 伯里克利 辛白林 冬天的故事 与 暴风雨 他最后两部剧是 亨利八世 与 鲁克里斯受辱记 5 21 Shakespeare s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet s own feelings 这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果 22 Shakespeare s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity 莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题 在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家 统一是非常必要的 23 In his romantic comedies Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth and the romantic elements are brought into full play 在他的浪漫喜剧中 莎士比 亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与青春 并将浪漫色彩渲染到极致 24 The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness 莎翁在其成功的浪漫主义悲剧 罗密欧与朱 丽叶 颂扬了对爱的忠贞及对幸福的追求 25 Shakespeare s greatest tragedies are Hamlet Othello King Lear and Macbeth They have some characteristics in common Each portrays some noble hero 莎士比亚的四大悲 剧是 哈姆雷特 奥赛罗 李尔王 麦克白 26 The King s government must be carried on but carried on for the good of the nation not for the pleasure of the king 国王的统治一定要万古不变 但是这种流 传百世万古不变的统治是有利于国家利益的 而不是只为国王自己服务 6 27 Thus he finds no way to solve the social problems In the end the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek comfort in his dream 正因 如此 他才无力寻求到医治各种社会痼疾的灵丹妙药 最后 他作为人文主义所能做的唯一事情 便是逃避现实 从梦幻中找安慰 28 He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty kindness and truth and should reflect nature and reality 他认为文学应该是真善美的结合 应该反映天性与现实 29 Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present time 古往今来 没有一个作家能与莎士比亚媲美 他对后世文学家的潜移默化也是无可估量的 30 Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view in literary form or in language 在他之后几乎所有的英国文学家都在艺术 观点 文学形式及语言技巧方面受到他的影响 31 Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare 十四行诗第 十八首诗莎翁最出色的十四行诗 IV Francis Bacon IV Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯弗兰西斯 培根培根 32 The most import works of his first group include The Advancement of Learning Written in English Novum Organum an enlarged Latin version of The Advancement of Learning 培根的作品可分为三类 第一类中最重要的作品有 学术的进展 用英文著述 新工具 是 学术的进展 的拉丁文增补版 7 33 One is the knowledge obtained from the Divine Revelation the other is the knowledge from the workings of human mind 他将知识分为两种 一种是通过神的启示获得的知识 另一 种是通过人类用脑思考而获得的知识 34 According to Bacon man s understanding consists of three parts history to man s memory poetry to man s imagination and creation and philosophy to man s reason 培根认为 人类的认识与学问分为三部分 基于人类回忆的历史学 基于人类想象力创造力的诗 歌与基于人类理性的哲学 35 Bacon as a humanist intellect shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticist 作为人文主义者的培根展示了 自己对于自然界真理的实验主义态度 并向中世纪的经院哲学家们提出挑战 36 Bacon s essays are famous for their brevity compactness and powerfulness 培根 的散文以简洁 紧凑 有力度而著名 37 The essays are well arranged and enriched by biblical allusions metaphors and cadence 这些散文不仅结构巧妙还大量使用了 圣经 的典故 隐喻和基调 38 Of Studies 论学习 Reading maketh a full man conference a ready man and writing an exact man 读书使人 充实 讨论使人机智 V John Donne V John Donne 约翰约翰 邓恩邓恩 8 39 The imagery is drawn from the actual life 诗中的意象都是从现实生活中提取的 40 His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression by exhibiting a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes and a free range of feelings and moods 他的诗歌给人一种固有的戏剧性 展示了看上去零散多样的经历与观念 以及漫无边际的情感与 心境 41 The Sons and Sonnets by which Donne is probably best known contains most of his early lyrics 歌与短歌 是邓恩最有名的诗集 囊括了他早期大多数爱情诗作 42 In his gloomy poem Farewell to love we can see his disillusionment 在忧伤的诗 作 告别爱情 中 我们就可以感受到他对爱情幻想的破灭 43 With the brief simple language the argument is continuous throughout the poem 议论依附于一种简洁平白的语言 并贯穿于整首诗作 VI John Milton VI John Milton 约翰约翰 弥尔顿弥尔顿 44 he was entirely occupied with the thoughts of fighting for human freedom 他头脑 中充满了为人类自由而战的思想 45 Milton s literary achievements can be divided into three groups the early poetic works the middle prose pamphlets and the great poem 弥尔顿的文学作品可分为三类 早 期诗作 中期的散文小册子和后期的伟大诗作 9 46 Milton wrote his three major poetical works Paradise Lost Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes 他的三部伟大诗作 失乐园 复乐园 和 力士参孙 47 The theme of Paradise Lost is the Fall of Man In the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity 失乐园的主题是人类的沉沦 在沉沦之中 亚当发现了自己身上的人性 48 Milton held that God created all things out of Himself including evil 他认为上 帝是按照他自己的样子造出的世界 其中也包括罪恶 49 It opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil 为基督自愿献身开辟了道路 这也显示出上帝欲将人类从 罪恶与苦难中拯救出来的同情心 50 In Samson Agonistes the whole poem strongly suggests Milton s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life 在力士参孙中 整首诗都强烈暗示着弥尔顿渴望他自己也能像参孙一样 以生命为代价 与敌人 同归于尽 51 In his life Milton shows himself a real revolutionary a master poet and a great prose writer 弥尔顿毕生都展现了真正的革命精神和非凡的诗歌才华 52 Paradise Lost 人类由于理性不强 意志薄弱 经不起考验 暗示英国自产主义革命失败的 原因 英国 Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period 1660 1798 新古典古典主义 10 1 In short it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values 总之 这一 时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期 2 The eighteenth century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason 英国的十八世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代 或曰理性时代 3 Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas 运动的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世 界 4 Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only the final cause of any human thought and activities They called for a reference to order reason and rules 启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由 他们大力提倡秩序 理性及法律 5 As a matter of fact literature at the time heavily didactic and moralizing became a very popular means of public education 其实 当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道 德理念 就已经成为大众教育的良好工具 6 Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden Alexander Pope Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele the two pioneers of familiar essays Jonathan Swift Daniel Defoe Richard Brinsley Sheridan Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson 英国著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰 德莱顿 亚历山大 蒲柏 约瑟夫 艾迪 森与理查 斯蒂尔 这两位是现代散文的先驱 乔纳森 斯威夫特 丹尼尔 迪福 理查 B 谢立 丹 亨利 费尔丁和塞缪尔 约翰逊 11 7 In the field of literature the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works 在文学领域 启蒙主义运动还使人们重新对古典时 代的著作产生兴趣 8 They believed that the artistic ideals should be order logic restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity 他们认为理想的艺术应基于秩序 逻辑 确切及情感控制的基础上 而文学作品的价值评判标准 应该看它是否为人文主义服务 9 Thus a polite urbane witty and intellectual art developed 由此一种温文尔雅 充满灵性的知识分子文学艺术发展起来 10 Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature 在几乎所有的文学形式中 新古典主义者们都设定了创作的规矩与条框 11 Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines the three unities of time space and action should be strictly observed regularity in construction should be adhered to and type characters rather than individuals should be represented 戏剧必须用英雄体偶剧 抑扬五音步的押韵双行诗 写就 时间 地点 事件 三要素必须要遵循 写作的规矩必须要遵守 而作品中的人物要代表一类人 而不是个性化 12 But it had a lasting wholesome influence upon English literature 套话 但新古典 主义对英国文学史产生过持久的全面的影响 12 13 The poetic techniques and certain classical graces such as order good form unified structure clarity and conciseness of language developed in this period have become a permanent heritage 在这一时期出现的诗歌技巧与古典气质 如秩序 优美的格式 统一的结 构 简明的语言都成为永恒的文学传统 14 The mid century was however predominated by a newly rising literary form the modern English novel which contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people 十八世纪中叶 还兴起一 种崭新的文学形式 英国现代小说 这种文学与传统贵族的骑士文学相反 着重描写英国普通 百姓的生活 15 Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe Samuel Richardson Henry Fielding Laurence Sterne Tobias George Smollett and Oliver Goldsmith 英国现代小说的先驱有丹尼尔 迪福 塞缪尔 理查德 亨利 费尔丁 劳伦斯 斯泰思 托比亚斯 斯摩莱特以及奥立弗 哥尔斯密 16 From the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift of interest from the classicclassic literary tradition to originality and imagination from society to individual and from the didactic to the confessional inspirational and prophetic 从十八世纪中叶至十八世纪末 还出现了古典文学传统向独创性与丰富联想性的转 移 社会描写向个性描写的转移 说教向忏悔 鼓励及预示的转移 17 Gothic novels mostly stories of mystery and horrorhorror 哥特式小说 主要讲述恐怖恐怖 神秘的故事 13 18 Jonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal being generally regarded as the best model of satire not only of the period but also in the whole English literary history 乔纳森 斯威夫特的 一个小小的建议 被公认为英国文学史上讽刺作品的经典 I John Bunyan 约翰 班扬 19 As a stout Puritan he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly believed in salvation through spiritual struggle 作为一个坚定的清教徒 他认真学习 圣经 并 深信人一定能通过精神上的奋斗得到拯救 20 he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure of reading his novel and to relive the experience of his characters 他的语言具体生动 情节鲜明真实 连没受过教育的人也能享受到阅读他的作品的乐趣 21 Bunyan s other works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners The Life and Death of Mr Badman The Holy War and The Pilgrim s Progress Part II 班扬其他的作品 还有 罪人头目的赦免 拜得门先生生死录 圣战 以及 天路历程 第二部 22 The Vanity Fair 名利场 节选 天路历程 第一部 The Pilgrim s Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English language Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils 天路历 程 是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言 它的主旨是让人们遵循基督教教义 并通过不断战胜自身 弱点与身外的邪恶来获得拯救 14 II Alexander Pope 亚历山大 蒲伯 23 Pope a very sensitive man would strike back hard and in the constant verbal battles he developed a style of biting satire 蒲伯本身是个很敏感的人 自然要用笔墨来反击 在 此期间 他发展了犀利的讽刺文体 24 For him the supreme value was order cosmic order political order social order aesthetic order and this emphasis on order found expression in all of his works 对 他来说秩序有着至高无上的价值 宇宙秩序 政治秩序 社会秩序 美学秩序 这种对秩序 与理性的强调深入到了他各部作品中 25 Pope made his name as a great poet with the publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711 The next year he published The Rape of the Lock a finest mock epic 1711 年 他出版了散文 论批评 从此奠定了他在诗坛的地位 次年 他又出版了 夺发记 一 部极妙的讽刺史诗 26 Pope was the greatest poet of his time He strongly advocated neoclassicism emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order reason logic restrained emotion good taste and decorum 蒲伯是当时最伟大的诗人 他大力提倡 新古典主义 强调文学作品的优劣应由古典的秩序尺度 理性 逻辑 情感的克制 高雅的品位 以及是否体面 正派来衡量 27 He worked painstakingly on his poems developed a satiric concise smooth graceful and well balanced style 他致力于诗歌创作 发展了讽刺 简练 通顺 优雅 平衡的风格 15 III Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔 28 His quick mind abundant energy and never failing enthusiasm always brought him back on his feet after a fall 他过人的才智 充沛的精力 旺盛而持久的热情总是使他在失败后 能重新站起 29 Robinson Crusoe an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time is universally considered his masterpiece 鲁宾逊漂流记 是一部体现时代精神的游记历险 小说 是笛福的代表作 30 In most of his works he gave his praise to the hard working study middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden unfortunate poor 在他大部分作品中 他都 表达了对勤劳 坚强的中产阶级的赞誉 以及对破落不幸的穷苦人的同情 31 Defoe was a very good story teller 笛福很会讲故事 32 His sentences are sometimes short crisp and plain and sometimes long and rambling which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration 他的语句时而短小干脆 朴 素直白 时而又气势磅礴 泼墨如水 为读者留下了叙述自由悠闲的印象 33 His language is smooth easy colloquial and mostly vernacular 他的措辞简朴易懂 又口语口语化 有时甚至是俗语方言 34 There is nothing artificial in his language it is common English at its beat 他的语言毫无造作 完全是大众英语 16 35 Robinson Crusoe The novel consists actually of three parts 鲁宾逊漂流记 整 部小说分为三个部分 The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single handedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel Robinson is here a real hero a typical eighteenth century English middle class man the pioneer colonist 其中对鲁 宾逊徒手与恶劣的大自然作斗争的描述是小说最精彩的部分 在此 鲁宾逊是真正的英雄 一个 典型的英国十八世纪中产阶级人士 IV Jonathan Swift 乔纳森 斯威夫特 36 In 1704 he published two powerful satires on corruption in religion and learning A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books which established his name as a satirist 1704 年 他针对宗教和学术界的腐败出版了两篇犀利的讽刺小品 一为 桶的故事 一为 书籍的 战斗 这两篇作品奠定了他在讽刺作品中的地位 37 Even today Swift is still respected as a national hero in Ireland 直至今日 斯威 夫特还被尊为爱尔兰的民族英雄 38 In his opinion human nature is seriously and permanently flawed To better human life enlightenment is needed 他认为人性永远有着严重的瑕疵 为了使人的生活更美好 人 们需要启蒙 17 39 In his writings although he intends not to condemn but to reform and improve human nature and human institutions 在他的作品中 他提倡的不是谴责 而是采取行为改良人性与 人为的机构 40 His A Modest Proposal is generally taken as a perfect model 他的 一个温和的建 议 被认为是一篇完善的典范 41 Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose 斯威夫特是一名优秀的散文作 家 42 He defined a good style as proper words in proper places Clear simple concrete diction uncomplicated sentence structure economy and conciseness of language mark all his writings essays poems and novels 他创立了一种良好的文风 即 在恰当的地方用恰 当的词 无论是散文 诗歌 还是小说 简洁 具体 精确 没有复杂的句式永远是他的写作 风格 43 Swift s chief works are A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books The Drapier s Letters note Drapier Swift alias Gulliver s Travels and A Modest Proposal 斯威 夫特的作品主要有 桶的故事 书籍的战斗 德拉皮尔的信 格列佛游记 和 一 个温和的建议 44 Gulliver s Travels Jonathan s best fictional work the book contains four parts Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound 格 列佛游记 是斯威夫特最精彩的一部小说 全书分为四卷 它具有重大的社会意义 同时对人 性的探索与揭示也是深刻的 18 V Henry Fielding 亨利 费尔丁 45 During his career as a dramatist Fielding had attempted a considerable number of forms of play 在他戏剧创作生涯里 费尔丁曾尝试过许多不同的戏剧模式 46 Of all his plays the best known are The Coffee House Politician The Tragedy of Tragedies Pasquin and The Historical Register for the Year 1736 他的作品中最有名的 要数 咖啡屋的政治家 悲剧中的悲剧 巴斯昆 1736 历史年鉴 47 a comic epic in prose whose subject is the true ridiculous in human nature 散文体喜剧史诗 主题是人类本性中的荒唐 对人性进行了真实的讽刺 48 The dominating qualities of the novel are its excellent character portrayal timely entrances and exits robustness of tone and hilarious hearty humor 小说的突出特点是 出色的人物刻画 及时的出场退场 笔调的遒劲及令人会心的幽默 49 The Great Man properly considered is no better than a great gangster The History of Jonathan Wild the Great 从某种意义上说 伟大的人物无异于 伟大 的匪徒 伟大的乔纳森怀尔德 50 The History of Tom Jones is a masterpiece on the subject of human nature 费尔丁 的代表作 汤姆 琼斯 一个弃儿的故事 主题是对人性的讽刺 19 51 the purpose of the novel was not just to amuse but to instruct the object of novel was to present a faithful picture of life the just copies of human manners with sound teaching woven into their texture so as to teach men to know themselves their proper spheres and appropriate manners 小说不仅供娱乐 而且更有教育意义 他的小说 的主旨是要真实地展示生活 使之成为 人类态度的完整拷贝 并将说教巧妙的引入作品 教 导人们认识自己 寻求适宜的人生态度 52 Fielding has been regarded by some as Father of the English novel for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel 费尔丁被一些人尊为 英国小说之父 因为他为现代小说模式的创立作出很大贡献 53 he was the first to set out both in theory and practice to write specifically a comic epic in prose the first to give the modern novel its structure and style 他第一个在理论与实践上创造了 散文体喜剧史诗 并第一个为现代小说确立了结构和风格 54 He thinks the thought of all his characters so he is able to present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their minds 作者以角色的 口吻去 想 因此不仅可以表述人物的外在行为 还可深入刻画其内心的思想活动 55 Fielding s language is easy unlaboured and familiar but extremely vivid and vigorous His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm and his structure carefully planed toward an inevitable ending 费尔丁的创作语言自然流畅 通俗易懂 同 时又栩栩如生并富有活力 他的句子以逻辑性和韵律性见长 小说结尾总是水到渠成 顺理成章 20 56 Tom Jones the novel consists of 18 books Tom the titular hero of the story he became a national hero he honest kind hearted high spirited loyal and brave but impulsive wanting prudence and full of animal spirits 汤姆 琼斯 共 18 卷 汤姆曾 一度成为全国人民心中的英雄 他 诚实 善良 高尚 忠诚 勇敢 同时也有着易冲动 鲁 莽和野性难驯的缺点 57 Tom Jones brings its author the name of the Prose Home The panoramic view it provides of the 18th century English country 汤姆 琼斯 为费尔丁赢得了 散文荷马 的盛名 小说为读者提供了一幅英国 18 世纪乡村与城市的宏伟的全景图 VI Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔 约翰逊 58 The years between 1737 and 1755 he did translations wrote poems essays and so on 1737年至1755年这段时间对他来说充满了艰辛 他做过翻译 写过诗 为书商编书 编辑杂志 59 In his famous Literary Club where he was surrounded with respect by the elite of the literary circles 在他的文学社里 周围围满了敬仰他的文学精英 60 Johnson was an energetic and versatile writer He had a hand in all the different branches of literary activities 约翰逊精力充沛 多才多艺 他还涉足各种各样的文学领域 61 His chief works include pomes London and The Vanity of Human Wishes a romance The History of Rasselas Prince of Abyssinia a tragedy Irene 他的主要作品有诗歌 伦敦 人类欲望的虚幻 骑士浪漫诗 拉塞拉斯的历史 阿比西尼亚王子 一部 悲剧 艾琳 21 62 As a lexicographer Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman A Dictionary of the English Language a gigantic task which Johnson undertook single handedly and finished in over seven years 作为词典编 撰者 约翰逊是编撰英文词典的第一个英国人 作品为 英文大词

内容简介：

-