20110711名词讲解之配套练习题1.doc

拨通阳光初中语法专题（一）名词 (一) 知识概要 名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法，但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类：专有名词与普通名词。顾名思义，专有名词是指：个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称，如，the Great Wall， America它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中则包括个体名词，如pen, worker它表示单一的个体人或事物；集体名词，如：family,class， team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体；物质名词，如：water,paper它表示的是一种物质，原材料；而后一种是抽象名词，如:work, time它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到，但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。见下一.种类专有名词 London, John, the Communist Party of China 普通名词 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集体名词 class, family, army, police, team, people 物质名词 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名词 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 二.功用 主语 My family is now in New York. 表语 His father is a scientist. 宾语 We love our great motherland. 宾语补足语 He made London the base for his work. 定语 The girls are making paper flowesrs. 状语 The car cost him 1000 dollars. 同位语 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. 三.名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数，即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算，所以它通常只有单数形式。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等，如：English,air,water,cotton,work可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词，所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。辨别下列名词的可数与不可数：在可数名词后写c，在不可数名词后写umoney monkey friendship designer building luck importance month news bread city weather 可数名词复数形式的构成规律是：1. 一般情况加s,如：penpens, doctordoctors,boyboys,其读音规则是在清辅音后读s，在元音和浊辅音后读z。如:mapmap ， boyboys.2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es，如：busbuses,classclasses,其读音为iz。3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s，其读音为iz。4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加es，读作z，如：factoryfactories,countrycountries, familyfamilies.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如:boyboys,daydays。5. 以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es，但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词，缩写词以o结尾的则只加s，：tomatotomatoes,heroheroes;photophotos,radioradios,pianopianos6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es，如：knifeknives, leafleaves, 但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。7. 不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的，它没有规律可循，如:manmen,womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet,toothteeth, mousemice8. 单复同形的名词有：fish, sheep,deer9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。写出下列可数名词的复数形式book pencil bottle player glass box watch dish factory company family key wife tooth half life potato tomato radio computer_ animal_ tutor_ CD_bus _ match_ sandwich_baby_ story_ charity_ country_video_ photo _ piano _ tomato_knife_ leaf_ scarf_ thief_German_ woman_ child _ deer_Ox_四.名词还有格的变化，其主格可作主语，宾格可作宾语。还有所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是s，如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加s，如：a students room, students rooms, Childrens Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家名词的所有格要用s，如：a twenty minutes walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers（一）s所有格的构成1. 表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加s，其构成形式如下：（1）一般单数名词后加s.如：我哥哥的书 ，杰克的猫 ，那个女孩的钢笔 。（2）以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加“”。如：教师节 我父母的礼物 双胞胎的卧室 两小时的散步 。注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加s.如：女士们的衣服 儿童节 （3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词词尾加s，如果不是共有的，两个名词都要加s.如：汤姆和彼得的房间（共有） 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有） （4）可用名词所有格表示地点，常在名词后加上s代表全称。如：在我叔叔家 去医生家 （二）“of +名词”所有格2无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：房间的窗户 ，中国的首都 我的一张照片 , 你父亲的一个朋友 五中的一个学生 (三) 例题解析1. Lucy and Lilyin the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be 2. Which is the to the bus stop， please?A road B way C street D address 析这是考察同意词辨析，road是指较宽阔的大道，意为“乡间公路”，而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高，可视为街道之意，而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径，还可引深为方式、方法。而address则为“地址”。如：There is a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum? 3. Hurry up!There is time left.A little B a little C few D a few4. How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 5. is the meat. Please?Ten yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long 6 The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green析英文的习惯与中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文则是姓在最后，其第一个名字是由父母所起的，中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可称作given name,而姓在英文中是family name. 7 Shanghai is one of the biggestin our country.A city B citys C citys D cities 8 Would you please pass me?A two paper B two papersC two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers9 September 10th is Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers10 I only have bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few11 “What would you like, Ann? ”“Id like two.”A glass of milk B glasses of milk C glass of milks D glasses of milks12 There isnt paper in the box. Will you go and get for me?A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any13.June 1st is.A Childrens day B childrens DayC Childrens Day D childrens day14 These foreign friends are.A German B Germen C Germany D Germans15 All the students are busy, so of them will go to the cinema.A many B little C a few D few 16 There are threeand sevenin the picture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheepC deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps17 Whose room is this? Its.A my B Kikes and Johns C our D Kike and Johns强化巩固(一) 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1. We have three_for dinner. One is small, the other two are big. ( potato)2. There are about twenty_in the zoo. ( monkey)3. How many _are there in your school?(class)4. Mr Brown has two_, a son and a daughter.5. The guests come from different_.( country)6. Flowers never laugh at_though they are more beautiful. (leaf)7. Shanghai is one of the biggest_in the world. ( city)8. There are few_in the fridge. Lets go and buy some peas, carrots and onions. (vegetable)9. Come on, Neo. You ve spent one and a half_in such a small shop. (hour)10. Two_(Australian),three_(Frenchman)andfive_(Japanese)will come to visit our school.（二）单项选择1. The Changjing River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest river B. the longest river C. the longest rivers D. the longest rivers2. The man over there is _. A. John and Mary father B. Johns and Marys father C. Johns and Mary father D. John and Marys father3. Every Sunday, he went to his _. A. uncle B. aunt C. uncles D. uncles family4. Youll have to borrow _. Im using mine. A. somebody elses car B. someone else car C. anybody elses cars D. everybody elsess car5. Have you seen _ workers pass by? Yes, I have seen _ them. A. women, hundreds of B. woman, hundreds of C. woman, two hundreds of D. women, two hundreds of6. We need some more _ . Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. photos7. Brian is so kind that he often gives me a _ when Im in trouble. A. reply B. seat C. hand D. reason8. Lao Hu is the _ of Tea House. A. doctor B. actor C. scientist D. writer9. I want to go to different places, but I dont know the _. A. price B. way C. time D. ticket10. How is Joys shirt? Her shirt is more beautiful than _. A. her sisters and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kates D. her sisters and Kates11. Its so crowded here. Lets make some _ for the baby. A. house B. room C. seats D. chairs12. I dont know how to use this machine. It doesnt matter. Here is the _. A. instruction B. direction C. information D. advertisement13. How much does it cost to build the school library? Four _ Yuan. A. million B. millions C. million of D. millions of14. Im going on holiday on the 12th . I have to bi back at work on the 26th ,so Ive got two_ holiday. A. weeks B. weeks C. weeks D. week15. They got much _ on the Internet. A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information16.Who will sing next?I think its .A、 about Lucy B、Lucy turn C、Lucys D、Lucys turn17.This is bedroom.A、The twins B、the twins C、the twins D、the twin18. June 1sth is Day.A、Childrens B、Child s C、Childs D、Childrens19Next month well have holding.A two week B two weeks C two weeks D two weeks20How far is the station from here? -Its about walk from here.A ten minutes B ten minutess C ten minutes D ten minute21-Where did you put ?-I thought I put them in the bag.A the Turners tickets B the Turners ticketC the Turners tickets D the Turners ticket22In time, the mountains will be covered with forests.A a few years B a few years C a few years D a little years作业：名词强化训练考点1、专有名词1、 English is spoken as the first language in _.A. America B. American C. Japan2、 _ live at 203 Knott Street.A. Whites B. The Whites C. The White3、 Mr. Green is _. But he likes to drive a _ car.A. English, Chinese B. an English, China C. an England, Chinas4、 - Which room shall we live in tonight? In _.A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room5、 _ India and China are of_ same continent.A. /, theB. The; the C. /; a6、 _ moon is quite near us in _ space.A. The, the B. , the C. The, 7、 Lily and Lucy come from _.A. English B. Chinese C. England考点2、可数名词的复数1、 -Do I need to buy some eggs for dinner, mum?-Oh, no. There are _ on the table.A. two box of eggs B. two boxes of eggs C. two boxes of egg2、 The bus stop is about two _ from his home.A. hundred meter B. hundreds of meter C. hundred meters3、 _ travelers come to visit our city every year.A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Five hundreds 4、 Our English teacher has _ son.A. a 8-year-old B. an 8-years-old C. an 8-year-old5、 It took us _ to finish the work.A. one hour and a half B. one and a half hour C. one a half hours6、 There are many _ in our school.A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers7、 Jack went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes.A. shoe stores B. shoes stores C. shoe store8、 There may be something wrong with her _,she can t see things clearly.A. eyes B. ears C. nose9、 How many _ are there in your family?A. peoples B. people C. the people10、 In the picture there is a _ and many _.A. dog, sheeps B. dog, sheep C. sheep, dog11、 Those _ stole a few _ yesterday.A. thiefs, fishs B. thieves, fish C. thieves, fishes12、 He is always complaining. _ people can get on well with him.A. Few B. Little C. A few13、 The room is too small, there s no enough _for another desk.A. rooms B. room C. place14、 How many _ are there in these _?A. tomatos, photos B. tomatoes, photos C. tomatoes, photoes15、 The little boy has two _.A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths 考点3、不可数名词1、 In order to keep fit, you should eat _ fast food and _ fresh vegetables.A. fewer, fewer B. less, more C. more, less2、 He knows _ Chinese and has _ Chinese friends.A. much, many B. many, much C. much, much3、 My cousin is very busy with his work. He has _ time to read newspapers.A. little B. few C. a little4、 Im thirsty. I think Ill buy some _.A. water B. bread C. eggs5、 -Would you like some _? -Oh, yes, just a little.A. pears B. oranges C. milk6、 Tables are made of _.A. wood B. woods C. a wood7、 Let the children go away. Theyre making so much _ here.A. noise B. voice C. sounds8、 What _!A. a nice weather B. nice weather C. nice a weather9、 I want _ and two apples for lunch.A. two piece of bread B. two piece of breads C. two pieces of bread10、 -How many _ would you like? -Two.A. cups of tea B. cups of teas C. cup of teas考点4、主谓一致1、 _ either of these two roads lead to the park?A. Do B. Does C. Is 2、 Not only you but also he _asked to be here tomorrow.A. has B. have C. is3、 The teacher with her students_ planting trees on the hill.A. have B. are C. is4、 All the money _ given to Young Zhang already.A. will be B. have been C. has been5、 -Whats in the fridge? -There _ some orange, milk and some apples.A. has B. is C. are6、 The singer and pianist _ doing morning exercises at 8 yesterday.A. were B. was C. are 7、 Nobody but two students _ left in the classroomA. have B. are C. has 8、 Many people say 10,000 _ a lot of money.A. dollar is B. dollars are C. dollars is 9、 Tom，like Mary and Rose,_ interesting books.A. have B. like C. likes10、 Three days _ not enough for us.A. has B. is C. are11、 One of the windows_ broken yesterday.A. was B. were C. are12、 Half of the class_ boys.A. are B. have C. is13、 My family _ at work.A. are B. does C. is14、 The police _ set off for thief.A. were B. have C. has考点5、名词所有格1、 Tom won the boys _ race in our school sports meeting.A. 15000-metre B.15000-metres C.15000-metres 2、 I like that son of _.A. Johns sister B. John sisters C. Johns sisters3、 Look at the shoes with adjustable heels. They are my _.A. sister B. sisters C. sisterss4、 You must finish the work in_.A. three weeks time B. three weeks time C. three weeks time5、 This is _ room. Come in, please.A. John and Joan of B. John and Joans C. Johns and Joans6、 That woman is_.A. a friend of my mother B. my mother friend C. a friend of my mothers7、 I hear we will have _ holiday at home.A. a two days B. a two-day C. a two-days8、 _ Day is on September 10th.A. Teacher B. Teachers C. Teachers9、 On _, all the pupils can play games all day.A. Childrens Day B. Childrens Day C. The Childrens Day考点6、名词的转化1、 He is one of my _ (friend).2、 The koalas dont eat animals. They eat _ (leaf).3、 Here are some _ (photo) of my family.4、 The idea _ (sound) good. I like it.5、 Its not far from here. Its about twenty _ (minute) walk.6、 The scientist is writing a book on _ (scientist).7、 They must look after themselves and keep _ (health).8、 We also have eleven _ (play) in a team in our game.9、 We are all _ (interest) in English more and more.10、 Please find out the _ (different) of the two pictures.11、 My school lies in the _ (south) part of the city.12、 Mrs. Black bought five _ (kilo) of _ (potato) yesterday.13、 The weather report says it will be _ (rain) tomorrow.14、 The young scientist has over twenty _ (invent)选择题专练1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. The _ of machine made us feel sick. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. noises 4. The blouse is made of _. A. a wool B. these wood C. wools D. wool 5. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 6. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day 7. _ room is next to their pare