常见词根词缀.doc

第一部分：英语常见词根词缀表使用说明：下表中黑体字部分为词根和前后缀及其变体；两斜杠之间的斜体字为词根词缀的 含义；其后是例词。变体和原体的含义相同，只是由于元音或辅音的发音关系， 原体发生了变化，产生了变体而已。 例如：在“a-, an- / without, lacking, not /asymmetric, apolitical, anemia”例条中， a- 和 an- 为前缀，其中 an- 为 a- 的变体；/ without, lacking, not / 为该前缀的含 义；而asymmetric, apolitical和anemia为例词。前缀:a-, an- / without, lacking, not /asymmetric, apolitical, asexual, anemia, anarchyab-, a-, abs-/ from, away from / abduct, abjure, abdication, avert, abstainad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-/ to, forward / admit, adjure, accord, affliction, aggregation, annexation, apparition, arraignment, assumption, attendanceambi-/ both / ambidextrous, ambivalentamphi-/ round, about / amphitheater, amphigensan-, ana- / up; up through, back / anatomy, analysis, anachronismante-, anti-/ before /antecedent, antebellum, anticipateanti- / counter, against /antibiotic, antibody, antisocial, antifascistapo-/ away, from / apostasy, apostlear-, arch- /chief, principal / archangel, archenemy, architectbe-/ to make, to take from / belittle, befriend, betake, bespeakbelli-/ war / belligerent, rebellious, bellicoseben-, bon- / good, well / benefit, benediction, benign, bonusbi-/ two / bicycle, bilateral, bisect, bipolar, bivalencebiblio-/ book / bibliography, bibliophile, Bibleby-/ aside or apart from the common, secondary / by-product, bypass, bynamecat-/ downwards, under, against / catacomb, catechise, catastrophecircu-, circum- / around / circumnavigation, circumlocution, circumspection, circuitcom-, con-, col-, cor-, co- / together, with / combine, compassion, contract, concentric, collaborate, correspond, cooperationcontra- / against / contradiction, contraband, contrastde- / down from, away / decapitate, dehydrate, dehumanize, degradedemi-/ a half or a part of / demi-god, demilune, demiwolfdi-, dia-/ through, across /diode, diameter, dialog, dialecticsdif-, dis-/ not, the opposite, apart / different, diffuse, disagree, divert, dispeldys- / badly, with difficulty, hard / dyscrasia, dyslexia, dyspepsiae-/ out /emigrant, egress, emit, elope, ejaculate, ejectec-, ef-, ex- / an outcome of / effect, effulgence, ecstasy, eccentric, expireem-, en-/ to make / employ, embrace, enable, enrichem-, en-/ in, on, into / encage, enclose, embalm, emphasis, energyepi-/ on, outer, over / epidermis, epicenter, epitaphequi-/ equal /equilateral, equilibrium, equivalentex-, exo-, extra- / from, out of, without / export, exodus, exotic, ex-officio, extraordinaryeu-/ beautiful, good /eulogize, eugenics, euphemismfor- / not, against, away / forget, forbid, forgo, forfendfore-/ before, in front of / forehead, foretell, forefatherhemi-/ a half /hemisphere, hemistich, hemicraniahetero- / denoting dissimilarity / heterogeneous, heterodox, heterarchyhomo-/ denoting similarity / homogeneous, homonym, homosexualhydro-/ water / hydraulics, hydrometer, hydropathyhyper- / over, beyond, excessive / hypertension, hypercritical, hypersensitivehypo-/ under, beneath, down / hypothesis, hypothermia, hypocrisy im-, in-, il-, ir- / in, into, on / imbibe, import, income, input, illustration, irrigationim-, in-, il-, ir- / not / impossible, immature, inconsiderate, ineffectual, illegal, irresponsibleinfra-/ under, beneath / infrared, infra-structure, infra-costalinter-/ between / international, interpersonal, interaction, Internetintra-, intro- / within / intramural, intravenous, Intranet, introduction, introspectioniso-/ equality or similarity / isocheimal, isochomatickilo- /a thousand/ kilogram, kilowatt, kilometermagna- /big, great/ magnanimous, magnitude, magnummacro- / big /macrocomputer, macrocontrol, macroeconomymal-/ bad, wrong / malnutrition, maltreatment, malapropismmega-/ of great size / megaphone, megaton, megalopolis, megavoltmeta-/ beyond, transcending / metaphor, metaphysics, meta-memorymicro- /small /microcomputer, microcontrol, microeconomymilli- /a thousand/ millennium, millimeter, millisecond mis-/ bad, wrong / mistake, misspelling, mispronounce, misleadmono-/ one, alone /monotony, monogamy, monochromemulti-/ many / multiple choice, multilateral, multimedianeo-/ new / neo-Confucianism, neolithic, neology, neodoxyneu-/ non-partial / neutral, neutronneuro-/ nerve / neurology, neurotic, neurasthemianon-/ not, reversing the sense / nonalignment, nonsmoker, nonsenseob-, oc-, of-, o-, op- / in the way of, against / object, obsolete, occasion, offend, omit, opposeomni- / all / omnivorous, omnibus, omniscientout-/ beyond, exceeding / outbid, outbreakover-/ beyond, excessive / overwork, overawe, overcoatpaleo-/ old, anscient / paleoanthropology, paleobiology, paleolithicpan-, panta- / all, everything / pan-America, pantomime, pandemoniumpara- / alike, comparison, unlike / paraphrase, paradox, parodyperi-/ around / peripheral, periscope, perimeterpoly-/ many / polytechnic, polymer, polyglotpost-/ after /postgraduate, posthumous, postwarpre-/ before / prewar, prepare, preposition, preschoolpro-, por-, pur- / forward, forth / progress, proceed, portend, pursuepseud-/ false or spurious / pseudo-science, pseudo-membrane, pseudonymre-, retro- / back, again / regression, review, retrospect, retrogressivese-/ aside, separating / secede, seduce, sedition, separatesemi- (hemi-)/ half, partly / semiconductor, semifinal, semicircle, hemispheresub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sus-, / under / submit, submarine, succeed, suffix, suggest, support sustain, subsonicsuper- / above, greater, better /supersonic, supermarket, superpower, superioritysyn-, sym- / with, together / sympathy, symmetry, synchronic, synonymtrans-/ across / transport, transplant, translation, transcontinentaltri-/ three /tricycle, triple, triangleultra-/ beyond, excessive, extreme / ultrasonic, ultravioletun-/ not /undecided, unimportantunder-/ beneath, lower in rank or degree / underdog, underfeed, undercoatuni- / one /unite, unification, uniformup-/ upwards / uproot, upcast, upstartwith-/ opposition, privation / withdraw, withstand后缀:-able, -ible / adj. capable of, fit for / eatable, workable, considerable, sizable-ac/adj. like, pertaining to / cardiac, maniac-age, -ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency /n. signifying the state of being / coinage, acceptance, existence, constancy, consistency -ate/ v. to make /activate, motivate, originate-cle, -cule / adj. or n. small, little / particle, sickle, animalcule, miniscule -dom/ n. signifying dominion, office / kingdom, officialdom-er, -or, -eer / n. one who / worker, writer, professor, engineer-fy / v. to make / beautify, purify, simplify-ic, -ical / adj. relating to, having the nature of / historic, economic, biblical, mechanical-ics /n. study /economics, physics, linguistics-il, -ile /adj. having the property of / civil, juvenile, puerile, ductile-ism/ n. action or practice, theory or doctrine / mechanism, imperialism, dogmatism-ist/ n. one who / physicist, communist, cyclist-ity/ n. condition, quality / activity, flexibility, identity, probability, feasibility-ize / v. to make /modernize, revolutionize, popularize, realize-logy / n. study, work / geology, psychology, metallurgy-ment, -mony / n. the state of being / experiment, movement, harmony, hegemony-ness/ n. condition, quality, state of being / carelessness, sadness, illness-oid/ n. like, resembling / asteroid, mongoloid, anthropoid-ous, -ious, -ose /adj. having the quality of / industrious, dangerous, bellicose-ship/ n. the state or quality of / sportsmanship, partnership, friendship-tion, -ation, -sion /n. condition, the act of / information, reflection, extroversion-tude, -ty / n. signifying the property / attitude, altitude, radioactivity, tenacity-ward(s) / signifying direction / eastward, homeward, upward(常见的拉丁或希腊语词尾):-us cactus, alumnus, impetus (original plural form: “i”, alumni)-aalumna, vita, formula (original plural form: “i”, alumni, or “ae”, formulae)-um datum, curriculum (original plural form: “a”, data, curricula)-ia, -sis, -tis (medical terms) anoxia, anemia, dyslexia, tuberculosis, hepatitis, meningitis词根:-acr-/ sharp /acrimonious, acerbity, acidulate-act-, -ag- / to do / action, reaction, agent, -aev-/ age, era / primeval, coeval, medieval-agog-/ leader / demagogue, pedagogue-agri-, -agrari- / field / agriculture, agrarian, peregrination-ali-/ another / alias, aliens, inalienable-ann-, -en- / year / annual, anniversary, centennial, biennial -anim- / spirit / unanimous, magnanimous, animation-anthrop- / human / anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropist-aqua- / water / aquatic sports, aquarium, aquanaut-arch- / government, chief, leader / monarchy, anarchy, archbishop-aster-, -astro-, -stellar- / star / asteroid, astronomy, constellation-audi- / hear / auditor, auditorium, audio-visual lab-auto- / self / autobiography, automation, automobile, autism-belli- / fight, war / bellicose, belligerent, rebellion-bio- / life / biology, biography, biochemical, antibiotics-bon-, -ben- / good / bonus, debonair, benefit, benign, benediction-brev- / short / brief, abbreviate, brevity-cad-, -cas- / to fall / cadence, decadent, accident-cap-, -capt-, -cep- / to take / capture, precept, participate-cap-, -capit- / head, chief / capital, captain, decapitation, per capita income-carn- / flesh, body / carnivore, incarnation-ced-, -cess- / go, move, yield / precede, recede, succeed, antecedent, secede, process-cent- / one hundred / century, centennial, percentage, centigrade, centipede-centr- / center / central, concentric, centrifugal, concentrate-chrom- / color / monochrome, trichromatic chromosome-chron- / time / chronology, anachronism, synchronic, chronicle-cid-, cis- / cut / incision, homicide, precision-cit- / call / excite, incite, recite-civi- / citizen / civil, civilian, civilization-clam- / to cry out / clamorous, acclamation, exclaim-claud-, -claus-, -clos-, -clud- / to close / claustrophobia, enclose, conclude-cogno- / knowledge, knowing / cognition, recognition, incognito, acognostic-comp- / to fill / complete, complement, comply-cord- / heart / accord, cordial, discord-corp- / body / corpse, corps, incorporation, corporeal-cred- / to believe / credence, incredulous, incredible-cur- / to care / curator, sinecure, to cure-curr-, -curs- / course, to run / excursion, current, precursor, curriculum-cycle- / cycle / bicycle, tricycle, recycle-dat- / to give / data, mandate, date-demo- / people / demography, democracy, demagogue, epidemic-deb- / to owe / debt, indebtedness, debenture-derm- / skin / epidermis, pachyderm, dermatology-di-, -diurn- / daytime / diary, diurnal, journal-dic- / say, speak / dictation, dictionary, dictator, contradiction-doc- / to teach / docile, doctrine, document, doctor-domin- / to rule / dominate, domain, indomitable-duc- / lead / aqueduct, conductor, education, viaduct-dynam- / power, strength / dynamite, dynamo, dynamics-ego- / self / egocentric, egotism-erg- / to work / energy, ergatocracy, metallurgy-err- / to wander, to deviate / error, erratic, errand-fact-, -fect- / make, do / factory, manufacture, effect, affect-fall-, -fals- / to deceive / fallacy, infallible, falsification-fer- / to bring, to bear / ferry, transfer, coniferous, refer-flect- / bend / inflexible, reflect-gam- / marriage / monogamy, bigamy, polygamy-gen- / produce, birth / gene, generator, eugenic, generation-geo- / earth / geology, geothermal, geometric-graph-, -gram- / writing / geography, biography, telegram, diagram-greg- / group, together / gregarious, aggregate, egregious-helio- / the sun / heliotrope, heliograph, helium-homo- / of human / homicide, homunculus, -hydr- / water, of hydrogen / hydraulic, dehydrate, hydrotherapy, hydrocarbon, hydroxide-it-, -itiner- / journey, road / exit, itinerary, reiterate-jac-, -jec- / to throw / ejaculate, project, reject-jur- / to swear / jury, abjure, perjury, jurisdiction-lab-, -labor- / to work / laboratory, collaborate, laborious-leg- / law / legislature, legal, legitimate-leg-, -lect- / to choose / election, select, legible, eligible-lib- / book / library, libretto, libel-locu-, -log-, -loq- / to talk / elocution, monologue, soliloquy, eloquent-luc- / light / elucidate, lucid, translucent-magn- / big, great / magnum, magnanimous, magnify-man- / hand / manufacture, manuscript, manicure, emancipation-mar-, -mer- / sea, ocean / submarine, mermaid, marinology-mit-, -miss- / send / transmit, emit, transmission, emission, permit, permission-mon-, -monit- / to warn / admonish, premonition, monitor-morph- / form, structure / morphology, morpheme, anthropomorphism-mort-, -mori- / death / mortal, mortuary, moribund-nav- / ship / navy, navigation, naval-onym-, -nom- / name / synonym, pseudonym, nomenclature, nomination, misnomer-oper- / to work / operation, cooperate, opera-pac- / peace / pacify, pacifist, Pacific Ocean-pathy- / feeling / sympathy, antipathy, telepathy, empathy-pel- / to drive / compel, dispel, repel, propel-pet-, -petit- / to seek / petition, compete, appetite-phil- / love / Anglophile, hydrophilic, philosophy, philanthropist-phob- / hate, fear / claustrophobia, acrophobia, xenophobia-phon- / sound / telephone, microphone, phonology-pod-, -ped- / foot / tripod, pedestrian, centripetal-pon-, -pos- / position / postpone, position, preposition, positive-polis- / city / metropolis, Indianapolis-port- / carry / porter, portable, transport, exportation-pseudo- / false, sham / pseudonym, pseudo-science, pseudology, pseudomorph-psych- / mind / psychology, psychoanalysis, psywar-put-, -putat- / to trim, to calculate / amputate, compute, putative, reputation-que-, -qui- / to ask / question, query, request, inquisitive, prerequisite-rid-, -ris- / to laugh / ridiculous, risibility, derision-rog- / to ask / interrogate, prerogative, derogatory-rupt- / to break / rupture, interrupt, eruption, bankrupt-sci- / knowledge / science, omniscient, consciousness-scrib-, -script- / write / scribble, inscribe, description, prescription, manuscript, scripture-sed-, -sess- / to sit / session, sedentary, president, residence-sens-, -sent- / to think, to feel / sense, sensitive, sensation, resent, consent-sequ-, -secut- / follow / sequence, consequence, consecutive-sol-, -solut- / to loosen / solvent, solution, absolve, dissolute, absolute-son- / sound / subsonic, consonant, resonant, ultrasonic-spect- / look at / spectrum, inspection, circumspection, retrospection-spir- / breathe / spirit, aspiration, respiration-soph- / wise / philosophy, sophisticate, sophomore-tang-, -tact- / to touch / tangent, tangible, contact, contingent-tele- / far / television, telephone, telediagnosis, telex-temp- / mood / temper, temperament, temptation, contemptuous-tempor- / time / temporary, contemporary, extemporaneous, temporize-ten-, -tent- / to hold / tenable, tenacity, content, tenure-terr- / land, earth / territory, subterranean, extraterrestrial, Mediterranean, inter-theo-, -the- / god / theology, atheism, theory, pantheism-therm- / heat / thermos bottle, thermometer, geothermal energy-urb- / city / urban, suburban, urbane-urn- / day / diurnal, nocturnal, journal-ven-, -vent- / come / intervene, prevention, convention-ver- / true / verify, verily, verisimilar, veracious-via- / way / viaduct, deviation, trivial-vid-, -vis- / see / video, visualize, vision, vista-vinc-, -van- / conquer / victory, invincible, vanquish, vanity-voc-, -vok- / call / vocation, revoke, invoke, provoke-volv-, -volut- / to roll, to turn / evolve, revolve, convolution第二部分：英语构词法1. Loan-words (英语借词举例):A) Latin: altar, candle, creed, cup, font, mass, shrine, ad hoc, a priori, vice versaB) Greek: analysis, angel, cosmetic, epidemic, monopolist, psychology, zoologyC) French: art, arrest, court, government, literature, memoir, people, pork, reservoir, taxD) German: blitzkrieg, kindergarten, mesmerize, noodle, plunder, standpoint, waltz, zincE) Spanish: alligator, armada, bizarre, cargo, cork, domino, filibuster, parade, riskF) Italian: artisan, balcony, canto, caprice, falsetto, model, profile, sonata, stanza, tempoG) Russian: argosy, commissar, gulag, mammoth, mazurka, slave, steppe, vampire, H) Chinese: lacquer, litchi, nankeen, sampan, tea, typhoon, Taoism, ConfucianismI) Japanese: bushido, go, judo, kamikaze, kimono, tatamiJ) Arabian: admiral, bazaar, caravan, check, chess, coffee, hazard, lemon, lilac, orangeK) American Indian: caucus, moose, opossum, raccoon, skunk, squaw, totem, wigwam(There are other language sources, such as Portuguese (albatross, apricot), Sanskrit (crimson, jungle), Dutch (hoist, hold, sniff), Egyptian (sack, oasis, paper), Mexican (cocoa, tomato, chili) and so on. Limited by space, the samples are not pre