英语练习题考试题教案10种最需要注意的时态考点归纳.doc

10种最需要注意的时态考点归纳根据试题统计，动词语法占语法考题中的50%左右，其内容主要包括动词的时态、语态、要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。现将各考点分别归纳如下。 1. 一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时，常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute / day / year 条件：if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2. 现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用，表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。We are having English class. The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。Marry is leaving on Friday.3. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语。考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these daysHas it stopped raining yet? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history 等In the past 30 years China has made great advances in socialist construction.考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词that” 后面用现在完成时。This is my first time that I have visited China. That is the only book that he has written.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.考点五：在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.4.一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1945, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when。考点一：used to + do 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。比较：be / become / get used to + doing 表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a rise 考点三：如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 考点四：表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.考点五：常用一般过去时的句型：Its high time Id rather 后的从句中谓语用过去式Im sorry . I didnt know you were here .I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。He was watching TV when I came in .The radio was being repaired when you called me.6. 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用。 There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意倒装)考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy. 7. 一般将来时表示在将来某个时间发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中。We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.(主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)考点二：表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.考点三：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点四：“祈使句 + and / or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点五：“be going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。Look at the dark cloud, it is going to rain.The child is both clever and hard-working. I think he is going to make a difference.be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。* be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)“be about to + 动词原形”。表示“即将，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.“be to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.They are to be married in May.8. 将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9. 将来完成时表示在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by + 将来时间 ，如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的从句。By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.10. 动词的语态一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation. 考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用：lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , write Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。考点三want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。考点四be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。考点五在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。考点六：一些常用经典被动句型。 当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed，It is expected, It is estimated, 这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”，而“以前人们认为”则应该说：It was believed, It was thought。考点七：被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.注意几组时态的区别：1. 一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。1. - Where _you _ (put) the book? I cant see it anywhere. - I _(put) it right here. But now its gone. A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put2. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened3. Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here? A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are you C. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been4. Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to. A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were5. When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten2. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时 1. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 2. - Have you had any letters from him? - No, I havent, but my wife _ him regularly . A. has heard from B. has been hearing from C. had heard from D. hears3. 现在进行时和过去进行时 1. I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary _. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come 2. - When shall we leave? - As soon as I _ what I _. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finis